In terms of a considerable increase the quality of characterization of tight-gas reservoirs, the aim of the present thesis was (i) an accurate representation of specific conditions in a reservoir simulation model, induced after the hydraulic fracturing or as a result of the underbalanced drilling procedure and (ii) performing the history match on a basis of real field data to calibrate the generated model by identifying the main model parameters and to investigate the different physical mechanisms, e.g. multiphase flow phenomena, affecting the well production performance. Due to the complexity of hydrocarbon reservoirs and the simplified nature of the numerical model, the study of the inverse problems in the stochastic framework provides capabilities using diagnostic statistics to quantify a quality of calibration and reliability of parameter estimates. As shown in the present thesis the statistical criteria for model selection may help the modelers to determine an appropriate level of parameterization and one would like to have as good an approximation of structure of the system as the information permits.