Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of New South Wales, 2005. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on July 17, 2005). Includes bibliographical references.

The Atlantic sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus) is considered over-fished in U.S. waters. Furthermore, preliminary analyses of abundance indicate that a decline in biomass has occurred. While seminal studies have provided useful baseline data about intra- and inter-oceanic variation within sailfish, such studies may have underestimated the amount of genetic variability as a result of small sample sizes and the poor resolution of restriction fragment length polymorphism data. We used 263 base pairs from the hypervariable mitochondrial control region and fragment polymorphisms from five microsatellite loci to assess the contemporary population structure between eastern (n = 30) and western (n = 192) Atlantic sailfish stocks. We failed to reject the hypothesis of panmixia in Atlantic sailfish; however, higher levels of genetic variation were observed within the eastern Atlantic sailfish, and the nature of this difference needs to be investigated further. Having found no evidence of transatlantic differentiation, we pooled the Atlantic samples (n = 222) and compared them to a sample from the eastern Pacific (n = 22) and rejected the null hypothesis, concluding that sailfish from separate ocean basins do not share a common gene pool. We also found evidence of a recent sudden expansion of Clade I (the ubiquitous clade found in both Atlantic and Pacific Oceans) sailfish into the Atlantic that appears to have occurred between 164000 and 351000 years ago, coinciding with interglacial periods during the Pleistocene. This study also presents the first evidence of a recent sudden expansion of sailfish into the eastern Pacific, roughly 85400 to 173000 years ago, following a period when cooling in the eastern Pacific would have restricted the sailfish range to the warmer waters of the western Indo-Pacific. We emphasize that sailfish from this region of the Pacific are phenotypically distinct from those in the rest of the species' range and encourage further studies in order to determine if the eastern Pacific sailfish population should be managed as a separate stock.

Sailfish, Istiophorus platypterus, are commonly taken by the recreational and commercial fisheries in the Gulf of Mexico (Gulf) and larvae are frequently reported in the region, indicating the Gulf's potential role as spawning and/or nursery ground of sailfish. Five ichthyoplankton surveys were conducted in shelf and slope waters of the northern Gulf during the summers of 2005 (May, July, September) and 2006 (June, August). Surveys were conducted off the Texas and Louisiana coasts from 27 - 28N and 88 - 94W. During the two year study, 2,426 sailfish larvae were collected, ranging in size from 2.0 - 24.3 mm standard length (SL). Sailfish larvae were collected in 45.0% of collections with a peak density ranging of 51.5 larvae per 1000 m-2 of water sampled, and the highest larval abundances were observed within frontal features of the Loop Current. Sagittal otoliths were extracted from 1,236 larvae, and otolith microstructure analysis indicated sailfish ranged in age from 5 - 25 days post-hatch. Hatch-date distributions indicated fish were from early May to mid September spawning and/or hatching events. Instantaneous growth coefficients (g) ranged from 0.113 to 0.127 with intra- and inter-annual variations in growth observed. Growth coefficients correspond to a 10.7 - 11.9% increase in length per day. Instantaneous daily mortality rates (Z) were estimated from regressions of the decline in loge-transformed abundance on age and ranged from 20.4% to 29.2% per day suggesting large losses during the early life interval. Instantaneous weight-specific growth coefficients (G) ranged from 41.5% to 45.9% per day and were indexed to daily mortality to assess intra- and inter-annual variation in recruitment potential. Recruitment indices > 1.0 were observed during all surveys, suggesting cohort biomass was increasing and that conditions were favorable for growth, survival and recruitment. The results of this study indicate that the northern Gulf represents viable spawning and nursery habitat of sailfish and the sustainability of Atlantic sailfish populations may be linked to spawning in the Gulf.

