Presently, the industry accepted method for determining the positive moment strength of gravity loaded standing seam metal roof systems is the "Base Test Method". The Base Test Method provides a means for determining the positive moment strength of a multiple span, multiple purlin line standing seam roof system using the results from a set of six single span, simply supported, two-purlin line experimental tests. A set of six base tests must be conducted for each combination of purlin profile, deck panel profile, clip type, and intermediate bracing configuration. The primary objective of this study is to investigate the possibility of eliminating some of the roof system parameters specifically, clip type, purlin flange width, and roof panel thickness. This study used the results from nine series of tests. Each series consists of 11 to 14 gravity loaded base tests. The first three series were used to examine the effects of clip type on the strength of standing seam roof system. The final six series was used to examine the effects of flange width and roof panel thickness. All nine series were constructed using Z-purlin sections with flanges facing the same direction (like orientation). Based on the results of this study, clip type, purlin flange width, and roof panel thickness all have an effect on the strength of standing seam roof systems. Although none of the roof components can be completely eliminated from the required test matrix, by using trend relationships an acceptable test protocol was developed that results in a significant reduction in the number of required base tests. / Master of Science

The project deals with a new building of a Sports centre in Břeclav. The object has two overground floors and one underground floor. The object is projected from the HRLUZ system. The roof is flat.

Mission-critical facilities house operations that when interrupted, can prove disastrous to an organization’s future. Limited market research is available to determine what roof types are best suited to meet the unique demands of these buildings. The purpose of this research was to evaluate different roof materials and to observe trends relative to their lifecycle costs and roof professional’s assessment in use with mission-critical facilities. The objectives of the study were to determine the average annual lifecycle costs for the sampled roof materials, to determine the roofing professionals’ preferred mission-critical facility roof materials, and to priority rank the sampled roof materials for use with mission-critical facilities A pilot study was conducted to assess variables in evaluating different roof materials and their use with mission-critical facilities. Additionally, a survey was administered to roofing professionals across the United States to obtain lifecycle cost information for various roof materials as well as ratings for those materials for use with mission-critical facilities. The research found that single-ply roofs, with the exception of 60 Mil TPO, had lower annual lifecycle costs than built-up roofs due to their having lower install and removal costs, as well as having increasing life expectancies over the years. The metal roof selection was also shown to have a low annual lifecycle cost due to having the longest estimated lifespan. Built-up and metal roofs were rated highest by roofing professionals for their use with mission-critical facilities, suggesting a prioritization of risk reduction versus cost savings. When the lifecycle cost data was applied to the roof material ratings, the data showed that built-up roofs presented themselves as good values for mission-critical facilities; however, 90 Mil EPDM and 24-gauge metal roofs could be considered as viable cost savings alternatives.

The aim of my thesis is to design and elaborate the project documentation for construction of the nursery school in the cadastral area Prague-Černý most. It is a two-storey partially basement building, witch with its layout corresponds to the conditons of the building operation. Nusery school is designed for 4 departments after 24 kids. The construction system of the object is designed as Porotherm system. External load-bearing structures are designed as ventilated facade with thermal insulation of 180 mm thickness. Vertical load-bearing structures of 1st and 2nd floor will be lined with brick blocks Porotherm 38 profi and 1.S bricks from the Best 30 permanent formwork. The inner bearing walls are designed with Porotherm 24 profi and Porotherm 11,5 Profi is used for non-load-bearing masonry. The exterior facade cladding is designed from HPL compact laminate boards. The internal staircase is half-turn stairs, reinforced concrete, monolithic. Horizontal supporting structures consist of Porotherm ceramic concrete system (POT beams and miako insert) with a thickness of 250 mm. The roof is designed as a vegetation, some of witch is supplemented with a gutter. The windows and doors are plastic-aluminium. Floor coverings are designed taking into the use of individual rooms such as floor screed, ceramic tiles and cork floors. The main aim of my work was to solve the disposition for the given purpose, to design a suitable construction system and to draw up the drawing documentation including the text part.

