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During the 1960s large trenched expressways were introduced into our urban centres to accommodate the booming vehicular traffic. These expressways were built on an enormous scale, often traversing entire cities. Unfortunately, some neighbourhoods have been divided and now share a noxious physical boundary. The Vine Street Expressway in Philadelphia, the Cross Bronx Expressway in New York and the Décarie Expressway in Montreal are examples of such thoroughfares. They are noisy, polluted and uninspiring spaces. The auto-centric mindset with which these expressways were designed with is being challenged. A desire to make cities more sustainable, healthy and accessible for their citizens is emerging. Given the decreased mobility issues that would arise if these structures were to be completely eliminated, it is necessary to explore architectural solutions to remedy the destructive effects these massive artefacts have on the urban fabric. Through surgical interventions along the Décarie Expressway in Montreal, I will investigate realistic if slightly optimistic solutions in which we can foster a symbiotic relationship between these massive trenched urban vehicular infrastructures and the surrounding urban space. The large scale of interventions allows for the exploration of the inherent possibilities for expressive structural bridging solutions over the expressway, new configurations of urban public space by utilizing the captured space over the infrastructural thoroughfare and a productive urban fabric which begins to address the potential of a hybrid urbanism of the twenty first century.

During the 1960s large trenched expressways were introduced into our urban centres to accommodate the booming vehicular traffic. These expressways were built on an enormous scale, often traversing entire cities. Unfortunately, some neighbourhoods have been divided and now share a noxious physical boundary. The Vine Street Expressway in Philadelphia, the Cross Bronx Expressway in New York and the Décarie Expressway in Montreal are examples of such thoroughfares. They are noisy, polluted and uninspiring spaces. The auto-centric mindset with which these expressways were designed with is being challenged. A desire to make cities more sustainable, healthy and accessible for their citizens is emerging. Given the decreased mobility issues that would arise if these structures were to be completely eliminated, it is necessary to explore architectural solutions to remedy the destructive effects these massive artefacts have on the urban fabric. Through surgical interventions along the Décarie Expressway in Montreal, I will investigate realistic if slightly optimistic solutions in which we can foster a symbiotic relationship between these massive trenched urban vehicular infrastructures and the surrounding urban space. The large scale of interventions allows for the exploration of the inherent possibilities for expressive structural bridging solutions over the expressway, new configurations of urban public space by utilizing the captured space over the infrastructural thoroughfare and a productive urban fabric which begins to address the potential of a hybrid urbanism of the twenty first century.

Thesis (MPA.) -- University of Limpopo, 2018 / Road infrastructure is usually regarded as an economic backbone of the society. Local government has a responsibility to ensure that local roads are maintained in order to facilitate a movement of people, goods and services. The study was undertaken on the premise that local roads in Makhado Local Municipality are not promoting safety. That is, road infrastructure in this municipality is considered to be deteriorating. It is against this background that the researcher found it worthwhile to investigate critical challenges of maintaining road infrastructure in the Makhado Local Municipality focusing on the following towns, Makhado, Vuwani, Waterval and Dzanani only excluding unpaved communities and other small townships, namely Tshikota and Vleifontein. The objectives of the research were to determine the condition and effects of municipal road infrastructure within Makhado Local Municipality; to examine the legal framework governing the local municipality in the context of road infrastructure provision and maintenance as well as to recommend strategies to address challenges of road infrastructure within the municipality. The research employed both qualitative and qualitative in nature. A purposive research sampling approach was used to determine the inclusion of relevant respondents to the study. The research found out that the status of road infrastructure affect various people of different biographical background within the four towns of Makhado Local Municipality in a similar way. In the findings, the study highlight the fact that deteriorating roads conditions are often due to the following: a lack of professionals such as engineers to perform the necessary environmental scanning and identify problems in order to design the roads that suit the area, soil, landscape and climate and that other factors affecting the road infrastructure include corruption in procurement of road infrastructure projects; a lack of accountability of municipal officials; a lack or poor community involvement; and poor monitoring and maintenance of road projects. The study recommends that individuals with knowledge, expertise and skills be employed and further provide proper monitoring of the road projects.

