Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2008. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 79-86).

Dissertation (Ph.D.)--Auburn University, / Abstract. Vita. Includes bibliographic references (p.116-129).

Dissertation (Ph.D.)--Auburn University, 2005. / Abstract. Vita. Includes bibliographic references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2007. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 112-125).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2000. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 180 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Queensland, 2003. / Includes bibliography.

A total of 842 single patient isolates of Salmonella spp. from the New Territories East Cluster hospitals, Hong Kong, were collected during 2002 and 2004. The most common Salmonella enterica serotype isolated was S. Enteritidis (29.7%, 250 of 842) followed by S. Typhimurium (13.7%, 115 of 842). The remaining 29.6% (249 of 842) belonged to 44 serotypes and 27.1% (228 of 842) were non-typeable. The majority of isolates were from patients aged two years or younger and were isolated during June to October of each of the three years. The susceptibilities to 19 antimicrobial agents of the 834 isolates that survived were tested. Resistant strains were investigated for [1] the mechanisms of resistance to fluoroquinolones and the third generation cephalosporins; [2] the genetic mechanisms of emergence of antibiotic-resistant salmonellae; and [3] their molecular epidemiology. / Less than half (46.9%, 391 of 834) of the isolates were susceptible to all the antimicrobial agents tested and 21.3% (178 of 834) were resistant to three and up to 14 in a total of 75 resistance patterns. Resistance to nalidixic acid increased from 18.9% (53 of 280) in 2002 to 36.6% (94 of 259) in 2004 (p <0.001) while reduced susceptibility and resistance to ciprofloxacin increased from 17.9% (50 of 280) to 39.4% (102 of 259) (p <0.001). All salmonellae remained susceptible to the third generation cephalosporins until 2003 when we isolated the first resistant isolate and two more in 2004. / No mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining region of target genes gyrA, gyrB, parC and parE were detectable in six of the 59 isolates that were resistant to 0.03 mg/l of ciprofloxacin and 14 that were susceptible to 0.03 mg/l of ciprofloxacin, all isolates being obtained in 2002. Forty-two isolates harboured one mutation, and one to eight harboured two to four mutations with those in positions Ser83 and/or Asp87 of the gyrA gene being the most common (89.8%, 53 of 59). No mutation was detected in the gyrB gene. A parC mutation at Ser80 was present only in strains with one or two gyrA mutation(s) while that at Thr57 could be present in strains without any other target gene mutations. A parE mutation (Ser458→Pro) was detected together with two gyrA and one parC mutations in only one isolate which was resistant to high concentrations of fluoroquinolones. Complementation experiments using a wild-type gyrA gene performed on isolates with gyrA gene mutations showed that mutations in gyrA contributed to fluoroquinolone-resistance. Only two among the 349 isolates that were obtained during 2002-2004 and resistant to 0.03 mg/l of ciprofloxacin harboured the qnr gene. / Of the three isolates that were resistant to the third generation cephalosporins, one, a S. Typhimurium, produced a beta-lactamase, CTX-M-9, of pI 8.1, and two, a S. Typhimurium and a S. Enteritidis, produced CTX-M-14, of pI 7.9. The blaCTX-M-9 gene was located on a class 1 integron on a 62 kb transferable plasmid and the blaCTX-M-14 gene was associated with the insertion sequence ISEcp1 and present on a 70 kb and a 92 kb transferable plasmid, respectively. This is the first report of a CTX-M-9 enzyme in S. Typhimurium in Hong Kong. (Abstract shortened by UMI.) / The MICs of nalidixic acid in the presence of 20 mg/l of Phe-Arg beta-naphthylamide (PAbetaN) for the 73 isolates that were tested for the presence of target gene mutations and S. Typhimurium ATCC 13311 were at least 4-fold lower than those of nalidixic acid in the absence of PAbetaN, indicating presence of an efflux system that could be inhibited by PAbetaN and of which nalidixic acid was a substrate. / Twenty-one isolates with different target gene mutations and fluoroquinolone susceptibilities were selected to investigate the effect of active efflux system, outer membrane permeability and target gene expression on fluoroquinolone-susceptibility. The amount of ciprofloxacin accumulated in the presence of carbonyl cyanide m-chloro-phenylhydrazone (CCCP) was significantly more than that in the absence of CCCP in 15 of these 21 strains, indicating presence of an efflux system that used proton motive force as energy. The amount of ciprofloxacin accumulated in 15 strains was significantly less than that in the standard strain (ATCC 13311) after the addition of CCCP, indicating that these strains were less permeable to ciprofloxacin than the standard strain. Real-time PCR experiments revealed that there were strains with overexpression of target genes as well as the acrB gene that codes for AcrB in the AcrAB-TolC efflux system. No aac(6')-Ib-cr was detected in our strains. / Jin, Yujuan. / "January 2008." / Adviser: M. L. Ling. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-08, Section: B, page: 4543. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 195-219). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract in English and Chinese. / School code: 1307.

Infections caused by resistant pathogens fail to respond to treatment, resulting in increased costs due to prolonged illness and hospitalization. Determining the extent of resistance in animal populations is thus of great importance to public health. In this work, we first showed that asymptomatic populations of Salmonella in pigs present greater genotypic and phenotypic diversity than disease-associated populations. Second, we identified a clonal population structure associated with asymptomatic Salmonella found in the Canadian swine industry and we confirmed that food-producing pigs are a significant reservoir of Salmonella enterica, more particularly the clinically important serotype Typhimurium DT104. Finally, we identified the possible independent evolution of multidrug-resistance in serotypes Typhimurium, Derby and Heidelberg. Our work on asymptomatic Salmonella enterica stresses the importance of linking ecology and evolutionary biology to public health in order to understand and predict the response of pathogenic bacteria to selective pressure imposed by host immunity, whether naturally or artificially induced.

Salmonella enteritidis has recently emerged as a potential pathogen in poultry products. The growth of S. enteritidis in poultry is affected by several factors such as storage temperature, pH, water activity, modified atmosphere and the presence of preservatives. All of these factors may act alone or in combination with each other resulting in a synergistic, antimicrobial effect. / In this research, initial storage studies were done to determine the effect of various atmospheres (air, vacuum, oxygen absorbent and gas packaging) on the microbial changes of packaged chicken thighs followed by challenge studies with a strain of S. enteritidis$ sp{ rm{NAST}}$. Chicken thighs were packaged in Cryovac bags and stored at 4 and 12$ sp circ$C for up to 28d. Changes in headspace gas composition, pH, drip loss, color and odor were monitored at each sampling day. / The effect of various packaging treatments, dipping solutions (chitosan (0.2%w/v) and potassium sorbate (0.2%w/v)) and low dose irradiation (1.5 & 3.0 kGy) on the growth of S. enteritidis$ sp{ rm NAST}$ and on the shelf-life of chicken thighs stored at 4 and 12$ sp circ$C was also investigated. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

Thesis (M.Sc.(Agric.))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Includes summary. Includes bibliographic references (leaves 75-86).