A Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida (Aids), é uma pandemia com alto nível de letalidade. Os adolescentes no início da atividade sexual, podem se deparar com as Doenças Sexualmente Transmissíveis (DST), e entre estas a Aids. A gravidez na adolescência é uma epidemia no país, indicando que, se a prevenção para gravidez não está ocorrendo, também não está ocorrendo para as DST. Fazer um diagnóstico prévio da situação em que se deseja intervir, é uma conduta objetiva, utilizada por educadores na elaboração de programas de educação em saúde cientificamente elaborados. Neste sentido, este estudo têm o objetivo de obter dados que possibilitem identificar o perfil demográfico e os fatores que levam os estudantes do ensino médio a adotarem comportamentos de risco para a Aids. A população deste estudo foi constituída de 360 estudantes da primeira, segundo e terceira séries do ensino médio das duas escolas estaduais do município de Peruíbe, São Paulo, Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório - descritivo, para o qual foi aplicado um questionário estruturado. Os resultados demonstraram que 50,6% dos estudantes têm dúvidas de que a masturbação mútua seja uma prática sexual segura; a maioria tem conhecimentos corretos relacionados à Aids, porém 50,5% ainda acreditam, erroneamente, que a doação de sangue pode contaminar o doador; 62,3% referem utilizar o coito interrompido na prevenção da Aids e 30,4% a pílula anticoncepcional; 53,2% consideram não correr nenhum risco ou pequeno risco para a Aids; consideram como muito importante ou importante 87,7% a fidelidade do homem e 89,3% a fidelidade da mulher; 29,7% a virgindade do homem e 40,6% a virgindade da mulher; 23,5% a abstinência sexual masculina e 26,9% a abstinência sexual feminina na prevenção da Aids; 58,6% já tiveram relação sexual; 49,5% dos meninos iniciaram a atividade sexual entre os 10 e 13 anos e 70,0% das meninas entre os 14 e 17 anos de idade; 56,9% relataram atividade sexual nos últimos 30 dias; 48,3% afirmam fazer uso da camisinha todas as vezes que têm relação sexual; 38,3% algumas vezes e 11,0% nunca usam;45,1% afirmaram que fazem uso de bebidas alcoólicas; 95,2% não usam drogas injetáveis; 62,5% declararam que não têm plano ou seguro saúde ou convênio médico; 60,6% utilizam recursos da saúde pública; 45,3% dos estudantes trabalham; 63,3% ganham entre 1 e 2 SM; 25,8% das famílias dos estudantes têm renda mensal entre 1 a 4 SM; citaram como pessoas escolhidas para conversarem sobre HIV/Aids: 70,8% os amigos; 54,4% a mãe; 43,9% o (a) namorado (a); 40,3% os irmãos; 30,6% os professores; 29,7% o pai e 17,5% o profissional da saúde; 50,3% responderam seguir o que essas pessoas dizem; 30,8% seguem às vezes e 12,8% não seguem; 70,8% citaram a televisão como fonte de informação considerada mais importante na formação do conhecimento atual sobre a doença. Este projeto de pesquisa, tem a finalidade de obter dados que possam servir de subsídios, para que os setores responsáveis pela educação e saúde do município, construam programas preventivos de acordo com a realidade apresentada pelos seus próprios estudantes. / The Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (Aids), is a pandemy with high level of lethality. Adolescents beginning their sexual activity, may get sexual diseases and among these Aids. Adolescence pregnancy is very common all around the country indicating that preventive mesures are not efficient; the same can be said do STD. A previous diagnosis of the situation where one intend to act is an objective way used by educators in education programs of health, scientifically elaborated. Based on these concepts, this study has the target to get information in order to make the demograph profile and identify the factors that make the students of high-school to have a behaviour of risk in relation to Aids. The sample studied was represented by 360 students of the first, second and third series of high-school, in two schools in the town of Peruíbe, São Paulo, Brazil. It was an exploratory and descriptive study in which was used an organized questionnaire. The results showed that 50,6% of the students have doubts on they safety of mutual masturbation as sexual practice; the majority has good knowledge in relation to Aids, but 50,5% believe that people who donate blood can be contaminated; 62,3% say that use interrupted coitus to prevent Aids and 30,4% anticonceptional drugs; 53,2% think that there is small or no risk to get Aids; 87,7% think that it is very important or important men\'s fidelity and 89,3% women\'s fidelity; for 29,7% and 40,6%, the virginity, respectively of men and women, is considerated important; 23,5% and 26,9% respectively men\'s and women\'s sexual abstinency are important in preventing Aids; 58,6% have already had sexual intercourses; 49,5% of boys began sexual activities around 10 and 13 years old and the girls between 14 and 17 years old; 56,9% had sexual intercourses on the last 30 days; 48,3% declare that use condoms in all sexual intercourses, 38,3% sometimes and 11,0% never; 45,1% declare that use alchoolic drinks; 95,2% say that don\'t use injected drugs; 62,5% don\'t have health insurance; 60,6% use the public health system; 45,3% work; 63,3% receive between 1 and 2 minimum salary; 25,8% of the student\'s family have a monthly income between 1 and 4 minimum salary; 70,8% talk about Aids with friends, 54,4% with the mother, 43,9% with boy/girl friends, 40,3% with brother or sister, 30,6% with teachers, 29,7% with the father, 17,5% with the health professional; 50,3% say that follow what these people say, 30,8% follow sometimes and 12,8% don\'t follow at all. 70,8% say that TV is the most important source of information. This study has the aim to obtain information to help the authorities responsible for education and heatlh in elaboration of preventive programs according to reality presented by the students.

