Thesis. 1978. M.S.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Chemical Engineering. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND SCIENCE. / Bibliography: leaves 123-126. / M.S.

Typescript (photocopy). / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

Typescript. / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

Thesis. 1978. Ph.D.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Nuclear Engineering. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND SCIENCE. / Includes bibliographical references. / by David C. Aldrich. / Ph.D.

by Yooh Ji Heng. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 119-128). / Appendix in Chinese. / Chapter I --- Synchronization of Multi-carrier CDMA Signals --- p.1 / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1 --- Spread Spectrum CDMA --- p.4 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Direct Sequence/SS-CDMA --- p.5 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Frequency Hopping/SS-CDMA --- p.5 / Chapter 1.1.3 --- Pseudo-noise Sequence --- p.6 / Chapter 1.2 --- Synchronization for CDMA signal --- p.7 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Acquisition of PN Sequence --- p.7 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Phase Locked Loop --- p.8 / Chapter 2 --- Multi-carrier CDMA --- p.10 / Chapter 2.1 --- System Model --- p.11 / Chapter 2.2 --- Crest Factor --- p.12 / Chapter 2.3 --- Shapiro-Rudin Sequence --- p.14 / Chapter 3 --- Synchronization and Detection by Line-Fitting --- p.16 / Chapter 3.1 --- Unmodulated Signals --- p.16 / Chapter 3.2 --- Estimating the Time Shift by Line-Fitting --- p.19 / Chapter 3.3 --- Modulated Signals --- p.22 / Chapter 4 --- Matched Filter --- p.23 / Chapter 5 --- Performance and Conclusion --- p.27 / Chapter 5.1 --- Line Fitting Algorithm --- p.27 / Chapter 5.2 --- Matched Filter --- p.28 / Chapter 5.3 --- Conclusion --- p.30 / Chapter II --- Security on Internet --- p.31 / Chapter 6 --- Introduction --- p.32 / Chapter 6.1 --- Introduction to Cryptography --- p.32 / Chapter 6.1.1 --- Classical Cryptography --- p.33 / Chapter 6.1.2 --- Cryptanalysis --- p.35 / Chapter 6.2 --- Introduction to Internet Security --- p.35 / Chapter 6.2.1 --- The Origin of Internet --- p.35 / Chapter 6.2.2 --- Internet Security --- p.36 / Chapter 6.2.3 --- Internet Commerce --- p.37 / Chapter 7 --- Elementary Number Theory --- p.39 / Chapter 7.1 --- Finite Field Theory --- p.39 / Chapter 7.1.1 --- Euclidean Algorithm --- p.40 / Chapter 7.1.2 --- Chinese Remainder Theorem --- p.40 / Chapter 7.1.3 --- Modular Exponentiation --- p.41 / Chapter 7.2 --- One-way Hashing Function --- p.42 / Chapter 7.2.1 --- MD2 --- p.43 / Chapter 7.2.2 --- MD5 --- p.43 / Chapter 7.3 --- Prime Number --- p.44 / Chapter 7.3.1 --- Listing of Prime Number --- p.45 / Chapter 7.3.2 --- Primality Testing --- p.45 / Chapter 7.4 --- Random/Pseudo-Random Number --- p.47 / Chapter 7.4.1 --- Examples of Random Number Generator --- p.49 / Chapter 8 --- Private Key and Public Key Cryptography --- p.51 / Chapter 8.1 --- Block Ciphers --- p.51 / Chapter 8.1.1 --- Data Encryption Standard (DES) --- p.52 / Chapter 8.1.2 --- International Data Encryption Algorithm (IDEA) --- p.54 / Chapter 8.1.3 --- RC5 --- p.55 / Chapter 8.2 --- Stream Ciphers --- p.56 / Chapter 8.2.1 --- RC2 and RC4 --- p.57 / Chapter 8.3 --- Public Key Cryptosystem --- p.58 / Chapter 8.3.1 --- Diffie-Hellman --- p.60 / Chapter 8.3.2 --- Knapsack Algorithm --- p.60 / Chapter 8.3.3 --- RSA --- p.62 / Chapter 8.3.4 --- Elliptic Curve Cryptosystem --- p.63 / Chapter 8.3.5 --- Public Key vs. Private Key Cryptosystem --- p.64 / Chapter 8.4 --- Digital Signature --- p.65 / Chapter 8.4.1 --- ElGamal Signature Scheme --- p.66 / Chapter 8.4.2 --- Digital Signature Standard (DSS) --- p.67 / Chapter 8.5 --- Cryptanalysis to Current Cryptosystems --- p.68 / Chapter 8.5.1 --- Differential Cryptanalysis --- p.68 / Chapter 8.5.2 --- An Attack to RC4 in Netscapel.l --- p.69 / Chapter 8.5.3 --- "An Timing Attack to Diffie-Hellman, RSA" --- p.71 / Chapter 9 --- Network Security and Electronic Commerce --- p.73 / Chapter 9.1 --- Network Security --- p.73 / Chapter 9.1.1 --- Password --- p.73 / Chapter 9.1.2 --- Network Firewalls --- p.76 / Chapter 9.2 --- Implementation for Network Security --- p.79 / Chapter 9.2.1 --- Kerberos --- p.79 / Chapter 9.2.2 --- Privacy-Enhanced Mail (PEM) --- p.80 / Chapter 9.2.3 --- Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) --- p.82 / Chapter 9.3 --- Internet Commerce --- p.83 / Chapter 9.3.1 --- Electronic Cash --- p.85 / Chapter 9.4 --- Internet Browsers --- p.87 / Chapter 9.4.1 --- Secure NCSA Mosaic --- p.87 / Chapter 9.4.2 --- Netscape Navigator --- p.89 / Chapter 9.4.3 --- SunSoft HotJava --- p.91 / Chapter 10 --- Examples of Electronic Commerce System --- p.94 / Chapter 10.1 --- CyberCash --- p.95 / Chapter 10.2 --- DigiCash --- p.97 / Chapter 10.3 --- The Financial Services Technology Consortium --- p.98 / Chapter 10.3.1 --- Electronic Check Project --- p.99 / Chapter 10.3.2 --- Electronic Commerce Project --- p.101 / Chapter 10.4 --- FirstVirtual --- p.103 / Chapter 10.5 --- Mondex --- p.104 / Chapter 10.6 --- NetBill --- p.106 / Chapter 10.7 --- NetCash --- p.108 / Chapter 10.8 --- NetCheque --- p.111 / Chapter 11 --- Conclusion --- p.113 / Chapter A --- An Essay on Chinese Remainder Theorem and RSA --- p.115 / Bibliography --- p.119

