Thesis (Ph.D.) -- Australian National University, 2007.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, Dept. of Geophysical Sciences, December 2000. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (MMedVet (Bov.))-University of Pretoria, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1934. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Queensland, 2005. / Includes bibliography.

Thesis (doctoral)--Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität zu Münster. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 116-121).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Oregon State University, 2008. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the World Wide Web.

Thesis (M.S.)--Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1994. / Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 128-138). Also available via the Internet.

The utilisation of minerals in Ancient Egyptian medicine from procurement through to use is examined here in a case study investigating the role of sodium salts. The sodium salts, salt and natron are two of the three most commonly used minerals in the Egyptian pharmacopeia. The results of the project are important to medical historians and archaeomineralogists alike in that they formulate a systematic understanding of the way in which minerals were used in medical and medically associated industries. Key sources of salt and natron were examined and the Wadi Natrun was identified as the probable main site of natrun exploitation. A comprehensive study conducted of this area involved examining sources of a historical geographical nature and analysis of mineralogical samples gathered from fieldwork in the Wadi Natrun. From the source of exploitation, natron and salt were sold to the Egyptians to be used in a number of everyday industries as well as for their use in medical and medically associated industries. Salt and natron were found to be used for their astringent and cleansing qualities, and are still being used in traditional medical formulations. Prescription replication showed that these substances worked effectively. Additional research into medically associated industries showed commonality between sodium salts use between all three industries investigated. The results of this research shows that a comprehensive study of the use of minerals in medicine could be established. Primary sites of exploitation of both salt and natron were identified, and minerals from theses sites were categorised and identified. The results showed that the chemical nature of these deposits had changed in the last 2000 years. The results also demonstrate reasons why the language surrounding the term natron needed to be revised. These results have implications for both archaeology and the history of medicine.

Les carburants BtL (Biomass to Liquid) font partie des carburants alternatifs au pétrole dits de seconde génération car synthétisés à partir de biomasse solide (contenant de la lignocellulose). Le procédé de fabrication de tels carburants par voie thermochimique repose sur deux étapes successives : la gazéification de la biomasse suivie par un procédé de Fisher-Tropsch. Certains éléments contenus dans la biomasse comme les sels alcalins peuvent se retrouver après l’étape de gazéification et être à l’origine d’attaques sous forme de sels fondus et ainsi endommager les infrastructures. Le travail réalisé dans ce manuscrit consiste à simuler la corrosion de parois d’échangeur thermique en présence de sulfate et chlorure de sodium sous atmosphère de gazéification (CO/H2/CO2) très faiblement oxydante (~ 10−18 bar). Afin de comparer les résultats à ceux issus de la bibliographie, les essais ont également été conduits sous atmosphère fortement oxydante (Ar/O2). Les essais réalisés sur alliage chrominoformeur, HR-120 (38Ni-34Fe-25Cr) à une température de 900°C en présence de sulfate de sodium en milieu faiblement oxydant ont mise en évidence une corrosion de type catastrophique localisée et réversible de l’alliage. Le comportement de l’alliage aluminoformeur, 214 (76Ni-16Cr-4Al) apparaît plus protecteur dans des conditions similaires. En présence de chlorure de sodium, les deux alliages se comportent d’une manière totalement identique : corrosion catastrophique en milieu fortement oxydant et impact du sel négligeable sous atmosphère faiblement oxydante. Un chapitre remède prometteur a été développé en fin de manuscrit. / BTL (biomass to liquid) is an innovative process to synthesize second generation bio-gasoline from wood and farm residues. This process includes a gasification step in order to generate the synthetic gas (syngas) which is subsequently transformed into gas oil by the Fisher Tropsch process. Alkaline salts (mainly potassium and sodium sulphates and chlorides) are present in the biomass and can induce detrimental high temperature corrosion of the refractory alloys where they can condensate as a liquid phase. In this work, we simulate high temperature corrosion of heat exchanger tubes in presence of sulphate and sodium chloride under gasification environment (CO/H2/CO2), consider as weakly oxidizing (~ 10−18 bar). To compare the results with those from the literature, tests were also conducted under highly oxidizing atmosphere (Ar/O2). Results with the chromia-forming alloy HR-120 (38Ni-34Fe-25Cr) at 900°C with sodium sulfate under low oxygen partial pressure shows reversible localized catastrophic oxidation. The behavior of the alumina-forming alloy 214 (76Ni-16Cr-4Al) appears more protective under similar conditions. In presence of sodium chloride, the behavior of the two alloys is identical. Indeed, with oxidizing atmosphere corrosion became totally catastrophic while the impact of sodium chloride was insignificant under gasification atmosphere.