<p><strong>Aim:</strong></p><p>The purpose of this study is to explore the Vietnamese market for Electronic Road Tolls. Company X is a world wide supplier of electronic toll systems. They are focusing on systems that will reduce traffic congestion in cities or congestion created by road charge toll systems. Company X has been active in the South East Asia for over 10 years. Now they want to explore new markets in this region. The company is interested in developing countries where road infrastructure is expanding. Since Vietnam is one of the fastest growing economies in Asia Company X is interested in if it is a market they should enter.</p><p> </p><p>Research questions: </p><p><em>Should Company X enter the Vietnamese market?</em></p><p><em>If yes, which entry strategy should be used entering this market?</em></p><p> </p><p><strong>Method:</strong></p><p>To analyze Company X’s internal and external environment I have used different theoretical methods, PEST analysis, Micro / Macro environmental analysis and with the SWOT framework I have summarized recommendations based on the facts I have gathered. I have also investigated different entry strategies to see what is most suitable for a Company X. I have collected data via interviews, literature and internet sources.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Result & Conclusions: </strong></p><p>Short term Company X has the opportunity to come in with their products into Vietnam with a co-operation with Competitor A. They will set up a test system at one toll plaza between the airport and Hanoi with two lane dedicated for EFC and Company X is their first choice if they are competitive. This will give them the opportunity to be first on this market to implement microwave equipment in Vietnam and an opportunity to set the standard in the country for the future. </p><p><strong>Suggestions for future research: </strong></p><p>The empirical data in this thesis is mainly gathered from secondary sources. The information would have been more accurate with more primary data.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Contribution of the thesis: </strong></p><p>This thesis shows that large investments in road infrastructure are coming up in Vietnam. This thesis also shows that currently there is low activity from competitors using the same technology and this was not previously known by Company X.</p>

Aim: The purpose of this study is to explore the Vietnamese market for Electronic Road Tolls. Company X is a world wide supplier of electronic toll systems. They are focusing on systems that will reduce traffic congestion in cities or congestion created by road charge toll systems. Company X has been active in the South East Asia for over 10 years. Now they want to explore new markets in this region. The company is interested in developing countries where road infrastructure is expanding. Since Vietnam is one of the fastest growing economies in Asia Company X is interested in if it is a market they should enter.   Research questions:  Should Company X enter the Vietnamese market? If yes, which entry strategy should be used entering this market?   Method: To analyze Company X’s internal and external environment I have used different theoretical methods, PEST analysis, Micro / Macro environmental analysis and with the SWOT framework I have summarized recommendations based on the facts I have gathered. I have also investigated different entry strategies to see what is most suitable for a Company X. I have collected data via interviews, literature and internet sources.   Result &amp; Conclusions: Short term Company X has the opportunity to come in with their products into Vietnam with a co-operation with Competitor A. They will set up a test system at one toll plaza between the airport and Hanoi with two lane dedicated for EFC and Company X is their first choice if they are competitive. This will give them the opportunity to be first on this market to implement microwave equipment in Vietnam and an opportunity to set the standard in the country for the future.  Suggestions for future research: The empirical data in this thesis is mainly gathered from secondary sources. The information would have been more accurate with more primary data.   Contribution of the thesis: This thesis shows that large investments in road infrastructure are coming up in Vietnam. This thesis also shows that currently there is low activity from competitors using the same technology and this was not previously known by Company X.