This diploma thesis deals with risk behaviour of adolescents and possibilities of its prevention by means of prevention. The aim of the thesis is to identify and map the most common forms of risk behaviour, which occurs in the age cohort of 18-19 years, i.e. at the threshold of adulthood, among high school students (from their point of view). The thesis also deals with the possibilities of prevention of this behaviour provided within the area of preventive work (from the perspective of prevention methodologists). Using the form of multiple case studies, the thesis uses both quantitative research methods, which comprise structured questionnaires for pupils of selected secondary schools from the same urban area, as well as qualitative, which represent semi-structured interviews with prevention methodologists. The theoretical part of the thesis, based on relatively extensive literature available, characterizes the developmental period of adolescence, socialization of the child, presents a summary of the usual types of risk behaviour of adolescents and describes the system of prevention. The empirical part presents the research itself, formulates research questions, characterizes the research sample and presents the respondents' schools, then presents the results of statistical processing of collected...

A Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida (Aids), é uma pandemia com alto nível de letalidade. Os adolescentes no início da atividade sexual, podem se deparar com as Doenças Sexualmente Transmissíveis (DST), e entre estas a Aids. A gravidez na adolescência é uma epidemia no país, indicando que, se a prevenção para gravidez não está ocorrendo, também não está ocorrendo para as DST. Fazer um diagnóstico prévio da situação em que se deseja intervir, é uma conduta objetiva, utilizada por educadores na elaboração de programas de educação em saúde cientificamente elaborados. Neste sentido, este estudo têm o objetivo de obter dados que possibilitem identificar o perfil demográfico e os fatores que levam os estudantes do ensino médio a adotarem comportamentos de risco para a Aids. A população deste estudo foi constituída de 360 estudantes da primeira, segundo e terceira séries do ensino médio das duas escolas estaduais do município de Peruíbe, São Paulo, Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório - descritivo, para o qual foi aplicado um questionário estruturado. Os resultados demonstraram que 50,6% dos estudantes têm dúvidas de que a masturbação mútua seja uma prática sexual segura; a maioria tem conhecimentos corretos relacionados à Aids, porém 50,5% ainda acreditam, erroneamente, que a doação de sangue pode contaminar o doador; 62,3% referem utilizar o coito interrompido na prevenção da Aids e 30,4% a pílula anticoncepcional; 53,2% consideram não correr nenhum risco ou pequeno risco para a Aids; consideram como muito importante ou importante 87,7% a fidelidade do homem e 89,3% a fidelidade da mulher; 29,7% a virgindade do homem e 40,6% a virgindade da mulher; 23,5% a abstinência sexual masculina e 26,9% a abstinência sexual feminina na prevenção da Aids; 58,6% já tiveram relação sexual; 49,5% dos meninos iniciaram a atividade sexual entre os 10 e 13 anos e 70,0% das meninas entre os 14 e 17 anos de idade; 56,9% relataram atividade sexual nos últimos 30 dias; 48,3% afirmam fazer uso da camisinha todas as vezes que têm relação sexual; 38,3% algumas vezes e 11,0% nunca usam;45,1% afirmaram que fazem uso de bebidas alcoólicas; 95,2% não usam drogas injetáveis; 62,5% declararam que não têm plano ou seguro saúde ou convênio médico; 60,6% utilizam recursos da saúde pública; 45,3% dos estudantes trabalham; 63,3% ganham entre 1 e 2 SM; 25,8% das famílias dos estudantes têm renda mensal entre 1 a 4 SM; citaram como pessoas escolhidas para conversarem sobre HIV/Aids: 70,8% os amigos; 54,4% a mãe; 43,9% o (a) namorado (a); 40,3% os irmãos; 30,6% os professores; 29,7% o pai e 17,5% o profissional da saúde; 50,3% responderam seguir o que essas pessoas dizem; 30,8% seguem às vezes e 12,8% não seguem; 70,8% citaram a televisão como fonte de informação considerada mais importante na formação do conhecimento atual sobre a doença. Este projeto de pesquisa, tem a finalidade de obter dados que possam servir