60% of primates in the world are threatened with extinction, while 75% have declining populations. The biggest threats to primates are the result of human activity. In this study, I have been looking at the primate Spix’s Saddleback tamarin (Leontocebus fuscicollis) and tried to estimate the home range size of four different study groups, while also trying to assess if there are differences in the type of trees in the areas where the tamarins are present compared to where they are absent. I have also compared the behaviour of the four different study groups. The data was collected in the Tambopata nature reserve in the Madre de Dios region in Peru during the summer of 2022, with the help and support from the research organisation Fauna Forever. To complement the observations, previously collected data from 2019-2021 was also used. The tamarins were followed using a group follow method, and the behaviour was noted every 10 minutes using an instantaneous scan sampling method. The tree composition data was gathered from previously created tree plots, made by the Fauna Forever staff. I found that the home range sizes of the four study groups varied between 2.6 ha and 17.9 ha. The data from the tree plots showed no statistically significant difference in where the tamarins chose to live. There was also no statistically significant difference between the four study groups in behaviour, except for how high up in the trees they groups spent their time. There was a lack of good data in this study, due to time- and material constraints, but overall the home ranges were of close to similar size as earlier studies, and the behaviour of the tamarins was in general also consistent with earlier studies. More research would be needed to answer the further questions that arose during this study concerning the ecological constraints of the tamarins home range.

Many countries in the global south - which harbour the majority of the world’s biodiversity - face serious resource limitations and a lack of access to affordable sequencing services. Furthermore, biodiversity research and monitoring of non-model, threatened and/or cryptic species often relies on low-quality non-invasive genetic samples. In situ conservation genomics approaches optimised for field conditions and low-quality DNA can help empower local researchers and meet their needs. To do so, however, accessible and reproducible sequencing and genotyping alternatives are needed. I designed a SNP panel as a field-friendly genotyping approach for two species of Amazonian primates using both high- and low-quality DNA samples, and two different sequencing platforms, Illumina and Nanopore. I used 14 high-quality genomes to identify a set of 210 SNPs that allow for identification of species (twelve SNPs), sex (twelve SNPs) and individual identity (186 SNPs) in two species of tamarins, Leontocebus weddelli and Saguinus imperator. Primers, adapters and indexes were designed in a Genotyping-in-Thousands by sequencing approach that is compatible with both sequencing platforms. This approach is based on sequencing multiplexed PCR products of a few hundred target SNPs to genotype thousands of individuals in a single sequencing run. In an effort to make conservation genomics more accessible, the reproducible pipeline to obtain the informative SNPs is being modulated with Snakemake, a workflow management system. / Muchos países en el sur global - los cuales poseen la mayoría de la biodiversidad mundial - enfrentan serias limitaciones de recursos y una falta de acceso a servicios económicos de secuenciación. Con frecuencia, la investigación y el monitoreo de biodiversidad y especies no-modelo, amenazadas y/o crípticas, dependen de muestras genéticas no-invasivas de baja calidad. La genómica de la conservación in situ optimizada para condiciones de campo y ADN de baja calidad puede empoderar a investigadorxs locales y ayudarles a responder a sus necesidades. Para ello, sin embargo, se requieren alternativas accesibles y reproducibles de secuenciación y genotipado. Diseñé un panel de SNPs como una aproximación de genotipado apta para el campo y dirigida a dos especies de primates amazónicos con el uso de ADN de baja y alta calidad, y dos plataformas de secuenciación (Illumina y Nanopore). Usé 14 genomas de alta calidad para encontrar 210 SNPs que permiten la identificación de la especie (doce SNPs), del sexo (doce SNPs) y de la identidad individual (186 SNPs) en dos especies de pichicos, Leontocebus weddelli y Saguinus imperator. Los cebadores, adaptadores e índices fueron diseñados con un enfoque de Genotyping-in-Thousands by sequencing (Genotipado en los miles por secuenciación) que es compatible con ambas plataformas de secuenciación. Este método está basado en la secuenciación de productos de PCR multiplexados de unos cientos de SNPs para genotipar miles de individuos en una sola corrida de secuenciación. En un intento de mejorar la accesibilidad de la genómica de la conservación, el proceso reproducible para obtener a los SNPs informativos está siendo modulado con Snakemake, un sistema de manejo de flujos de trabajo.