Thesis (Ph. D.)--Catholic University of America. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 111-117) and index.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Hong Kong, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 52-54).

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Hong Kong, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 52-54). Also available in print.

Thèse (M.A.)--Université Laval, 1996. / Bibliogr.: f. 99-101. Publié aussi en version électronique.

Submitted by Verena Bastos (verena@uefs.br) on 2015-08-04T14:26:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 disserta??o Fabiana K. A. Am?rico.pdf: 1331974 bytes, checksum: 56c0ac8b81ccdb98f55ecb07f21ebfc1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-04T14:26:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 disserta??o Fabiana K. A. Am?rico.pdf: 1331974 bytes, checksum: 56c0ac8b81ccdb98f55ecb07f21ebfc1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-27 / The forage species of Stylosanthes and its adaptation to different environments have increased demand on the seed trade, which requires accurate information for your use. For the study of seeds conservation is necessary prior knowledge of physiological characteristics and their environmental requirements. The goal this work were establish appropriate conditions of temperature and substrate in germination tests and evaluate the germination of seeds of S. capitata, S. scabra and S. viscosa subjected to different times and storage environments to conservation. The tests were performed in the laboratory of Germination at Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana-UEFS, Feira de Santana-BA. The temperature tested were: 25, 30 and 20-30 ?C and the substrates were on paper (P), roll paper (RP) and commercial Biomix. To evaluate the behavior in conservation, Stylosanthes seeds were stored for 12 months at room temperature (lab), refrigerator, in freezer and in liquid nitrogen. The species S. capitata, S. scabra and S. viscosa showed variability regarding germination. The seeds germination of S. capitata was improved at on paper and temperatures 30 ?C constant and 20-30 ?C alternating. For S. scabra and S. viscosa seeds were recommended the roll paper at room temperature (25 ?C). Seeds of Stylosanthes respond differently to the conditions of storage and germination tests. S. capitata seeds seem to be more tolerant of the storage conditions, remaining vigorous for 12 months. Besides the physical dormancy, seeds of the S. scabra e S. viscosa it seems put forward the physiological dormancy and the maintenance of seeds in controlled laboratory conditions increased the ability of germination, but with reduced vigor. / O potencial forrageiro das esp?cies de Stylosanthes e sua adapta??o a diferentes ambientes t?m aumentado a demanda no com?rcio de sementes, o que exige informa??es precisas para seu uso. Para o estudo de conserva??o em esp?cies de leguminosas forrageiras do Semi?rido brasileiro, ? necess?rio o conhecimento pr?vio de suas caracter?sticas fisiol?gicas e suas exig?ncias ambientais. Considerando a import?ncia forrageira das esp?cies para o semi?rido nordestino, objetivou-se com esse trabalho estabelecer as condi??es adequadas de temperatura e substrato em testes de germinabilidade e avaliar a germina??o de sementes de S. capitata, S. scabra e S. viscosa submetidas a diferentes tempos e ambientes de armazenamento visando ? conserva??o. Os ensaios foram realizados no Laborat?rio de Germina??o da Unidade Experimental do Horto Florestal da Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana ? UEFS, Feira de Santana-BA. Para testar a influ?ncia de diferentes temperaturas e substratos, as sementes de Stylosanthes foram submetidas a testes em c?mara de germina??o regulada a temperaturas de 25, 30 e 20-30 ?C e aos substratos sobre papel (SP), rolo de papel (RP) e substrato comercial Biomix. Para avaliar o comportamento na conserva??o, as sementes de Stylosanthes foram armazenadas por 12 meses em temperatura ambiente (laborat?rio), geladeira, em freezer e em nitrog?nio l?quido. As esp?cies S. capitata, S. scabra e S. viscosa apresentaram variabilidade quanto a germinabilidade. Para a germina??o em sementes de S. capitata o mais indicado ? o uso do substrato SP nas temperaturas de 30 ?C constante e 20-30 ?C alternada. Para S. scabra e S. viscosa recomenda-se a utiliza??o do substrato RP na temperatura de 25 ?C constante. Sementes de Stylosanthes respondem diferentemente ?s condi??es de armazenamento e aos testes de germinabilidade. As sementes de S. capitata parecem ser mais tolerantes as condi??es de armazenamento, mantendo-se vigorosas por um per?odo de 12 meses. Sementes de S. scabra e S. viscosa, al?m da dorm?ncia tegumentar demonstram ter uma dorm?ncia fisiol?gica e a manuten??o das sementes em condi??es n?o controladas de laborat?rio aumentam a capacidade de germina??o, por?m com tend?ncia de redu??o do vigor.

