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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Atividade microbiana na rizosfera de fruteiras no semiÃrido cearense / Microbial activity in the fruit of rhizosphere semiarid cearense.

Belchior Luiz Dantas 30 June 2011 (has links)
CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de NÃvel Superior / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / Os microrganismos sÃo essenciais para manter as funÃÃes do solo em Ãreas naturais e agrÃcolas, por causa de seu envolvimento em processos-chave na estrutura do solo, envolvendo a decomposiÃÃo de matÃria orgÃnica, a ciclagem de nutrientes e obtenÃÃo de energia, a fixaÃÃo de nitrogÃnio atmosfÃrico, a decomposiÃÃo de xenobiÃticos e o controle biolÃgico de pragas e doenÃas. Partindo do pressuposto de que ambientes de sistemas agrÃcolas tÃm mais indivÃduos r-estrategistas, enquanto Ãreas de floresta tÃm mais indivÃduos K-estrategistas, objetivou-se neste estudo avaliar a dinÃmica populacional e atividade dos microrganismos na rizosfera de fruteiras tropicais e comparar com uma Ãrea de vegetaÃÃo natural do semiÃrido cearense. Foram coletadas amostras de solo sob influÃncia de abacaxizeiro, cultivares MD2 e Imperial, de sapotÃcea, clone BRS 228, em Ãreas sem a influÃncia das fruteiras e numa faixa de vegetaÃÃo natural adjacente ao pomar, no municÃpio de Trairi, estado do CearÃ. As amostragens de solo superficial (camada de 0 a 10 cm) foram realizadas em junho, setembro e dezembro de 2010, para posterior anÃlise de atributos microbiolÃgicos e bioquÃmicos do solo. A biomassa microbiana e o quociente metabÃlico (qCO2) variaram entre as Ãreas e as Ãpocas avaliadas, enquanto o teor de carbono orgÃnico e o quociente microbiano (qMIC) variaram apenas com as Ãreas e a respiraÃÃo edÃfica mudou ao longo do ano. Houve pouca variaÃÃo na estimativa da quantidade glomalina entre as Ãreas e foi observada uma tendÃncia de reduÃÃo desta proteÃna ao longo dos perÃodos do ano. A fosfatase Ãcida e a urease apresentaram maior atividade no solo sob vegetaÃÃo natural, enquanto a enzima desidrogenase foi mais ativa em Ãreas do pomar. A densidade populacional de bactÃrias cultivÃveis foi maior no solo do pomar, enquanto a de fungos cultivÃveis foi semelhante para as Ãreas avaliadas e variando entre os perÃodos do ano. A densidade de esporos de fungos micorrÃzicos arbusculares (FMA) no solo foi influenciada negativamente pelo estabelecimento de fruteiras, em comparaÃÃo com a Ãrea de vegetaÃÃo natural. A prevalÃncia de Glomus foi comum nas diferentes Ãreas, e a abundÃncia relativa das comunidades foi maior no solo com vegetaÃÃo natural. Para as condiÃÃes do estudo pode-se inferir: os parÃmetros microbiolÃgicos sÃo sensÃveis à cobertura vegetal e podem ser usados para avaliar a qualidade do solo; os teores de carbono orgÃnico e da biomassa microbiana, a respiraÃÃo basal e os quocientes metabÃlico e microbiano do solo sÃo influenciados pelo manejo do solo no pomar e as prÃticas agrÃcolas influenciam na diversidade de FMA, selecionando provavelmente os fungos r-estrategistas. / Microorganisms are essential to keep the normal soil functioning in both natural and agricultural areas, mainly due to their implication in key processes occurring in soil structure, such as organic matter decomposition, nutrients cycling and energy captation, atmospheric nitrogen fixation, xenobiotics degradation and biological pests and diseases control. Assuming the existence of a higher number of r-strategists individuals in agricultural systems, while forest areas have more K-strategists, this study aimed to evaluate the populational dynamics and microbial activity in the rhizosphere of fruit plants, comparing them to a natural vegetation from the semiarid region of CearÃ. Soil samples under the influence of pineapple plants, cultivars MD2 and imperial, and of sapodilla plants, clone BRS 228, and also without the influence of fruit plants, but from a natural vegetation adjacent to the orchard, were collected. This collection was made in Trairi municipality, Cearà state. Superficial soil sampling (layer from 0 to 10 cm) were made in June, September and December 2010, for microbiological and biochemical analysis. Microbial biomass and metabolic quotient (qCO2) varied between the areas and periods evaluated, whereas the organic carbon content and the microbial quotient (qMIC) varied only between areas. Soil respiration varied along the year. There was a little variation in the glomalin concentration estimation between the areas and there was a tendency of reduction of this protein along the year. Acid phosphatase and urease showed greater activity in soil under natural vegetation, while the dehydrogenase enzyme was most active in orchard areas. The population density of culturable bacteria was higher in the orchard soil, while the populations of culturable fungi were similar between areas and ranged between periods of the year. The spores density of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in soil was negatively influenced by the establishment of fruit plants, when compared to the natural vegetation area. The prevalence of Glomus species was common in different areas; relative abundance of those fungi communities was higher in soil under natural vegetation. Under conditions of this study we conclude: microbiological parameters are sensitive to the type of vegetation cover and can be used to evaluate the soil quality, the organic carbon and microbial biomass, basal respiration and metabolic and microbial quotients are influenced by the soil and orchard management. Agricultural practices can influence the diversity of AMF species, presumably selecting the r-strategists fungi.

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