Grande parte das moradias brasileiras apresenta coberturas inadequadas, conforme indicação de pesquisa sobre o deficit habitacional. A carpintaria dessas coberturas necessita de mão de obra qualificada e materiais de custos elevados, porém, na maioria dos casos ainda hoje utiliza processo construtivo artesanal. O objetivo deste trabalho é identificar quais as condições necessárias para viabilizar a produção de sistemas de cobertura adotando o processo de préfabricação com madeiras de florestas plantadas, em contextos com precariedades, como nos casos dos assentamentos rurais. Os estudos se concentraram em dois assentamentos rurais; no primeiro, Assentamento Rural Pirituba II no município de Itapeva - SP, foi desenvolvido o sistema de cobertura VLP (vigas laminadas pregadas) e empregado em 35 moradias; no segundo, Assentamento Rural Sepé Tiaraju localizado no município de Serra Azul - SP, foi desenvolvido o sistema de cobertura Painéis pré-fabricados e empregado em 67 moradias. A estratégia adotada para a coleta de dados do produto e do processo aconteceu ao longo da cadeia de produção dos sistemas de cobertura, começando pelo desenvolvimento do projeto, passando pela realidade social do assentamento até a aplicação das propostas em cada assentamento. O desenvolvimento e escolha da proposta elaborada utilizam o processo participativo com envolvimento direto das famílias em todo o processo. Os resultados obtidos permitem concluir que ambos os sistemas de cobertura pré-fabricados atendem às condições necessárias na redução de custos com materais e mão de obra melhorando a qualidade de acabamento dos sistemas de cobertura mesmo trabalhando em situações com precariedade de infraestrutura. A relevância da pesquisa está no fato de agregar valores não comuns às coberturas das habitações rurais possibilitando a replicação dos princípios adotados em situações semelhantes, mesmo que em contextos diferentes, demonstrando que a pré-fabricação com o processo participativo podem ser alternativas viáveis para comunidades organizadas. / There are many Brazilian houses with inadequate roofs, as indicated by research on the housing deficit. The traditional build-up roofs require skilled labor and expensive materials, made in a handmade construction process. The objective of this research is to identify the necessary conditions to enable the production of roof systems by adopting the pre-fabrication with soft-wood from reforestations, to be applied in precarious situations, such as are found in rural settlements. The studies focused on two rural settlements. At the first, in the Pirituba II (Itapeva SP, Brazil), it was designed the roof system NLB (nailed laminated beams) which covered 35 houses. In another context, the Sepé Tiaraju, located in the municipality of Serra Azul SP (Brazil), it was designed the roof system in prefabricated wood panels, applied in 67 houses. The strategy for collecting data about the product and the process occurred throughout the production chain of roofing systems, starting with the participatory design, through the found social reality, to implementation of proposals in each rural settlement. The development and selection of the proposed solutions counted with the direct involvement of the families throughout the process. With the results it is concluded that both prefabricated roof systems meet the conditions of cost reductions of materials and labor, improving the quality of the finish of the roof system, even when working in situations with precarious infrastructure. The relevance of this research is to add not common value to the roof of rural housing, enabling the replication of the principles in similar situations and demonstrating that the prefabrication and participatory design can be viable alternatives to organized communities.

