The presented thesis deals with the monitoring sensory quality of processed cheese analogues, focusing mainly on the taste (flavour) and related content of volatile (aroma active) substances. Model samples of analogues were produced by a standard procedure at Tomas Bata University in Zlín. The experimental part was divided into two experiments, which differed in the composition of model samples of analogues. In the first experiment, the traditional fat (butter) was completely replaced by selected vegetable fats (palm, coconut, mixed), in the second experiment only a part (1% w/w - expressed on the total weight of the sample) of butter was replaced by vegetable oils (apricot, flax seed, currant, grape seed). Solid phase microextraction in conjunction with gas chromatography with flame ionization detection was used to determine volatiles. Methods based on valid international standards were used to evaluate the sensory quality of samples, focusing mainly on flavor, namely evaluation using scales (ISO 4121), profile test (EN ISO 13299) and ranking test (ISO 8587). The aim of the work was to assess the effect of the addition of various vegetable fats/oils on the above parameters, at the same time their changes were monitored during 6 months of storage (at 6 ° C). The results showed that the vegetable oil used affects both the sensory quality and the content and composition of volatile substances of analogues. Significant differences between samples were mainly in taste, aroma and overall acceptability. The decreasing overall acceptability of the samples can be expressed in experiment I by the order: product with butter coconut palm mixed fat; in the case of experiment II: product with butter apricot = flax = grape currant oil. Mixed fat, currant and grape seed oil proved to be unsuitable for the production of analogues, on the contrary, analogues with coconut fat and apricot oil were evaluated best. Based on the results of sensory analyses, it was shown that the samples maintain a good sensory quality min. for 3 months while maintaining a low storage temperature ( 6 ° C). An analogue with coconut fat, whose taste, aroma and acceptability were rated as very good, and apricot oil, whose taste, aroma and acceptability were even rated as excellent, could enrich the food offer on the market.

In the assessment of the environment pollution level, bio indicators of vegetable or animal origin are often used. Bio indicators include also needles and moss. The samples of moss and needles taken in different locations in the Czech Republic were examined to find out the presence of xenobiotics of polychlorine biphenyls and polybromide diphenylethers types. Selected analytes have been extracted from the matrix by hexan. Extracts have been refined using column chromatography on mixed florisil/silicagel sorbent. To analysis of selected compounds, GC/ECD method has been chosen. Based on our results a comparison of the contamination level in individual locations was enabled.

This work deals with persepective environmentally friendly electroinsulating liquids. Important properties of currently used electroinsulating liquids are listed. Physical nature of viscosity of liquids and its temperature dependance are described and methods of its measuring are listed. Also temperature dependance of density is described from physical point of view. Measurement of density and of temperature dependance of viscosity of chosen vegetable and mineral oils was performed. On the basis of this measurement was calulated the activation energy of these samples. Two methods of dynamic viscosity measurement were used for some samples.

In thesis was verified micromethod for isolation of plant DNA from different vegetable (onion and broccoli) and plant food products in quality for application in polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The micromethod allows isolation DNA using magnetic particles from crude lysates of cells obtained by direct homogenization of plant tissues. Various methods of processing homogenates were compared. Homogenization was performed by lysis buffer containing cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). The effect of the organic extraction agents was tested (chloroform-octanol and isopropanol). DNA was purified from homogenates by reversible adsorption on magnetic particles (four different types of magnetic particles were tested). The quality of isolated DNA was verified by UV spectrophotometry. The amplificabilty of DNA was tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Specific primers for plant ribosomal DNA (rDNA) were used. PCR products of lenght 700 and 220 bp were detected by agarose gel electrophoresis. Differences in yield and quality of DNA were depended on the homogenate processing and magnetic particles used. The proposed procedure with two magnetic particles was tested for the isolation DNA from plan food products (spreads). DNA was amplified in PCR. Micromethod is suitable for DNA analysis of foods.

My PhD thesis is focused on study of plant-soil interactions. Chapter 1 is focused on general introduction to the interactions between plants and soil biota in terms of relationships between soil organisms and aboveground biomass as well as root biomass. Chapter 2 is focused on food interaction of Folsomia candida and soil microscopic fungi (Penicillium chrysogenum, Penicillium expansum, Absidia glauca, and Cladosporium herbarum). Fungi were grown separately on Petri dishes or on different litter type (oak, alder and willow) separately as well. Laboratory experiments showed that food preference was more influenced by different litter types than fungal species. In chapter 3 was studied long-term production of hybrid sorrel and its effect on the composition of the soil meso and macrofauna, basal soil respiration, microbial biomass and composition of cultivable fraction of soil microscopic fungi in comparison with oilseed rape and cultural meadow. There was found that long-term production of hybrid sorrel affects the composition of soil fauna, while the microbial activity of the soil was more affected by agriculture practices, especially tillage. In chapter 4 was studied the effect of native (Salix viminialis and Phalaris arudinacea) and introduced (Reynoutria sachalinensis, Silphium perfoliatum and...