Thesis (MBA.) --University of Limpopo, 2008 / Chemicals are found to be enormously dangerous on the health and safety criteria. In academic laboratories, chemical safety has always been a major concern. Safety risks are either not perceived at all, or perceived to be less dangerous than what they actually are. The climate of safety in any organization consists of employees’ attitudes towards, and perceptions of safety behaviour. In academic departments, safety is influenced by factors such as the organisational environment, management attitude and commitment, the nature of the job or task, and the personal attributes of the individual. This study is concerned with safety climate and chemical management practices in academic departments. More specifically, it investigates the safety perceptions, attitudes, and chemical management behaviours of university employees. It represents the empirical results of a questionnaire survey administered in a university department and direct observations of safe and unsafe chemical management behaviours, targeting employees who work with chemicals. Based upon the survey analysis results, this study demonstrates that employees in the academic departments under study have a good degree of risk awareness and a relatively high degree of safety consciousness. The results also reveal employees’ intentional unsafe chemical management behaviours. Further, it was found, empirically, that overall employees’ intentional unsafe behaviours seem to be best explained by employees’ perceptions of management attitude and commitment to safety, social and physical work environment, priority for safety, as well as their perception of the risk they are generally exposed to in their work environment. The study, thus, establishes that perceptions of management attitudes and actions have a direct effect on employees’ behaviour. There is a positive correlation between workers’ safety climate and chemical management safe behaviour in academic departments.

