Zhao Xiaoli. / "July 2005." / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 178-194). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract in English and Chinese.

Koo, Siu Chung Nicolas. / Thesis submitted in: November 2007. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 78-86). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Thesis committee --- p.i / Statement --- p.ii / Abstract --- p.iii / Chinese Abstract --- p.v / Acknowledgements --- p.vi / Abbreviations --- p.viii / Table of contents --- p.xi / List of figures --- p.xv / List of tables --- p.xvii / Chapter 1. --- General Introduction / Chapter 1.1 --- General introduction to salt tolerance in plant --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Adverse effecst of high salinity in plant cells / Chapter 1.1.1.1 --- Ion toxicity --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1.2 --- Disturbed osmotic homeostasis --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.1.3 --- Oxidative stress --- p.3 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Major salt tolerance strategy in plant / Chapter 1.1.2.1 --- Maintenance of ion homeostasis --- p.4 / Chapter 1.1.2.2 --- Maintaining osmotic homeostasis --- p.4 / Chapter 1.1.2.3 --- Detoxification of Reactive oxygen species --- p.4 / Chapter 1.2 --- Cytosolic Calcium signal in plant / Chapter 1.2.1 --- General introduction of calcium in plant --- p.6 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Calcium transport in plant cell --- p.7 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Cytosolic calcium signals in plant under abiotic stress --- p.9 / Chapter 1.2.4 --- Responding to cytosolic calcium signals --- p.12 / Chapter 1.3 --- Calcium mediated ion homeostasis in plant under salt stress / Chapter 1.3.1 --- General introduction on Calcium dependent ion channels in plant --- p.13 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- SOS family cascade in Arabidopsis --- p.13 / Chapter 1.4 --- The interaction between cytosolic calcium and reactive oxygen species in plants --- p.14 / Chapter 1.5 --- "Calcium signaling mediated by Inositol 1,4,5 triphosphate in plant" --- p.15 / Chapter 1.6 --- Study on HAL2 and its homolog in plant --- p.18 / Chapter 1.7 --- Previous studies on GmSAL1 in Prof. Lam's lab --- p.20 / Chapter 1.8 --- Hypothesis and significant of this project --- p.21 / Chapter 2 --- Materials and Methods / Chapter 2.1 --- Materials / Chapter 2.1.1 --- "Plants, bacterial strains and vectors" --- p.23 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Chemicals and Regents --- p.25 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Commercial kits --- p.26 / Chapter 2.1.4 --- Primers and Adaptors --- p.27 / Chapter 2.1.5 --- Equipments and facilities used --- p.27 / Chapter 2.1.6 --- "Buffer, solution, gel and medium" --- p.27 / Chapter 2.1.7 --- Software --- p.28 / Chapter 2.2 --- Methods / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Molecular Techniques / Chapter 2.2.1.1 --- Bacterial cultures for recombinant DNA and plant transformation --- p.29 / Chapter 2.2.1.2 --- Recombinant DNA techniques --- p.29 / Chapter 2.2.1.3 --- Preparation and transformation of Agrobacterium competent cells --- p.30 / Chapter 2.2.1.4 --- Gel electrophoresis --- p.31 / Chapter 2.2.1.5 --- DNA and RNA extractions --- p.32 / Chapter 2.2.1.6 --- Generation of single-stranded DIG-labeled PCR probes --- p.34 / Chapter 2.2.1.7 --- Testing the concentration of DIG-labeled probes --- p.36 / Chapter 2.2.1.8 --- Northern blot analysis --- p.36 / Chapter 2.2.1.9 --- PCR techniques --- p.37 / Chapter 2.2.1.10 --- Sequencing --- p.38 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Plant cell culture and transformation / Chapter 2.2.2.1 --- Arabidopsis thaliana --- p.39 / Chapter 2.2.2.2 --- Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Bright Yellow 2 (BY-2) cells --- p.39 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Growth and treatment conditions for plants / Chapter 2.2.3.1 --- Growth and salt treatment condition of soybean samples for gene expression studies of GmSAL1 --- p.40 / Chapter 2.2.3.2 --- Root assay of GmSAL1l transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana --- p.41 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- "Cell viability, ROS detection and confocal microscopy" / Chapter 2.2.4.1 --- Cell viability assay --- p.42 / Chapter 2.2.4.2 --- Detection of intracellular contents of Na+ --- p.42 / Chapter 2.2.4.3 --- Detection of Reactive oxygen species (ROS) --- p.42 / Chapter 2.2.4.4 --- Confocal microscopy --- p.43 / Chapter 2.2.4.5 --- Images processing and analysis --- p.43 / Chapter 2.2.5 --- Statistical analysis --- p.44 / Chapter 3 --- Results / Chapter 3.1 --- GmSAL1 sequence analysis --- p.45 / Chapter 3.2 --- Expression of GmSAL1 was induced by NaCl stress --- p.49 / Chapter 3.3 --- Construction of GmSAL1 transgenic tobacco BY-2 cell line --- p.50 / Chapter 3.4 --- Ectopic expression of GmSAL1 alleviates NaCl stress in transgenic tobacco BY-2 cells --- p.52 / Chapter 3.5 --- GmSAL1 enhances vacuolar sodium compartmentalization in transgenic tobacco BY-2 cell under NaCl treatment --- p.55 / Chapter 3.6 --- GmSAL1 helps maintain cell turgidity in transgenic tobacco BY-2 cell under NaCl treatment --- p.58 / Chapter 3.7 --- GmSAL1 enhances ROS scavenging in transgenic tobacco BY-2 cell under NaCl treatment --- p.61 / Chapter 3.8 --- Effect of expressing GmSAL1 in Arabidopsis thaliana under salt stress --- p.64 / Chapter 4 --- Discussion --- p.66 / Chapter 4.1 --- Sequence analysis and enzyme activity of GmSAL1 --- p.68 / Chapter 4.2 --- Gene expression profile of GmSAL1 --- p.70 / Chapter 4.3 --- Functional analysis of GmSAL1 in transgenic tobacco BY-2 cells / Chapter 4.3.1 --- GmSAL1 protects transgenic BY-2 cells under salt treatment --- p.71 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- GmSAL1 regulates Na+ compartmentalization and ROS scavenging in transgenic BY-2 cells under NaCl treatment in a calcium dependent manner --- p.72 / Chapter 4.4 --- Functional tests of GmSAL1 transgenic A. thaliana --- p.75 / Chapter 5 --- Conclusion and perspective --- p.76 / References --- p.78 / "Appendix I: Substrate specificity and Km, Kcat values of GmSAL1 protein" --- p.87 / Appendix II: Restriction and modifying enzymes --- p.89 / Appendix II: Chemicals --- p.90 / Appendix III: Commercial kits --- p.94 / Appendix IV: Equipments and facilities used --- p.95 / "Appendix V: Buffer, solution, gel and medium formulation" --- p.96