In this diploma thesis current state of vegetation cover was analyzed after spring flood in 2006 on the lower section of the Sázava river. Immediately after the flood there were 38 sites with alluvial deposits identified in the floodplain. The differences in species composition and species diversity between sites with alluvial deposits and sites without deposits were analyzed. The data were collected by using phytosociological relevés in pairs i.e. - plot with an alluvial deposit and plot without. There were 86 vascular plant species recorded out of which 10 species were non-native but not invasive species and 7 species were non-native invasive species. Results of this thesis revealed that species composition and diversity of invasive species differ between plots with alluvial deposits and plots without alluvial deposits. Moreover, plots without alluvial deposits host more invasive species. Keywords: vegetation succession, river floodplain, extreme floods, species diversity, plant invasion

Archaeobotanical data are often a mixture of material of different origins. The formation process of archaeobotanical records can often be different. Hence it is important to understand the structure of these fossil records before the data are used for various reconstructions and interpretations. The aim of my diploma thesis is to identify the taphonomic causes of differences between synanthropic species from different archaeological sites using plant traits. The greatest differences between sets of species in archaeobotanical situations are due to the way of preservation, ie. between charred and non-charred (waterlogged) macro-remains. My diploma thesis is based on data from the Archaeobotanical database of the Czech Republic. I focused on the Middle Ages, which is the best period in terms of the number of species and the number of sites. Using multidimensional analyses, I examined the structure of archaeobotanical data and then selected a relevant dataset to examine the differences in species composition between different types of conservation. After that I correlated the results with the species traits. I found that the structure of archaeobotanical data is very heterogeneous. In each of the two types of conservation, different species are preserved. These species are characterized by a...

The thesis deals with beneficial omega-3 fatty acids, particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and their beneficial effects on health. Characteristics, properties and appearance of omega-3 fatty acids may explain some of the mechanisms of their effects on human health manifested not only in the treatment and mitigation of some non-infectious diseases of mass occurrence, but especially in the area of preventive action. Theoretic information used in the first part of this work was obtained from scientific and professional publications and periodicals searched in domestic and international databases of scientific and specialist literature. The part of data collection and analysis compares the intake of omega-3 acids in the form of fish dishes prepared for children in the first half of elementary school, aged 7 to 10 years, in randomly selected school canteens or contracted catering in the European Union with the recommendations of Decree 107/2005 Sb. Ministry of Education.

Rhabdoviridae family viruses attacking the plant hosts were only described at the angiosperms. In this work, a gymnosperm rhabdoviridae infection was described for the first time ever ? specifically at Ginkgo biloba. Even though there were not observed any kinds of obvious infection symptoms on any of randomly chosen plant samples, through the molecular methods and detection primers the rhabdoviridae infection was proved at six of the plant samples. The acquired nucleotide and amino acid sequences, which were compared with the GenBank sequences, confirm the Rhabdoviridae family viruses occurrence. These given sequences demonstrated a certain analogy with a Strawberry crinkle virus assigned to the genus of Cytorhabdoviruses. The analyses proved a different reciprocal homology among the nucleotide sequences of the individual isolates, and in all likelihood an occurrence of two up to now unknown viruses in the Ginkgo biloba samples was proved for the first time. A definite categorization will be dependent on an acquisition and comparison of other sequences from the isolates genome and also on certain biological characteristics observation.

The presented master thesis is focused on an integration of plant alkaloids' curriculum into education process at eight-year grammar schools or their equivalent at primary and secondary schools. The aims of the thesis are to provide a basic data about plant alkaloids, to specify an integration of the plant alkaloids into the curricular documents and to select specific and suitable methods for teaching of the alkaloid topic at schools. These teaching methods were practically verified at the Karel Čapek's Grammar School at Dobříš by using author's proposals of the school lesson, the project teaching and laboratory exercises. In the terms of benefits for students, it has been verified that the teaching of plant alkaloids using the teaching project and the laboratory exercises, can be performed more efficiently than those during an "ordinary" school lesson. Key words: plant alkaloids, teaching methods, teaching lesson, project method, laboratory exercise, biology, chemistry