de subsídios, para que os setores responsáveis pela educação e saúde do município, construam programas preventivos de acordo com a realidade apresentada pelos seus próprios estudantes. / The Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (Aids), is a pandemy with high level of lethality. Adolescents beginning their sexual activity, may get sexual diseases and among these Aids. Adolescence pregnancy is very common all around the country indicating that preventive mesures are not efficient; the same can be said do STD. A previous diagnosis of the situation where one intend to act is an objective way used by educators in education programs of health, scientifically elaborated. Based on these concepts, this study has the target to get information in order to make the demograph profile and identify the factors that make the students of high-school to have a behaviour of risk in relation to Aids. The sample studied was represented by 360 students of the first, second and third series of high-school, in two schools in the town of Peruíbe, São Paulo, Brazil. It was an exploratory and descriptive study in which was used an organized questionnaire. The results showed that 50,6% of the students have doubts on they safety of mutual masturbation as sexual practice; the majority has good knowledge in relation to Aids, but 50,5% believe that people who donate blood can be contaminated; 62,3% say that use interrupted coitus to prevent Aids and 30,4% anticonceptional drugs; 53,2% think that there is small or no risk to get Aids; 87,7% think that it is very important or important men\'s fidelity and 89,3% women\'s fidelity; for 29,7% and 40,6%, the virginity, respectively of men and women, is considerated important; 23,5% and 26,9% respectively men\'s and women\'s sexual abstinency are important in preventing Aids; 58,6% have already had sexual intercourses; 49,5% of boys began sexual activities around 10 and 13 years old and the girls between 14 and 17 years old; 56,9% had sexual intercourses on the last 30 days; 48,3% declare that use condoms in all sexual intercourses, 38,3% sometimes and 11,0% never; 45,1% declare that use alchoolic drinks; 95,2% say that don\'t use injected drugs; 62,5% don\'t have health insurance; 60,6% use the public health system; 45,3% work; 63,3% receive between 1 and 2 minimum salary; 25,8% of the student\'s family have a monthly income between 1 and 4 minimum salary; 70,8% talk about Aids with friends, 54,4% with the mother, 43,9% with boy/girl friends, 40,3% with brother or sister, 30,6% with teachers, 29,7% with the father, 17,5% with the health professional; 50,3% say that follow what these people say, 30,8% follow sometimes and 12,8% don\'t follow at all. 70,8% say that TV is the most important source of information. This study has the aim to obtain information to help the authorities responsible for education and heatlh in elaboration of preventive programs according to reality presented by the students.

This paper aims to provide insight into the risk factors contributing to suicidal ideation and behavior among adolescents. First, the author overviews the extant academic literature on the subject. She highlights the persistently high incidence of suicide among young people in the Czech Republic and briefly defines the stages of adolescence as well as the particular forms and methods of suicidal behavior. Subsequently, the author discusses in detail individual aspects of demographics, clinical data, familial environments and interpersonal relationships that the academic literature associates with an increased risk of suicidality among adolescents. Concluding the overview, the author sets the topic of suicide into the context of a children's crisis helpline. The author goes on to present an empirical analysis of reports documenting suicidal calls made to a children's crisis helpline. She uses both qualitative and quantitative methods to identify particular life circumstances that may contribute to the development of suicidal ideation and/or behavior, paying attention to distinct aspects of suicidality and to gender differences. As part of her analysis, the author critically evaluates the benefits and pitfalls associated with the use of data obtained from an anonymous crisis helpline.