Lithium salts of pentafluorothio alkyl sulfonic acids and perfluoroalkyl disulfonic acids were prepared for testing for possible use as polymer electrolytes. Most of these lithium salts were made from the corresponding sodium, potassium or calcium salts. Aqueous solutions of these salts were passed through polystyrene sulfonate ion exchange resin in the acid form to obtain aqueous solutions of the corresponding acids. The acids were then neutralized with lithium hydroxide using a pH meter. One salt was made by reacting the barium salt of the corresponding acid with lithium sulfate. A sulfonyl fluoride polymer (-0-CH2-C (CH20CF2CF2S02F) H-) n was reacted with lithium hydroxide to give a lithium salt as well. Owing to the great length of time required to dry these hydroscopic salts so that they might be suitable for polymer electrolyte work, alternative, water-free methods of preparation were explored. These include the reaction of lithium trimethylsilanolate with a sulfonyl fluoride, and the reaction of trimethylsilyl triflate with lithium chloride. Conductivity studies were performed on samples of these salts, and the results so far obtained from these studies are presented. Mass spectrometry, 1H, 19F and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and elemental analysis were used to help characterize the new lithium salts.

Sulfated polysaccharides are widespread in nature. These compounds are implicated in a wide variety of important biological processes such as blood clotting, cell adhesion, and cell–cell communication. However, detailed characterization of their specific biological roles has proved to be very challenging. One reason for this is that the synthesis of even relatively small sulfated oligosaccharides still remains a considerable challenge. A general approach to the synthesis of sulfated carbohydrates was examined in which the sulfate group is incorporated at the beginning of the syntheses as a protected sulfodiester. Towards this end, a series of modified sulfuryl imidazolium salts were prepared and examined as reagents for incorporating 2,2,2-trichloroethyl-protected sulfate esters into monosaccharides.. A more efficient sulfating agent was obtained by incorporating a methyl group at the 2-position of the imidazolium ring. O-Sulfations that required prolonged reaction times and a large excess of the original sulfuryl imidazolium salt (SIS) which bears no alkyl groups on the imidazolium ring, were more readily achieved using the new reagent. Direct regioselective incorporation of TCE-protected sulfates into monosaccharides was achieved using the new imidazolium salt. We have also shown that the new SIS can also be used for the direct disulfation of monosaccharides and that trisulfated monosaccharides can also be prepared from the disulfated compounds. SIS’s bearing the TFE and phenyl groups, were readily prepared. In most instances, both TFE- and phenyl protected sulfated carbohydrates were easily prepared in good yields using SIS’s. Deprotection of the TFE group from secondary sulfates in carbohydrates and aryl sulfates was achieved in excellent yields using NaN3 in DMF. We applied the sulfate protecting group strategy towards the total synthesis of the tetrasaccharide portion of a disulfated glycosphingolipid called SB1a. Efficient routes were developed for the construction of the left- and right-hand protected disaccharide portions of the SB1a tetrasaccharide.

No description available.

Thesis--Leiden. / Vita. Bibliography: p. 75-79.

Thesis (M. Sc.)--University of Alberta, 2009. / Title from pdf file main screen (viewed on Dec. 11, 2009). "A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science, Department of Civil and Environment Engineering , University of Alberta." Includes bibliographical references.

published_or_final_version / Civil Engineering / Master / Master of Philosophy

Inoculation of Parthenium argentatum (guayule) with an endomycorrhizal fungus (Glomus intraradices) increased the growth of guayule in saline and non-saline soils low in available phosphorus. Addition of 100 ug/g of P as Ca(H2PO4)2 to soils low in available phosphorus was as efficient as G. intraradices in stimulating the growth of guayule. The concentrations and total plant accumulations of minerals within guayule shoots varied depending on growth of the plants and the minerals assayed. In most cases, the concentrations of Cu, Zn, Mn, Na and Cl increased in the shoot tissues of guayule grown in soils which contained added NaCl. Generally, addition of phosphorus to the soil resulted in decreased concentrations of Cu and Zn and increased concentrations of PO4 in guayule shoots. The total accumulations of minerals by guayule was directly influenced by the biomass of plants. Increased biomass of plants generally resulted in increased total accumulations of the minerals assayed. The influence of mycorrhizae on the accumulations of minerals by guayule grown in a saline soil was evaluated by comparing nonmycorrhizal plants with the same biomass and phosphorus nutrition as mycorrhizal plants. Mycorrhizae increased the concentrations and total plant accumulations of Zn and decreased the content of Cl within guayule shoots. Colonization of guayule roots by G. intraradices was not affected by addition of P to the soil. Addition of NaCl to the soil decreased the formation of arbuscules and vesicles within roots and increased the incidence in which no fungal structures were seen. The combination of P and NaCl added to soil had a synergistic effect on the mycorrhizae of guayule. Addition of both P and NaCl to soil reduced the occurrence of hyphae, arbuscules and vesicles within roots and decreased the overall infection of guayule roots by G. intraradices.

No description available.