<p><em>Determining bumpiness and inclination of surfaces is very important in many different areas, such as airports and at constructions sites. In this study, a surveying trolley and a remote controlled (RC) car were used to determine the bumpiness of two different surfaces. The aim with this study was to test the accuracy of a surveying trolley and an RC car to see how the accuracy can be increased with different observation methods. Total station, GPS and laser scanner surveying equipments were used, and all observations obtained by them were analysed. The laser scanner data was found to have the best precision. For that reason, it was accepted as the “true” data and it was used for comparing and evaluating other methods. It was found that the trolley and the RC car provided good height information with total stations and they were corresponding to the laser scanner data. When they were used with GPS, the accuracy was much lower. It was concluded that using two total stations is not increasing the accuracy, the RC car and the trolley are good measuring methods but not capable to inspect 1,2 mm tolerance for the floors, and finally, 2-3 cm positioning accuracy is obtainable when using GPS.</em></p>

Determining bumpiness and inclination of surfaces is very important in many different areas, such as airports and at constructions sites. In this study, a surveying trolley and a remote controlled (RC) car were used to determine the bumpiness of two different surfaces. The aim with this study was to test the accuracy of a surveying trolley and an RC car to see how the accuracy can be increased with different observation methods. Total station, GPS and laser scanner surveying equipments were used, and all observations obtained by them were analysed. The laser scanner data was found to have the best precision. For that reason, it was accepted as the “true” data and it was used for comparing and evaluating other methods. It was found that the trolley and the RC car provided good height information with total stations and they were corresponding to the laser scanner data. When they were used with GPS, the accuracy was much lower. It was concluded that using two total stations is not increasing the accuracy, the RC car and the trolley are good measuring methods but not capable to inspect 1,2 mm tolerance for the floors, and finally, 2-3 cm positioning accuracy is obtainable when using GPS.

This thesis examines the impact of spillway surface roughness on discharge capacity determination in hydraulic models. The study combines physical hydraulic modeling in a laboratory with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modeling using Fluent. The aim is to evaluate the effect of material roughness on spillway discharge determination for prototype spillways and outlets. The project includes a literature review, data collection, 3D modeling, model setup, numerical modeling, result analysis, comparison with other reports, and report writing. The results concluded that varying roughness heights as well as changing turbulence model and mesh settings did not significantly impact the final discharge (kg/s) at steady state. P-values less than 1e-7 for the average discharge at flowtime of [150 − tfinal[s]] suggests strong confidence in the statistical insignificance of varying roughness height affecting the discharge.

Doctoral thesis in detail and comprehensively deals with mechanic of incipient bedload motion for gravel-bed rivers. This study based on theoretical knowledge, experimental researches, numerical models and field survey extends present knowledge concerning with incipient bedload motion and sediment transport at small relative height and hydraulically rough surface bed for turbulent unaerated free surface flow. Incipient bedload motion and sediment transport have been determined for homogeneous and inhomogeneous bed materials. For homogeneous bed material the velocity profiles have been described by different methods in near the bed. Further, hydraulic flow resistance has been evaluated. In the case of inhomogeneous bed material, static armouring and influence of surface layer sorting on hydraulic roughness have been investigated. The correctness of obtained knowledge has been confirmed on the object of nature-inspired river widening. Results shown, among others, that incipient bedload motion does not depend on relative height or final armouring of surface layer to what extend hydraulic roughness is influenced.