Biological and life history characteristics for a previously unstudied population of sailfish, Istiophorus platypterus, in the Arabian Gulf were investigated. Notable findings include temporal-spatial migration patterns for a genetically isolated population that is threatened by overexploitation. Conventional tagging resulted in 2053 releases and 114 recaptures (5.55%) inside the Gulf. Linear displacement ranged from 2.5 to 697 km, while days at liberty ranged from 17 to 818 days. Dead recoveries in Iranian gillnets account for 88.6% of recaptures. Modeling analyses produced a best estimate of annual survival probability (S) at 0.375 (slope = -0.101, SE = 0.324). Fifteen pop-up satellite archival tags were deployed on sailfish during 2001 - 2002 to track temporal and spatial movements. Extensive data from four tags showed 83.7% of time-at-depth was spent above 10 m with no significant difference (P &lt 0.05) in diel preference. Depth ranged from 0.0 m to 61.0 m, while temperature ranged from 19.7 ??C to 30.1 ??C. Small-scale movements of eight sailfish were measured using ultrasonic tracking for periods ranging from 3:33 to 53:06 hours. Track distances ranged from 5.5 to 78.5 km, while linear displacement ranged from 4.6 to 37.0 km. Average speed ranged from 0.29 to 0.75 m s-1. Vertical distributions showed 84.3% of time was spent above 10 m depth, even though water temperature showed negligible variation with depth. Mitochondrial DNA comparison of 147 sailfish produced 39 composite haplotypes using eight restriction enzymes. Significant differences occurred in the frequency between population groups inside and outside the Gulf (amova 34.8%, P &lt 0.01; FST = 0.356), along with evidence of restricted migration between them (average number of migrants, Nm = 0.903). Nine year classes (0-8) were determined from aging analysis of fin spines. Females (n = 50) ranged from 0 to 8 years, while males (n = 34) ranged from 0 to 6 years. Von Bertalanffy growth function indicated rapid growth during the first two years, after which males stabilized and females continued growing to a greater maximum mean length and weight. A comparison of allometric growth between sexes indicated no significant difference between length and other morphometric characters (P ranged 0.135 ??? 0.980).

Biological and life history characteristics for a previously unstudied population of sailfish, Istiophorus platypterus, in the Arabian Gulf were investigated. Notable findings include temporal-spatial migration patterns for a genetically isolated population that is threatened by overexploitation. Conventional tagging resulted in 2053 releases and 114 recaptures (5.55%) inside the Gulf. Linear displacement ranged from 2.5 to 697 km, while days at liberty ranged from 17 to 818 days. Dead recoveries in Iranian gillnets account for 88.6% of recaptures. Modeling analyses produced a best estimate of annual survival probability (S) at 0.375 (slope = -0.101, SE = 0.324). Fifteen pop-up satellite archival tags were deployed on sailfish during 2001 - 2002 to track temporal and spatial movements. Extensive data from four tags showed 83.7% of time-at-depth was spent above 10 m with no significant difference (P &lt 0.05) in diel preference. Depth ranged from 0.0 m to 61.0 m, while temperature ranged from 19.7 ??C to 30.1 ??C. Small-scale movements of eight sailfish were measured using ultrasonic tracking for periods ranging from 3:33 to 53:06 hours. Track distances ranged from 5.5 to 78.5 km, while linear displacement ranged from 4.6 to 37.0 km. Average speed ranged from 0.29 to 0.75 m s-1. Vertical distributions showed 84.3% of time was spent above 10 m depth, even though water temperature showed negligible variation with depth. Mitochondrial DNA comparison of 147 sailfish produced 39 composite haplotypes using eight restriction enzymes. Significant differences occurred in the frequency between population groups inside and outside the Gulf (amova 34.8%, P &lt 0.01; FST = 0.356), along with evidence of restricted migration between them (average number of migrants, Nm = 0.903). Nine year classes (0-8) were determined from aging analysis of fin spines. Females (n = 50) ranged from 0 to 8 years, while males (n = 34) ranged from 0 to 6 years. Von Bertalanffy growth function indicated rapid growth during the first two years, after which males stabilized and females continued growing to a greater maximum mean length and weight. A comparison of allometric growth between sexes indicated no significant difference between length and other morphometric characters (P ranged 0.135 ??? 0.980).

Diplomová práce je zaměřená na návrh nejvhodnější podnikové strategie pro vstup Jolly na Český trh chytrých zařízení. Rozbor teorie internacionalizace a internacionalizačních podnikových strategií je důležitým podkladem pro analýzu procesu vstupu Jolly. Na konci se zaměření přesune na návrh přijatelné strategie pro vstup a činnost na trhu.