Background: The burden of fatal and non-fatal injury for the New Zealand construction industry is larger than most other industrial sectors. Injury preventions efforts for construction have however been hampered because of insufficient, industry-specific, surveillance data that is essential for the effective targeting and evaluation of interventions. Aim: This thesis aimed to describe and test a feasible framework of Injury Surveillance for the New Zealand construction industry. Accordingly, the specific objectives to accomplish this aim were: To identify an optimal surveillance dataset for New Zealand construction injuries; To assess potential sources of data and collection methods; To describe an ideal study design for undertaking injury surveillance; To implement an operational design based on industry stakeholder input; To undertake and evaluate an injury surveillance trial; and To suggest how a viable surveillance system could be permanently established. Method: A trial injury surveillance system was developed by identifying known construction injury risk factors from the literature, reviewing the data collection practices of the New Zealand industry and other potential data sources and consulting with industry stakeholders about the most feasible collection methodology. This surveillance framework was then tested by combining national data from routine Government sources and data from 3 construction companies that employed approximately 720 workers between them. National construction injury data was obtained from the Accident Compensation Corporation, the Department of Labour and the Injury Information Manager. The trial Surveillance System was then evaluated in terms of its ability to collect the full range of an optimal dataset, the quality and completeness of information actually collected, the ability to identify and monitor injury priorities for the industry, and the future viability and acceptability of this surveillance design to the industry. Results: A total of 468 medically treated injuries were recorded by the participating companies, with 15 (3.2%) considered to be Serious Harm injuries as defined by the Health and Safety in Employment Act. The level of data completeness across companies was especially low, with on average 18 out of 34 data fields (53%) completely unrecorded. The data from one company was sufficiently complete (i.e. 63% across all fields) to allow individual risk factor analyses to be conducted, whereas the absence of complete denominator data prevented the completion of the same analyses for the other two companies. Viewed overall, Government agency data was sufficiently detailed to estimate national longitudinal trends, injury agency and mechanism priorities for specific occupations and industry subsectors, and allowed a rudimentary evaluation of a national intervention programme. However, questions about data accuracy, completeness and under-reporting were raised for each of the Government data sources used. Conclusions: Using data entirely from Government sources appears to be the most immediately viable framework of Injury Surveillance for the New Zealand construction industry. As such, the relevant range of analyses demonstrated by this study should be continued, expanded and improved. In contrast, obtaining injury surveillance data from companies in the manner that was tested does not appear to feasible, given the difficulty in recruiting companies and the poor data completeness of those companies that did participate. However, the increased range of prevention targets identified by the company that did largely contribute data as intended, demonstrated that company surveillance had merit relative to existing procedures. Suggested steps toward implementing viable construction injury surveillance within New Zealand are outlined, including a recommendation to the industry�s Health and Safety organisation, SiteSafe, to investigate the most feasible data collection protocol for its members.

Over the centuries, the assessment of risk has become an integral part of the decision process. Assessment techniques have developed to meet different applications, but all have problems and none is entirely suited to the assessment of risks relating to fire. This dissertation examines the development of risk assessment processes and frameworks, identifying common features and problems and key differences in approach. Despite generically similar approaches, different applications have led to the development of many different paradigms, none of which appears to be entirely suitable for application to building and infrastructure fires. Current fire risk assessment methods which incorporate important advances in fire modelling and Monte Carlo simulation, rely on a fire engineering approach. They tend to consider only the limited range of fire safety systems that are directly involved in construction, failing to address many of the procedural and other activities that can overwhelm traditional controls, and taking insufficient account of interactions between different controls and the factors that influence them. Further, comparative risk levels are generally evaluated against the ill-defined scenario of current practice, as defined in outdated prescriptive regulations. The result is that catastrophic consequences continue to occur, despite the presence of traditionally accepted controls. The problem is to find a framework that evaluates the sensitivity of levels of risk in fire against a defined, uncontrolled state, taking into account the effects of a comprehensive range of factors and controls. A new approach to risk assessment that addresses a comprehensive set of factors and controls and evaluates the event without, and with, controls, is considered. The framework, together with the steps for its implementation, appears to provide a versatile and flexible method of risk assessment. It is likely that the framework can be applied to all risk assessment situations. A study is undertaken to investigate the impact of factors and interactions that are not commonly taken into account in fire risk assessment. The chosen situation is a fire in the driver???s cab of a train. Current driver procedures are examined, and fire growth rates for specified materials are considered. Using the fire spread model CFAST, conditions in the cab for a range of ventilation conditions and fire growth rates are calculated. Threshold levels that determine response times for engineered and human controls and tenability, and common factors that influence consequences, can play a critical role in modelling the decision process. A driver???s decision model is proposed that determines the impact of the driver???s decisions to adjust ventilation by opening or closing windows and doors, and to extinguish the fire. The model takes into account time to respond and time to perform the necessary activities. The study shows that, even with a limited choice of actions, the decisions of the driver can have a critical effect on the outcome of a fire in the driver???s cab, altering the situation from a controlled to an uncontrolled state. Recommendations are made for further development of the new risk assessment framework, and for the development of fire modelling for risk assessment purposes. Finally, recommendations are made for the continuation of the development of the train driver response model that would result in the generation of driver decision support software.