Sex is a natural means of reproduction, but by far it is not practised solely for that purpose. In recent years there has been a large release of morality and today we would hardly find a young person with a belief that sex serves for reproduction only. Sexual life is no longer taboo and therefore it is necessary to speak also about the adverse phenomena that accompany it. There is unwanted pregnancy and the spread of sexually transmitted diseases. Sexually transmitted diseases present a serious global problem that does not fudge even our society. Young people represent the largest risk group in terms of infection who go through various relationsship selecting a permanent partner. The primary prevention is the most important way how to fight against sexually transmitted diseases, and it is important particularly for those who have not begun yet to live sexually. For this reason it is often implemented in the form of prevention programs in school facilities. The current situation of sexually transmitted diseases in the Czech Republic was charted in the theoretical part of this work. The goal of the practical part of this work was to obtain an overview of the effectiveness of prevention programs in the primary prevention of sexually transmitted diseases among students of Health and Social Studies University of South Bohemia. There were defined four hypotheses for this purpose. The first hypothesis: Young people get more information about the dangers of sexually transmitted diseases from the media and from their peers than from schools and parents. The second hypothesis: Experience with random sex has a quarter of respondents. The third hypothesis was formulated as follows: Women have more knowledge about sexually transmitted diseases than men. The fourth hypothesis: Women observe the principles of safe sex more than men. The quantitative research, questioning method and questionnaire technique were used to collect empirical data. The questionnaire was anonymous and had electronic form. The research sample consisted of full-time bachelor programs students of Health and Social Studies University of South Bohemia, who belong by their age structure into the most vulnerable group of infection of sexually transmitted diseases. Respondents. The research was attended by 531 respondents. The first, third and fourth hypothesis were not confirmed on the based of a statistical test. The third hypothesis was confirmed statistically. The descriptive statistics shows that young adults do not have sufficient knowledge about sexually transmitted diseases and have no fear of the disease, which is also reflected in their behavior. The prevention programs for primary prevention of sexually transmitted diseases in the Czech Republic are not quite sufficient, according to the achieved results and in my opinion, and we can not talk about their proven effectiveness. It can be said they provide at least some awareness of the risks associated with sexual intercourse. In my opinion, it is necessary to establish the precise form of the curriculum and to incorporate sex education into the framework of the educational plan as a separate subject in school facilities as basic and secondary. It is necessary to involve parents into the process of primary prevention by increasing their awareness and to pass the acquired information. It is also necessary to promote a form of barrier contraception and introduce general preventive programs in the fight against sexually transmitted diseases.

Abstract The problems of hazardous behavior with adolescents are getting into the foreground of the wide public. The problem of hazardous behavior with children, adolescents or young people is very real, not only in the Czech Republic, but all over the world, at prezent, it is a worldwide problem representing a substantial social problem with which many specialists in the field of psychologists, psychiatrics, educators, politics and other participating institucions, World Health Organization, are dealing. The Publisher results of research are pointing to a non- decreasing occurrence of hazardous behavior, where it comes to a basic shifting to a lower age group from the point of view of the gender eguality, when the girls and boys engage in hazardous behavior with different circumstances, conditions and occurrence. A whole range of research on this theme exists, but it does not fully concern the hazardous behavior, for instance in connection with information technologies, cell phones and using of habit-forming drugs. The thesis is divided in the theoretical and the practical part. In the theoretical part, the selected forms of hazardous behavior with children and the gender problems are described. In the practical part, the quantitative research method has been chosen,a method of gathering data by means of a questionnaire. The research summary for questionnaire inquiry was created by pupils attending the 7 th to 9 th school year of the primary schools in the South Bohemian region. The aim and purpose of the thesis was to find the appearance of selected risk behaviour with the children from the point of view of the gender, and to map the differences with a view to the gender problems. The aim was accomplished. There were four hypothesis stated. H1: The boys are a more endangered group in occurance of a hazardous behavior in connection with alkohol than the girls. H2: There is a higher risk in connection with usaje non-legal drugs about boys than about girls. H3: Boys are more endangered in the occurrence of a hazardous behavior in connection with habit-forming behavior relating to virtual milieu. H4: Girls are more endangered in connection with communication technology. The thesis may be used as an information survey of a selected hazardous behavior with the children and with the gender problems. The results of the research can be used as informative material for the lay public, for children and adolescents, for parents and other specialists (anti-drug coordinator, methodic of school prevention and not least for the education or as basics for a further following research aktivity. Further, the results of the research can be used for a closer determination of suitable prevention programs. For this reason, the results of the research were given to schools, where the research observation proceeded for the purpose of enhancement of the primarily preventive activity.

This diploma work named Socio-Pathological Phenomena at Secondary Vocational School and Their Possible Solution deals, in its theoretical part, with the basic terminology related with this topic. It also focuses on the risk behaviour among today's young people, and briefly introduces socio-pathological phenomena which occured at the surveyed secondary school in the last two years. It also describes other kinds of contemporary risk behaviour among young generation. At the end of theoretical part, there are introduced some of the current trends in school prevention and solution of socio-pathological phenomena. Period of adolescence is of course closely associated with this topic. It's called critical stage, and all the students pass this period during their secondary school attendance. That's why the chapter devoted to adolescence is elaborated in full details. Gender differences concerning appearance and intensity of socio-pathological phenomena are also mentioned here. Next, there is explained the system of primary prevention in The Czech Republic, the importace of family and school background, the impact of peers on personality development. In empirical part of this diploma work, there is introduced Secondary Vocational School, Ltd., 844 Schulhoffova, in Prague 4. The research probe was realized...