O trabalho está inserido no debate dos sistemas construtivos mais sustentáveis, procurando analisar a forma como a construção civil está atuando atualmente e propondo alternativas para minimização de seus impactos. Nas últimas décadas esse tema vem sendo abordado de forma parcial, com proposições de novas tecnologias, sem no entanto avançar nos estudos que procuram avaliar as complexas relações existentes na realidade para resolução desses problemas. As práticas sociais, econômicas, políticas e culturais, normalmente não abordadas na maioria dos estudos, muitas vezes são causadoras dos atuais níveis de consumo e produção de resíduos e emissões, devendo ser necessariamente estudadas de forma indissociável às questões tecnológicas e ambientais e em relações de ganhos e perdas de sustentabilidade, para que então se proponham novos sistemas construtivos e procedimentos, capazes de trazer um cenário mais sustentável em determinado contexto e dimensão. O objetivo do trabalho é levantar e analisar os pontos de maior e menor sustentabilidade do ciclo de vida do sistema estrutural de cobertura em vigas laminadas pregadas de madeira de Pinus de 3ª qualidade, nas dimensões ambiental, social, econômica, política e cultural, avaliando suas relações de ganhos e perdas ao longo do processo. O trabalho dividiu-se em duas grandes etapas, sendo que na primeira foi feita uma revisão bibliográfica, levantando os atuais métodos de sustentabilidade e identificando seus limites e potencialidades, na qual constatou-se que nenhum estudo abrangia as diferentes dimensões de forma satisfatória, concentrando-se apenas na ambiental. Em seguida, para se aproximar de uma análise pluridimensional de forma satisfatória, escolheu-se a avaliação do ciclo de vida (ACV) como método mais indicado, associando-o aos indicadores Ethos, a outras variáveis levantadas da literatura e a uma nova ferramenta criada para organização e visualização dos dados, resultando no método proposto, a Avaliação Pluridimensional do Ciclo de Vida (APCV). Na segunda etapa aplicou-se o método desenvolvido em um estudo de caso único, o ciclo de vida do sistema estrutural em vigas laminadas pregadas produzido no assentamento rural Pirituba II, onde foram levantados os impactos gerados durante toda sua cadeia. Os resultados atingidos mostraram que a utilização da madeira em um processo de mutirão, com pré-fabricação em uma marcenaria coletiva, pode trazer impactos positivos, pois, além de ser um material renovável, é capaz de capturar do \'CO IND.2\' da atmosfera, gerar energia a partir de seus resíduos, gerar trabalho e renda e trazer melhorias na qualidade de vida dos mutirantes e da comunidade. O trabalho chega em uma análise de relações de ganhos e perdas da sustentabilidade, indicando os pontos de maior ou menor fragilidade nos processos e dimensões, possibilitando assim mudanças de postura frente a essas questões e auxiliando nas escolhas de sistemas construtivos mais sustentáveis. / This paper is enclosed in the discussion of a more sustainable building systems, seeking to study how the civil construction is acting out in the present time and offering alternatives to reduce its impacts. In the last decades this theme has been partially approached, with new technology propositions, however, without coming along with studies that assess the existing complex relations in the reality to solve these problems. The social, economical, political and cultural experiences usually not approached in most studies, mostly are the ones responsible for the current levels of consumerism and production of leftovers and emission, thus necessarily becoming the target of studies that connect them to the technical and environmental matters, regarding to the gains and losses of sustainability, to propose new building systems and procedures ables to bring up a more sustainable scenario in some contexts and dimension. The aim of this paper is to bring about and analyze the points of higher and lower sustainability in the structural roof system life cycle in nail-laminated wood beams made of 3rd class quality Pinus, in the environmental, social, economical, political and cultural dimensions, assessing its relations of gains and losses along the process. The work was divided in two big steps, having the first one step a bibliography revision, collecting data about the current sustainable methods and identifying their limits and potentialities, where it revealed that no studies has covered the different dimensions in a satisfactory way, focusing only on the environment. Following, to become closer to an acceptable multidimensional analysis, the life cycle assessment (LCA) was chosen as the most indicated method, connected to the Ethos indicators, the other raised variables from the literature and the new tool created to organize and viewing the data, resulting in the proposed method, the Multidimensional Life Cycle Assessment (MLCA). In the second step, it was used the method developed in the singular case study, the life cycle of the structural system of naillaminated beams, developed in the Pirituba II rural settlement, where the impact generated across the chain was raised. The achieved results showed that the use of wood in a cooperative process, with prefabricated parts in the cooperative carpentry workshop can bring positive impacts, since it is a renewable resource and also capable to capture \'CO IND.2\' from the atmosphere, to generate energy from its leftovers, creating works and revenues hence bringing quality of life for workers and the community. The work progresses to the analysis of relations in the sustainability gains and losses, suggesting the points of major or minor fragility in the process and dimensions, thus allowing changes of posture facing these matters and helping out in the choices of more sustainable building systems.