Thesis (MDF)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Governments have a pivotal role in meeting the ever-increasing demand for socio-economic services in transport, energy, telecommunications, water, education, health and delivery of other social services. However, the major issue in Mauritius is the lapsus in road infrastructure. The road infrastructure agenda in Mauritius needs to be revisited, as such, maintenance has been insufficient to prevent deterioration and there are some other reasons for the damage. Urgent rehabilitation and reconstruction is required to avoid further damage. Factors such as, deficit of funding, absence of coordination between the public and the private sector, changes in political regimes, lack of transparency in the procurement process and lack of adequate legal framework are factors to which the failure of implementing Public Private Partnership (PPP) in Mauritius can be attributed. However, the implementation of PPP might enhance the nature and efficacy of the way in which public money is spent and encourage resilience and competency of the taxation structure. Governments will therefore be apt to consider strategic partnerships in order to promote state-of-the-art technological advancement and enhance managerial skills and capabilities. Reviews discussed by the Government of Mauritius were taken from annual reports and an in-depth study was carried out. Moreover, as secondary analysis differs from systematic reviews and meta-analyses of qualitative studies, which aim instead to compile and assess the evidence relating to a common concern or area of practice, both secondary analysis and meta-analysis have been used. Therefore, this study comprised of a thorough, narrative discussions of research studies which epitomize attempts to make sense of the rapidly expanding research on PPP in Mauritius. From the narrative discussion, it can be highlighted that, controversy arose over the claims for surplus expenses of Rs 709 million on a preliminary agreement of Rs 2.2 billion. Moreover, due to factors such as massive non-alignment between government and private sector, unclear government goals and duties, multifaceted resolution, sectoral policies not well defined, regulatory challenges and limitations, risk management issues, poor reliability of public policies, insufficient local capital markets, poor mechanisms to attract cheaper long term capital, weak lucidity and absence of a competitive landscape, a delay in the implementation of PPP was encountered. However, an emergence in the number of PPPs has been witnessed in developing countries, not only because of their increasingly being viewed as value-for-money but also for the reasons that follow: enhancing the delivery of public sector services at lower costs, integrating protection of the environment by ensuring fulfilment of green requirements and promoting competition. Reviews and extracts show that Mauritius requires financial support to implement PPP projects. However, the availability of international aid has helped the country to gain faith in the implementation of PPP projects thus, helping the Small Island Developing State of Mauritius to look at the future of its development with confidence.

The aim of this thesis is to determine the benefits of road infrastructure projects implemented in cooperation between the public and private sectors. The thesis analyses this type of projects that have been realized in Germany. The first chapter briefly characterizes the environment which the projects were implemented in. It also discusses the legislation that governs the issue. On the basis of knowledge obtained from the analysis the projects implemented in cooperation between the public and private sectors are compared with the projects carried out in conventional way. Finally, results are summarized and lead to the conclusion that cooperation between the public and private sector in road infrastructure projects has a future and can be beneficial for other European countries including the Czech Republic.

The relationship between shale gas development and budgetary and microeconomic externalities was studied. The extraction activity in the Barnett shaleformation provided a case study for assessing per-well highway infrastructure damage and water usage. The creation of a predictive model based upon the Barnett was applied to the Marcellus formation. The results showed support for the hypothesis that shale gas development creates negative externalities that amount to unfunded mandates and freerider problems for states and localities. Implications and policy solutions, including the case for a Pennsylvania natural gas fund, are discussed. / McAnulty College and Graduate School of Liberal Arts; / Graduate Center for Social and Public Policy / MA; / Thesis;

When undertaking the renovation of large-scale road infrastructure, there is a unique design opportunity to reconsider the role of road networks and their effect on our contemporary urban landscape. This study analyses Montreal’s trenched Décarie Expressway to explore the potential space created by road infrastructure and its role as a key element in urban renewal. The urban design takes shape according to the specific characteristics of the neighborhoods adjacent to the Décarie axis. Remediation of these neighborhoods occurs here by introducing public spaces and inserting real-estate development over the expressway. The design concentrates on connecting pedestrian paths along a new public plinth. Since we have inherited the road infrastructure developed by modern car culture, we must begin to envision transportation infrastructure as an opportunity for public spaces with real three-dimensional connectivity that would marry civic needs with cultural amenities and ultimately symbolize the physical rehabilitation of the Décarie axis.