This diploma thesis deals with the influence of the totalitarian regime on musical production in Czechoslovakia between 1968 and 1989. The aim is to explore various ways which the communist regime used to regulate or prevent the propagation of selected musical genres. The power of the totalitarian regime is shown in specific cases, such as censorship, preventing concerts, physical attacts during performances, arrests, artificial processes, media influence, nationwide actions against musicians or music bands, state institutions, etc. The work shoes how the communist regime avoided accepting any independent behavior in the society. At the same time, there are analyzed both articles in the media and state security reports, etc., and some texts reflecting political events in the particular period and current professional work on this topic. KEYWORDS Normalization, Unofficial Musical Genres, Underground, Punk, Rock'n'roll, Repression, Unfreedom

For a short period during the 1960s Toronto’s Yorkville district was found at the centre of Canada’s youthful bohemian scene. Students, artists, hippies, greasers, bikers, and “weekenders” congregated in and around the district, enjoying the live music and theatre in its many coffee houses, its low-rent housing in overcrowded Victorian walk-ups, and its perceived saturation with anti-establishmentarian energy. For a period of roughly ten years, Yorkville served as a crossroads for Torontonian (and even English Canadian) youth, as a venue for experimentation with alternative lifestyles and beliefs, and an apparent refuge from the dominant culture and the stifling expectations it had placed upon them. Indeed, by 1964 every young Torontonian (and many young Canadians) likely knew that social rebellion and Yorkville went together as fingers interlaced. Making the Scene unpacks the complicated history of this fraught community, examining the various meanings represented by this alternative scene in an anxious 1960s. Throughout, this dissertation emphasizes the relationship between power, authenticity and identity on the figurative stage for identity performance that was Yorkville. / Thesis (Ph.D, History) -- Queen's University, 2007-10-02 09:46:00.077

The thesis deals with a musical aspect in Czech films directed by Miloš Forman. The topic is investigated within a wider context of musical culture of the 1960s as it is focused on analysis of cultural phenomena associated with musical expression which left their impression on Forman's films and participated, to great extent, in specificity of their soundtracks. So the films are not analyzed as separate artifacts, but they are considered as documents affected by the social climate at that time. Common social phenomena which were an integral part of Forman's films are studied such as dancing parties, twist and radio broadcasting. The Forman's cooperation with the Semafor theatre is analyzed as well as how Semafor poetics influenced his films. Jiří Suchý's lyrics and the period hits classified as the medium pop music stream are carefully analyzed as they are an important part of Forman's films. A short outline of the cinematographic context of the 1960s and comparison with films thematically similar help to specify Forman's approach to the music aspect. The collage-like structure of the work highlights a few contradictory trends in pop music of the 1960s whose variety can be seen in Forman's films.

<p>Рокенрол се, као глобални социолошки, културни и уметнички феномен, испољава кроз масовну и популарну културу, синкретизмом музике и поезије, уз снажан сегмент субверзије и друштвене критике, засноване на међугенерацијском сукобу и тежњи ка досезању вишег степена духовне и физичке слободе. Упоредо са државама Запада, развио се и у Југославији, ограниченог дејства због репресивне културне политике социјалистичког система, са кулминацијом након смрти Јосипа Броза, када је тренд новог таласа изнедрио бројне нове, амбициозне и уметнички потентне ауторе. Водећу улогу на сцени имао је Бранимир Штулић, чија је рок поезија имала огроман утицај на генерације младих са идејом о неопходној демократизацији и либерализацији друштва. Социјалне, мисаоне и љубавне песме овог аутора, интерпретиране уз пратњу рок групе Азра, критиковале су ретроградно организован, бирократизован друштвени систем и друге аномалије које су спутавале напредак заједнице. Специфичног поетског израза, блиског језику улице, на бази традиције уметничког и рок песништва, Штулић је остварио обиман опус са великим бројем успелих песама, по којима је препознат као гласноговорник генерације. Важну улогу у рецепцији његовог дела имали су медији, поготово типска рокенрол штампа, која је, упоредо са развојем покрета, досегла висок стадијум критичке мисли и валоризације рок ствралаштва.</p> / <p>Rokenrol se, kao globalni sociološki, kulturni i umetnički fenomen, ispoljava kroz masovnu i popularnu kulturu, sinkretizmom muzike i poezije, uz snažan segment subverzije i društvene kritike, zasnovane na međugeneracijskom sukobu i težnji ka dosezanju višeg stepena duhovne i fizičke slobode. Uporedo sa državama Zapada, razvio se i u Jugoslaviji, ograničenog dejstva zbog represivne kulturne politike socijalističkog sistema, sa kulminacijom nakon smrti Josipa Broza, kada je trend novog talasa iznedrio brojne nove, ambiciozne i umetnički potentne autore. Vodeću ulogu na sceni imao je Branimir Štulić, čija je rok poezija imala ogroman uticaj na generacije mladih sa idejom o neophodnoj demokratizaciji i liberalizaciji društva. Socijalne, misaone i ljubavne pesme ovog autora, interpretirane uz pratnju rok grupe Azra, kritikovale su retrogradno organizovan, birokratizovan društveni sistem i druge anomalije koje su sputavale napredak zajednice. Specifičnog poetskog izraza, bliskog jeziku ulice, na bazi tradicije umetničkog i rok pesništva, Štulić je ostvario obiman opus sa velikim brojem uspelih pesama, po kojima je prepoznat kao glasnogovornik generacije. Važnu ulogu u recepciji njegovog dela imali su mediji, pogotovo tipska rokenrol štampa, koja je, uporedo sa razvojem pokreta, dosegla visok stadijum kritičke misli i valorizacije rok stvralaštva.</p>