O trabalho está inserido no debate dos sistemas construtivos mais sustentáveis, procurando analisar a forma como a construção civil está atuando atualmente e propondo alternativas para minimização de seus impactos. Nas últimas décadas esse tema vem sendo abordado de forma parcial, com proposições de novas tecnologias, sem no entanto avançar nos estudos que procuram avaliar as complexas relações existentes na realidade para resolução desses problemas. As práticas sociais, econômicas, políticas e culturais, normalmente não abordadas na maioria dos estudos, muitas vezes são causadoras dos atuais níveis de consumo e produção de resíduos e emissões, devendo ser necessariamente estudadas de forma indissociável às questões tecnológicas e ambientais e em relações de ganhos e perdas de sustentabilidade, para que então se proponham novos sistemas construtivos e procedimentos, capazes de trazer um cenário mais sustentável em determinado contexto e dimensão. O objetivo do trabalho é levantar e analisar os pontos de maior e menor sustentabilidade do ciclo de vida do sistema estrutural de cobertura em vigas laminadas pregadas de madeira de Pinus de 3ª qualidade, nas dimensões ambiental, social, econômica, política e cultural, avaliando suas relações de ganhos e perdas ao longo do processo. O trabalho dividiu-se em duas grandes etapas, sendo que na primeira foi feita uma revisão bibliográfica, levantando os atuais métodos de sustentabilidade e identificando seus limites e potencialidades, na qual constatou-se que nenhum estudo abrangia as diferentes dimensões de forma satisfatória, concentrando-se apenas na ambiental. Em seguida, para se aproximar de uma análise pluridimensional de forma satisfatória, escolheu-se a avaliação do ciclo de vida (ACV) como método mais indicado, associando-o aos indicadores Ethos, a outras variáveis levantadas da literatura e a uma nova ferramenta criada para organização e visualização dos dados, resultando no método proposto, a Avaliação Pluridimensional do Ciclo de Vida (APCV). Na segunda etapa aplicou-se o método desenvolvido em um estudo de caso único, o ciclo de vida do sistema estrutural em vigas laminadas pregadas produzido no assentamento rural Pirituba II, onde foram levantados os impactos gerados durante toda sua cadeia. Os resultados atingidos mostraram que a utilização da madeira em um processo de mutirão, com pré-fabricação em uma marcenaria coletiva, pode trazer impactos positivos, pois, além de ser um material renovável, é capaz de capturar do \'CO IND.2\' da atmosfera, gerar energia a partir de seus resíduos, gerar trabalho e renda e trazer melhorias na qualidade de vida dos mutirantes e da comunidade. O trabalho chega em uma análise de relações de ganhos e perdas da sustentabilidade, indicando os pontos de maior ou menor fragilidade nos processos e dimensões, possibilitando assim mudanças de postura frente a essas questões e auxiliando nas escolhas de sistemas construtivos mais sustentáveis. / This paper is enclosed in the discussion of a more sustainable building systems, seeking to study how the civil construction is acting out in the present time and offering alternatives to reduce its impacts. In the last decades this theme has been partially approached, with new technology propositions, however, without coming along with studies that assess the existing complex relations in the reality to solve these problems. The social, economical, political and cultural experiences usually not approached in most studies, mostly are the ones responsible for the current levels of consumerism and production of leftovers and emission, thus necessarily becoming the target of studies that connect them to the technical and environmental matters, regarding to the gains and losses of sustainability, to propose new building systems and procedures ables to bring up a more sustainable scenario in some contexts and dimension. The aim of this paper is to bring about and analyze the points of higher and lower sustainability in the structural roof system life cycle in nail-laminated wood beams made of 3rd class quality Pinus, in the environmental, social, economical, political and cultural dimensions, assessing its relations of gains and losses along the process. The work was divided in two big steps, having the first one step a bibliography revision, collecting data about the current sustainable methods and identifying their limits and potentialities, where it revealed that no studies has covered the different dimensions in a satisfactory way, focusing only on the environment. Following, to become closer to an acceptable multidimensional analysis, the life cycle assessment (LCA) was chosen as the most indicated method, connected to the Ethos indicators, the other raised variables from the literature and the new tool created to organize and viewing the data, resulting in the proposed method, the Multidimensional Life Cycle Assessment (MLCA). In the second step, it was used the method developed in the singular case study, the life cycle of the structural system of naillaminated beams, developed in the Pirituba II rural settlement, where the impact generated across the chain was raised. The achieved results showed that the use of wood in a cooperative process, with prefabricated parts in the cooperative carpentry workshop can bring positive impacts, since it is a renewable resource and also capable to capture \'CO IND.2\' from the atmosphere, to generate energy from its leftovers, creating works and revenues hence bringing quality of life for workers and the community. The work progresses to the analysis of relations in the sustainability gains and losses, suggesting the points of major or minor fragility in the process and dimensions, thus allowing changes of posture facing these matters and helping out in the choices of more sustainable building systems.