No description available.

Nas últimas décadas, o grande avanço da ciência e tecnologia com suas invenções, novos materiais, equipamentos e métodos gerou a necessidade da criação de novos nomes, chamados aqui de termos, e alterações nos seus significados, para nomear adequadamente esses avanços, principalmente em áreas dinâmicas como a Ciência da Computação, a Genética e a Medicina. Dado que o desenvolvimento de repertórios terminológicos é um trabalho difícil quando realizado manualmente, lingüistas computacionais, lingüistas aplicados, tradutores, intérpretes, jornalistas científicos têm se interessado pela extração automática de terminologias (EAT) de textos. O crescimento explosivo de dados do tipo texto disponíveis na Web foi um fator contribuinte para a facilidade na construção de córpus eletrônicos de textos técnicos e científicos, propiciando a implementação de métodos de EAT. A EAT tem sido de grande interesse para todos os tipos de aplicações do Processamento de Línguas Naturais (PLN) que trabalham com domínios especializados e que, conseqüentemente, necessitam de um vocabulário especial. O objetivo desse projeto de mestrado foi avaliar métodos de EAT para o português do Brasil, ainda carente do tratamento automatizado para a criação de terminologias. Especificamente, foram implementados e avaliados métodos de EAT das abordagens estatística, lingüística e híbrida para unigramas, bigramas e trigramas a partir de um córpus de textos do domínio de Revestimentos Cerâmicos. Esses métodos empregam recursos simples como (a) uma stoplist para eliminar palavras como advérbios, (b) padrões sintáticos para os termos do domínio, por exemplo &ltsubstantivo adjetivo&gt, &ltsubstantivo preposição adjetivo&gt, levantados após a aplicação de um etiquetador Part-Of-Speech, (c) uma lista de expressões e palavras características de definições, descrições, classificações como 'definido(a)(s) como', 'caracterizado(a)', 'conhecido(a)(s) como', 'significa(m)', entre outras que são concentradoras de termos. As medidas estatísticas utilizadas nos métodos estatísticos e híbridos para indicar a relevância de termos no domínio são a informação mútua, o log-likelihood, o coeficiente dice e a freqüência. Os métodos propostos foram avaliados pelas medidas de precisão, revocação e medida F, utilizando uma lista de referência da área de Revestimentos Cerâmicos. Os melhores resultados da precisão são do método híbrido para unigramas (7%), bigramas (17%) e trigramas (26%), enquanto que a revocação é melhor nos métodos puramente lingüísticos tanto para unigramas (95%) como para bigramas (90%) e trigramas (100%). Os melhores valores da medida F foram dos métodos híbridos (11%, 17% e 33% para uni, bi e trigramas, respectivamente). Esses valores, embora tenham se apresentado os mais relevantes, foram bastante inferiores àqueles normalmente encontrados na literatura que trata da EAT, cujo desempenho obtido para essa tarefa fica em torno de 60%. Esses valores motivam a busca e implementação de métodos mais avançados para tratar o português, bem como a obtenção de recursos mais elaborados, a fim de encontrar resultados mais significantes para essa tarefa, facilitando, conseqüentemente o trabalho do especialista da área, que vai analisar os candidatos a termos extraídos pelos métodos automáticos, visto que é possível fornecer a ele informações mais precisas (poucas palavras da língua geral) e completas (uma maior quantidade de termos) sobre o córpus considerado. / During the last decades, the great advance in science and technology and their inventions, new materials, equipment and methods had as one result the necessity of creation of new names, called here terms, and alterations on their meanings, to name adequately these advances, mainly in areas as Computer Science, Genetics and Medicine. Considering that the development of terminological lists is an arduous work if manually executed, computational linguists, applied linguists, translators, interpreters and scientific journalists have been interested on automatic extraction of terminologies (AET) from texts. The sudden growing of data available on the Web was a contributing factor to facilitate the construction of electronic corpus of technical and scientific texts, providing implementation of AET methods. AET is very important for every sort of Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications that works on specialized domains and, consequently, needs special vocabulary. The purpose of this MS project was to evaluate AET methods for Brazilian Portuguese particularly, which is a language still in need of development of automatic treatment for terminology. Specifically, AET methods with statistic, linguistic and hybrid approaches were implemented and evaluated for unigrams, bigrams and trigrams for a corpus of texts in the domain of Ceramic Tiles. These methods use simple resources as (a) stoplist to eliminate words as adverbs, (b) syntactic patterns for terms from the domain, as, for instance, &ltsubstantive adjective&gt, &ltsubstantive preposition adjective&gt, considered after the application of a tagger Part-Of-Speech, (c) list of expressions and words typical of definitions, descriptions and classifications, like, for instance, 'defined as', 'characterized as', 'known as', 'that means', among others that concentrate terms. The statistic measures used by statistic and hybrid methods to indicate the terms relevance in the domain are mutual information, log-likelihood, dice coefficient, and frequency. The methods proposed were evaluated by precision, recall and F-measure, using a reference list in the area of Ceramic Tiles. The best results for precision are from the hybrid method for unigrams (7%), bigrams (17%) and trigrams (26%), while for recall the best results are from purely linguistic methods for unigrams (95%) as well as for bigrams (90%) and trigrams (100%). The best values for F-measure are from hybrid methods (11%, 17% and 33% for uni, bi and trigrams, respectively). These values, although presented as the most relevant ones, were quite inferior when compared to those commonly found in the literature concerned with AET, whose performance obtained for this task is around 60%. These values motivate the search and implementation of more advanced methods for Portuguese treatment, as well as the obtainment of more elaborated resources, in order to find more significant results for this task. In this way, the work of analysis of possible terms extracted by automatic methods done by the specialist of the area becomes much easier, since it is possible to provide him/her more precise (few word from general language) and complete (greater number of terms) information about the corpus under consideration.

