Com o final da Idade do Bronze na Grécia Continental se tornou possível vislumbrar uma série de mudanças que afetaram o modo de vida de toda sociedade grega. Neste trabalho pretendemos estudar como as formas arquitetônicas registraram essas mudanças e quais interpretações são possíveis de serem formuladas a partir do registro arqueológico e análises das fontes textuais. Será dado destaque aos sentidos da monumentalidade em edificações de usufruto coletivo. O momento em questão abrange os séculos XII - VIII e as estruturas estudadas serão as Casas de Chefe com particular ênfase na função que possuíam, sua arquitetura e de que maneira sucederam os palácios da época Micênica. / With the end of the Bronze Age Continental Greece became possible to envisage a series of changes that have affected the way of life of the entire Greek society. In this paper we intend to study how architectural forms recorded these changes and interpretations which are possible to be made from the archaeological record and analysis of the textual sources. Emphasis will be placed to the senses of the monumentality in buildings of collective usufruct. The moment in question covers the centuries XII - VIII and the studied structures will be the Rulers\' Dwellings with particular emphasis on the function that had, its architecture and how succeeded the palaces of the Mycenaean era.

Com o final da Idade do Bronze na Grécia Continental se tornou possível vislumbrar uma série de mudanças que afetaram o modo de vida de toda sociedade grega. Neste trabalho pretendemos estudar como as formas arquitetônicas registraram essas mudanças e quais interpretações são possíveis de serem formuladas a partir do registro arqueológico e análises das fontes textuais. Será dado destaque aos sentidos da monumentalidade em edificações de usufruto coletivo. O momento em questão abrange os séculos XII - VIII e as estruturas estudadas serão as Casas de Chefe com particular ênfase na função que possuíam, sua arquitetura e de que maneira sucederam os palácios da época Micênica. / With the end of the Bronze Age Continental Greece became possible to envisage a series of changes that have affected the way of life of the entire Greek society. In this paper we intend to study how architectural forms recorded these changes and interpretations which are possible to be made from the archaeological record and analysis of the textual sources. Emphasis will be placed to the senses of the monumentality in buildings of collective usufruct. The moment in question covers the centuries XII - VIII and the studied structures will be the Rulers\' Dwellings with particular emphasis on the function that had, its architecture and how succeeded the palaces of the Mycenaean era.

Cette étude vise à analyser une série d’édifices connus sous le nom de « temples à foyer central » en Égée, à Chypre et au Levant, de la fin de l'Âge du Bronze à l'Archaïsme. Il s'agit essentiellement d' une étude architecturale et artefactuelle portant sur un type de construction souvent interprété comme l'habitat des élites durant la période dite des « Âges obscurs ». La présence d'un foyer-autel, comme point focal du culte, au sein de ces constructions, invite à considérer qu'ils ont un rôle non négligeable dans la genèse du temple grec. D’un bout à l’autre de notre cadre d’étude, ces édifices témoignent de salles de banquets destinées aux rituels des élites, dont l’action centrale réside dans la pratique du sacrifice animal. Ces pièces, souvent multifonctionnelles à plus d’un titre, donnent naissance aux premiers « temples des citoyens » dans le contexte des poleis crétoises. Ces testimonia se trouvent ici répertoriés dans un catalogue exhaustif, prenant en compte également les objets qui y étaient associés. La réflexion s’organise autour d’une première partie qui permet de remettre en question la nomenclature qui sert à l’analyse de ces monuments, avant de traiter la question des antécédents de cette forme architecturale à la fin de l’Âge du bronze pour chaque aire géographique concernée. Le chapitre suivant examine la dimension symbolique du feu dans ces civilisations, incarné dans l’Antiquité grecque par Hestia, la déesse du foyer, ainsi que son rôle sur le plan des institutions politiques (andreia, prytanées, etc.). La question des phénomènes d’influences, de syncrétismes religieux entre ces différentes régions de la Méditerranée est explorée dans le chapitre suivant, tant sur le plan de la culture matérielle (exotica, influences architecturales) que des croyances religieuses. Enfin un chapitre synthétise l’ensemble des données et des problématiques architecturales liées à ces édifices, auquel correspond une série de tableaux. / The aim of this study is to investigate a series of edifices found in the Aegean, on Cyprus and in the East dating from the end of the Bronze Age through to the Archaic Period and collectively referred to as ‘Hearth Temples’. The study is centered on an evaluation of the architecture and artefacts relating to a type of building often thought to have constituted elite housing from the so- called Dark Ages. The presence of a hearth/altar in the centre of these constructions, which served as a religious focal point, suggests that they played a significant role in the genesis of the Greek temple. Within the timeframe of this study, these buildings display banquet halls designed for elite rituals and in which the main activity was the practice of animal sacrifice. These rooms, often serving multiple functions, gave rise to the first ‘citizen temples’ within the context of Cretan poleis. The relevant testimonia are listed here in an exhaustive catalogue that also takes into account relevant object finds. The first part of the study concerns itself with a re- evaluation of the nomenclature associated with these monuments, before analyzing the antecedents to this type of architecture at the end of the Bronze Age and for each of the geographical regions in question. The following chapter questions the symbolic dimension of fire in these civilizations, incarnated in Greek antiquity by Hestia, the goddess of the hearth, as well as by her role in political institutions (andreia, prytaneis etc.). In the next chapter, the mutual influence these different Mediterranean regions had on each other is explored, both in terms of material culture (exotica, architectural influence) and in terms of religious beliefs (religious syncretism). The final chapter brings together all of the findings and summarizes the architectural problems associated with these buildings, for which a series of tables is also included.