Thesis (M.A.)--University of Wyoming, 2008. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on June 23, 2009). Includes bibliographical references (p. 113-115).

Thesis (M.A.)--Memorial University of Newfoundland. / Typescript. Bibliography: leaves 181-192. Also available online.

Thesis (M.A.)--Trinity International University, 2005. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 86-92).

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Aberdeen University, 2009. / Title from web page (viewed on Oct. 5, 2009). Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of the Philippines at Los Baños, 1987. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [172]-178).

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Delaware, 2006. / Principal faculty advisors: Thomas Evans, and Hugh Frick, Dept. of Plant and Soil Science. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.A.)--Trinity International University, 2005. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 86-92).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2006. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 114-129).

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-02-27Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:37:25Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 rios_ac_me_botfca.pdf: 885058 bytes, checksum: 82c0004491f41a8d8a4869fafdce6d56 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O arroz tem um grande valor econômico, pois está presente na alimentação de vários povos no mundo. O sistema de cultivo desse grão por inundação corresponde a mais da metade de sua produção mundial. Entretanto, esse método oferece um habitat propício para o surgimento de plantas daninhas, as quais competem com a cultura e provocam queda no rendimento da lavoura. O uso de herbicidas no combate dessas plantas daninhas é muito utilizado devido à sua praticidade e eficiência, porém podem contaminar áreas distantes, águas superficiais e subterrâneas, ou mesmo permanecer, no solo, adsorvidos ou na forma de resíduo-ligado. Além disso, podem ser tóxicos para organismos aquáticos e bioconcentrarem na cadeia alimentar. Para entender melhor esse comportamento, avaliou-se neste trabalho a mineralização do herbicida 14C-propanil aplicado sozinho e, comparado com a aplicação conjunta com outro herbicida muito utilizado na rizicultura, o clomazone. Também foi avaliada a influência de um fertilizante organo mineral classe A na mineralização do herbicida 14C-propanil. Em um sistema microcosmo, avaliou-se a presença do herbicida propanil em tilápias e carpas por um período de 30 dias. As doses aplicadas nos ensaios de mineralização foram equivalentes a 2,88 kg.ha-1 para a dose mínima agronômica (dose [1]) e 28,8 kg.ha-1 para dez vezes esse valor (dose [2]), para o herbicida propanil, e 0,25 kg.ha-1 na dose [1] e 2,5 kg.ha-1 na dose [2] para o clomazone. Para o fertilizante, as doses aplicadas corresponderam a dose recomendada de campo (dose [A]) de 1 kg.ha-1 aplicado no plantio, para cultura de grãos, e duas vezes esse valor (dose [B]). A coleta do 14CO2 proveniente damineralização do propanil radiomarcado foi realizada nos intervalos de 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56 e 60 dias e quantificado por... / Rice has a considerate economic value because it is part of food habits of several countries in the world. More than half of the world rice’s production uses flooded soils as a method of production. However, this method creates the perfect environment for the development of weeds, which compete with the rice culture causing damage in the rice production. To control weeds, farmers use herbicides due to their efficiency and practical use. On the other hand, the irrigation method increases the possibility of contamination by these toxics affecting distant areas, including surface water and groundwater, they can also stay in the soil absorbed or as bound residues. Moreover, they can be dangerous for aquatic organisms and bioconcentrate on the food chain. To have a better understanding of herbicides use consequences, this research evaluated the mineralization of the herbicide 14C-propanil when applied alone and together with another herbicide very commonly used in rice crop fields, the clomazone. The influence of an organomineral class A fertilizer, on the mineralization of the herbicide 14C-propanil, was also analyzed. In a microcosmic system, the presence of the herbicide propanil in tilapias and common carps was observed for 30 days. The doses applied in the mineralization tests was equivalent to 2,88 kg.ha-1 to the minimum agronomic dose (dose [1]) and 28,8 kg.ha-1 to ten times this amount (dose [2]) to the propanil herbicide and 0,25 kg.ha-1 on the dose [1] and 2,5 kg.ha-1 on the dose [2] to the clomazone. To the fertilizer, the doses applied correspond to the recommended dose to field (dose [A]), 1 kg.ha-1 applied on the plantation and cultivation of the grains, and twice times this value (dose [B]). The collect of 14CO2 due to mineralization of propanil occurred at 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56 e 60 days after herbicide application, followed by quantification using liquid scintillation counting (LSC). Both, the soil extraction and ...

The filamentous fungus Magnaporthe oryzae is a devastating pathogen of cultivated rice. M. oryzae elaborates a pressurized dome-shaped infection structure, called the appressorium, which physically ruptures the cuticle and gains entry into host tissue. Intracellular invasive hyphae invade neighbouring host cells through plasmodesmata. The Pmk1 MAPK cascade is well known for its roles in regulating the formation and function of the appressorium. Interestingly, ∆pmk1 mutants cannot infect host plant tissue through wounds, suggesting a role in invasive growth. Here, I define biological functions of the Pmk1 MAPK at various stages of the life cycle, by using a controllable version of Pmk1 that is specifically inhibited by a cell-permeable compound without disturbing other wild-type kinases. The Pmk1 MAPK signalling regulates morphogenesis of narrow invasive hyphae traversing the host cell wall, and modulates production of several putative secreted effectors, providing a direct link between the signalling cascade and effector-driven host immune suppression. These results indicate that the Pmk1 pathway is a central regulator of infection-related development necessary for many stages of plant infection including appressorium development, plant penetration, and importantly tissue colonisation. I also report the role of cell cycle progression in the development of plant infection structure. By using two novel conditional mutants that arrest in S and G2 phases, I defined that S-phase progression is crucial for appressorium-mediated plant penetration.