<p>An analysis of the recorded cases of Salmonella in Sweden indicates that there was no significant increase between 1997-2008, including or excluding outbreaks. The most common serotypes of Salmonella in Sweden were found to be S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis, with only the incidence of S. Typhimurium significantly increasing between 1997-2008. The most common phage types identified were S. Typhimurium 40, 104, NST and NT, with both S. Typhimurium NST and NT found to be significantly increasing. The season that has the greatest incidence of salmonellosis is the summer, from June to August. The number of Salmonella outbreaks occurring each year was found to be statistically increasing, this was however almost certainly due to a change in cluster detection techniques introduced in 2008, since a re-analysis excluding this year found no significant increase between 1997-2007. The most common serotypes that caused outbreaks during the study period were found to be S. Typhimurium, S Enteritidis, S. Saintpaul, S. Stanley and S. Hadar. There was no relationship found between the serotypes, with the number of cases not being proportional to the number of outbreaks. Despite these positive results, it should be of concern that evidence was found indicating that the sources of Salmonella infection appear to be changing, with an increase in the presence of ‘non-domestic’ serotypes.</p><p> </p>

An analysis of the recorded cases of Salmonella in Sweden indicates that there was no significant increase between 1997-2008, including or excluding outbreaks. The most common serotypes of Salmonella in Sweden were found to be S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis, with only the incidence of S. Typhimurium significantly increasing between 1997-2008. The most common phage types identified were S. Typhimurium 40, 104, NST and NT, with both S. Typhimurium NST and NT found to be significantly increasing. The season that has the greatest incidence of salmonellosis is the summer, from June to August. The number of Salmonella outbreaks occurring each year was found to be statistically increasing, this was however almost certainly due to a change in cluster detection techniques introduced in 2008, since a re-analysis excluding this year found no significant increase between 1997-2007. The most common serotypes that caused outbreaks during the study period were found to be S. Typhimurium, S Enteritidis, S. Saintpaul, S. Stanley and S. Hadar. There was no relationship found between the serotypes, with the number of cases not being proportional to the number of outbreaks. Despite these positive results, it should be of concern that evidence was found indicating that the sources of Salmonella infection appear to be changing, with an increase in the presence of ‘non-domestic’ serotypes.

Thesis (M.A.)--Trinity International University, 2001. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 116-125).