Grande parte das moradias brasileiras apresenta coberturas inadequadas, conforme indicação de pesquisa sobre o deficit habitacional. A carpintaria dessas coberturas necessita de mão de obra qualificada e materiais de custos elevados, porém, na maioria dos casos ainda hoje utiliza processo construtivo artesanal. O objetivo deste trabalho é identificar quais as condições necessárias para viabilizar a produção de sistemas de cobertura adotando o processo de préfabricação com madeiras de florestas plantadas, em contextos com precariedades, como nos casos dos assentamentos rurais. Os estudos se concentraram em dois assentamentos rurais; no primeiro, Assentamento Rural Pirituba II no município de Itapeva - SP, foi desenvolvido o sistema de cobertura VLP (vigas laminadas pregadas) e empregado em 35 moradias; no segundo, Assentamento Rural Sepé Tiaraju localizado no município de Serra Azul - SP, foi desenvolvido o sistema de cobertura Painéis pré-fabricados e empregado em 67 moradias. A estratégia adotada para a coleta de dados do produto e do processo aconteceu ao longo da cadeia de produção dos sistemas de cobertura, começando pelo desenvolvimento do projeto, passando pela realidade social do assentamento até a aplicação das propostas em cada assentamento. O desenvolvimento e escolha da proposta elaborada utilizam o processo participativo com envolvimento direto das famílias em todo o processo. Os resultados obtidos permitem concluir que ambos os sistemas de cobertura pré-fabricados atendem às condições necessárias na redução de custos com materais e mão de obra melhorando a qualidade de acabamento dos sistemas de cobertura mesmo trabalhando em situações com precariedade de infraestrutura. A relevância da pesquisa está no fato de agregar valores não comuns às coberturas das habitações rurais possibilitando a replicação dos princípios adotados em situações semelhantes, mesmo que em contextos diferentes, demonstrando que a pré-fabricação com o processo participativo podem ser alternativas viáveis para comunidades organizadas. / There are many Brazilian houses with inadequate roofs, as indicated by research on the housing deficit. The traditional build-up roofs require skilled labor and expensive materials, made in a handmade construction process. The objective of this research is to identify the necessary conditions to enable the production of roof systems by adopting the pre-fabrication with soft-wood from reforestations, to be applied in precarious situations, such as are found in rural settlements. The studies focused on two rural settlements. At the first, in the Pirituba II (Itapeva SP, Brazil), it was designed the roof system NLB (nailed laminated beams) which covered 35 houses. In another context, the Sepé Tiaraju, located in the municipality of Serra Azul SP (Brazil), it was designed the roof system in prefabricated wood panels, applied in 67 houses. The strategy for collecting data about the product and the process occurred throughout the production chain of roofing systems, starting with the participatory design, through the found social reality, to implementation of proposals in each rural settlement. The development and selection of the proposed solutions counted with the direct involvement of the families throughout the process. With the results it is concluded that both prefabricated roof systems meet the conditions of cost reductions of materials and labor, improving the quality of the finish of the roof system, even when working in situations with precarious infrastructure. The relevance of this research is to add not common value to the roof of rural housing, enabling the replication of the principles in similar situations and demonstrating that the prefabrication and participatory design can be viable alternatives to organized communities.

The Master’s thesis deals a project documentation of a new multifunctional building. The building is a detached. It is the three-storeyed build with attic and cellared. There are 12 flats, 2 surgeries and 6 garages. The surgeries are in the ground floor. The building is built from a Heluz system and walls are isolated by a contact thermal insulation system ETICS. Roof is a cross roof.

The diploma thesis focuses on the creation of a marketing strategy proposal for the company Dach system s.r.o. The thesis is standardly split into the theoretical, practical and propositional part. The theoretical part contains an overview and research of selected resources and the practical part, being rooted in the aim of the paper itself, focuses on the analysis of external and internal environment of the company. Bearing in mind the current activities of the company, the propositional part introduces upon the basis of the results of the particular analyses detailed solution proposals, which will lead to a further development of the company and to an increase in its competitiveness.