Através de Testes de Diluição em Sistema de Tubos Múltiplos determinou-se in vitro a Intensidade de Atividade de Inibição Bacteriana (IINIB/bacteriostasia) e a Intensidade de Atividade de Inativação Bacteriana (IINAB/bactericidia) de soluções contendo extratos etanólicos a 50% de diferentes acessos in natura de rizomas (alcoolaturas), bem como diferentes amostras comerciais de pó de rizomas (hidroalcoolaturas) de açafrão-da-terra (Curcuma longa L.), sobre inóculos bacterianos padrões de Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Salmonella Enteritidis (ATCC 11076), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 19433) e Escherichia coli (ATCC 11229). Os extratos hidroalcoólicos apresentaram baixa atividade de inibição/inativação entre as quatro bactérias testadas, enquanto que a forma de extração alcoólica sem reidratação (extrato bruto) apresentou atividade antibacteriana seletiva e significativamente mais intensa. Salmonella Enteritidis e Enterococcus faecalis foram às bactérias mais sensíveis, frente a ambos os extratos (hidroalcoólico e alcoólico), enquanto que Escherichia coli e Stahphylococcus aureus apresentaram a menor sensibilidade. Houve diferença positiva significativa para os extratos não reconstituídos (bruto) quando comparados aos reconstituídos. / Through Test Dilution System in Multiple Tubes were determined in vitro the intensity bacterial inhibition activity (IINIB/bacteriostasys) and the Intensity of bacterial inactivation activity (IINAB/bactericidie) solutions containing 50% ethanol extracts of different accessions fresh root (alcoholic preparations) as well as commercial samples of powdered root (hidroalcoolaturas) from ground-saffron (Curcuma longa L.). patterns of bacterial inocula of Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Salmonella Enteritidis (ATCC 11076), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 19433) and Escherichia coli (ATCC 11229). The hydroalcoholic extracts showed low activity inhibition/inactivation among the four tested bacteria, while the form of alcohol extraction without rehydration (crude extract) showed selective antibacterial activity and significantly more intense. Salmonella enteritidis and Enterococcus faecalis bacteria were more sensitive, compared to both extracts (hydroalcoholic and alcohol), while Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus Stahphylococcus showed the least sensitivity. There was a significant positive difference to the extracts not rehydrated (raw) when compared to rehydrated.

Thesis Czech folk scene and political persecution after 1977, deals with the events in Czechoslovakia folk music scene after the release of Charter 77. Thesis is focused on members of the folk group Šafrán (Saffron). Studied period of time is placed between 1977 and the first half of the 80s in Czechoslovakia. Thesis is divided into two parts. Introduction of the thesis and its first part is dedicated to the political and cultural situation of the 70s of the 20th century. The second part of the thesis describes the origin and development of folk music as an independent musical genre in Czechoslovakia. The main aim of the thesis is a partial depiction of life situation of folk singer-songwriters in the specified time period. Thesis is based on chosen musician's personal memories of political persecution, which was directed against their work as well. The final part of the thesis is dedicated to the development and course of the secret police Action Asanace (Redevelopment). The event had an impact not only on the personal lives of these artists, but also on the further development of folk music in the late 20th century in Czechoslovakia.

Saffron crocus (Crocus sativus) is a male-sterile, triploid flower crop, and source of the spice and colorant saffron. For over three millennia, it was cultivated across the Mediterranean, including ancient Greece, Persia, and other cultures, later spreading all over the world. Despite saffron crocus’ early omnipresence, its origin has been the matter of a century-old debate, in terms of area and time as well as parental species contribution. While remnants of the ancient arts, crafts, and texts still provide hints on its origin, modern genetics has the potential to efficiently follow these leads, thus shedding light on new possible lines of descent. In this review, we follow ancient arts and recent genetics to trace the evolutionary origin of saffron crocus. We focus on the place and time of saffron domestication and cultivation, and address its presumed autopolyploid origin involving cytotypes of wild Crocus cartwrightianus. Both ancient arts from Greece, Iran, and Mesopotamia as well as recent cytogenetic and comparative next-generation sequencing approaches point to saffron’s emergence and domestication in ancient Greece, showing how both disciplines converge in tracing its origin.

Summary: The thesis "Folk As a Social Phenomenon in the Time of So Called Normalization" does not take folk primarily for a music style but it intends to demonstrate its limits the Communist power in Czechoslovakia had set for independent cultural activities in 1970s and 1980s. That is why the thesis is not a musicological one but a political and historic one. The text is based on a wide basis of sources: studies in archives, the analysis of valid legislation of that time, studies of contemporary press, interviewing the contemporary witnesses and using the witnesses' private archives and last but not least the lyrics of the songs themselves have been selected as important sources The text focuses on important milestones having the information value about the folk in 1970s and 1980s. There is provided an analysis of qualification tests which should have "cleansed" the official stages from "defective" musicians (and from a lot of folk singers as well). The demonstration of possibilities is given here showing the fact the folk could survive and balance on the edge of the public life in spite of all legislation barriers and this either in the form of circumventing the law and using the gaps in the law (folk singers' union Šafrán (Saffron)) or in the form of "hacking" the system, i.e. gaining influence in an...