This thesis describes the development, application and evaluation of an OHS measurement tool incorporating positive performance indicators to measure OHS performance in Australia Post, a large multi-site postal organisation. Positive Performance Indicators (PPIs) are identified as systematically implemented measures of the management processes initiated to achieve strategic goals. A literature review indicated that there was widespread support for the use of PPIs to measure OHS performance, with proponents advocating their use to monitor and promote implementation of target OHS strategies, and to evaluate the effectiveness of these strategies by using PPIs in conjunction with outcome indicators. Despite this widespread support, there was little practical guidance published on the development or application of PPIs, nor was there empirical evidence validating the claims of advocates. A series of research projects was undertaken to firstly develop - then evaluate - a set of OHS self-assessment tools incorporating PPIs. These projects comprised: review of the Australia Post OHS strategic plan, as the basis for the development of PPIs to measure that plan; development of a set of paper-based self-assessment tools incorporating quantitative OHS PPIs to measure the local implementation of the OHS strategic plan; quasi-experimental pilot study of the use of the OHS PPI self-assessment tools by Postal Managers, to investigate the reliability and effectiveness of the OHS PPI process in monitoring and driving conformance of OHS management processes; experimental study of the use of the OHS PPI self-assessment tools by Postal Delivery Facility Managers, to validate and extend the findings of the pilot study; development of a web-based software application to facilitate OHS PPI data collection and reporting; and, the use of correlation statistics to study the relationship of OHS PPIs with OHS outcome measures, and to assess their role in evaluating the effectiveness of specific OHS strategies. The studies demonstrated that the OHS PPI self-assessment tool could be effectively used by local facility managers to assess and report their implementation of the OHS strategic plan. In addition, the OHS PPI self-assessment process proved to strongly improve the local implementation of those OHS management processes measured. The study further showed that the consistent attention to OHS management processes driven by the OHS PPI measurement process assisted in the achievement of impressive OHS outcome improvements. However, the study showed that the use of correlation statistics to link OHS PPIs with outcome measures to evaluate the effectiveness of OHS management strategies has only limited value. Limitations in both the OHS PPI and outcome measurement data and in the correlation statistics restrict the extent to which findings can be interpreted or that conclusive judgements concerning the effectiveness of strategies can be drawn. The thesis concludes with an account of Australia Post's experiences in integrating OHS PPIs into its OHS management system.

Construction remains the most hazardous industry in the United States in terms of the aggregate number of fatalities. Twenty percent of all occupational related fatalities occur in construction; approximately three construction workers die per calendar day. Moreover, this trend has been prevalent for too long. One method to reduce this trend is to involve architects and design engineers in considering construction safety during the design process. The concept of designing for construction safety is a viable intervention to improve worker safety. However, in the United States many barriers (legal, contractual, regulatory) exist that prevent this intervention from becoming part of a standard practice within the construction industry. Four-hundred and fifty construction accidents from two databases were analyzed and a link to the design for construction safety concept was determined. An objective investigation model was developed to make these determinations. A significant link between the concept of designing for construction safety and construction fatalities and disabling injuries was established. Specific construction project parameters linked to the concept of designing for construction safety include the minimization of risk due to falls through and from roofs, skylights and structural steel construction; and the minimization of risk due of contact with electric and other utilities. It is recommended that the concept of designing for construction safety be considered by regulatory agencies, insurance companies, and the United States' construction industry as one intervention of a comprehensive safety agenda to reduce the disproportionate number of fatalities and disabling injuries. / Graduation date: 2005