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This thesis is a preliminary archaeological predictive model and project-planning tool created for the Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT) as part of a statewide planning effort to enhance the agency's ability to assess the potential impacts of highway projects on archaeological resources. This model addresses the archaeological sensitivity of the US 30 highway corridor from Portland, Oregon to Astoria, Oregon. The highway corridor is divided into 7 separate segments for management purposes and each segment is given a low, medium, or high probability rating for its potential to yield archaeological resources in this model. The ratings are accompanied by planning and maintenance recommendations to be integrated into a comprehensive planning document for the corridor. Probability determinations are based on State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO) archaeological records, physiographic data, dominant vegetation zones, General Land Office maps, ethnographic accounts, and historical records. The precise utility of this model is unknown because cross-tabulations that compare actual and model assigned presence or absence of resources have not been made. Low probability ratings are assigned to 27% of the corridor. Medium probability segments comprise 15% of the corridor. High probability rating account for 58% of the total length of the corridor. The segment with the highest site density is segment 2, averaging .63 archaeological sites per mile. The archaeological probability ratings were initially omitted from the Draft Corridor Management Plan of 1998, but have been included in the Final Corridor Management Plan of 1999. The predictive model results were incorrectly added to the document and consequently create false impressions. In the Final Corridor Management Plan the number of sites listed for segment 2 is incorrect. It is indicated that seven archaeological sites are present within the corridor, but the actual number is fourteen. Furthermore, the percentage ratings of low, medium, and high archaeological probability are erroneously provided for segments 3, 4, and 7 in the final plan. Ultimately this report has proven useful to ODOT archaeological staff, however signs indicate that the data provided to planning personnel has had little impact on project planning and design. / Graduation date: 2003

Thesis (M.S. in Management)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2009. / Thesis Advisor: Gates, William R. Second Reader: Summers, Donald E. "December 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on January 26, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: lease, purchase, Alternative-fuel Vehicle (AFV), incremental costs, salvage values, General Services Administration (GSA), United States Marine Corps (USMC), light-duty vehicle. Includes bibliographical references (p. 61-63). Also available in print.

A study has been carried out on the Becher and Summit Processes with the aim of understanding the mechanism and critical parameters required for the production of a range of pure iron oxide pigments, as well as high quality synthetic rutile from reduced ilmenite . The Becher Process currently produces a large quantity of worthless mixed phase iron oxides. However, this study has shown that the range of iron oxides formed are all derived from the transformation of lepidocrocite (y-FeOOH) through the solution phase in iron(II) solutions. The results of a kinetic study of the transformation of lepidocrocite found that the rate exhibited an induction period at low pH, was dependent on temperature and was linearly related to log [H+] and log [Fe2+]. The rate determining step was found to be the formation of suitable product nuclei, following dissolution of the initial oxide at the surface of the crystal lattice. An electrochemical study of these reactions showed that the product formed from the transformation of lepidocrocite was a function of the solution potential and an experimental Eh-pH diagram was constructed to predict the iron oxide phase produced from hydrolysis and transformation reactions. The results from this fundamental study were then applied on both a laboratory and plant scale to produce pure iron oxide phases. A modified Summit Process, involving the removal of metallic iron from the porous reduced ilmenite matrix using FeCl 3, regeneration of iron(III) and the production of pure iron oxide pigments from the waste iron(II) chloride solution, was also investigated in detail. A kinetic study of pure iron dissolution in iron(III) solutions, comparing three electrochemical techniques and a standard solution sampling method, gave consistent rate constants provided allowance was made for the reaction with the proton. The iron dissolution mechanism was found to be iron(III) diffusion controlled, while the dissolution in HC1 was under mixed control. A study using both pure iron and pressed reduced ilmenite discs found that acid consumption could be minimised by the addition of citrate or by the addition of A1 3+ or Fe 2+ , which are believed to block the adsorption of the proton. It was found that iron(III)-citrate complexes inhibited iron(II1) hydrolysis in the reduced ilmenite pores and enhanced the purity of the synthetic rutile product. A study of the oxidation of iron(II) by atmospheric oxygen using copper(II) and activated carbon catalysts found that these catalysts were inefficient for complete iron(III) regeneration. The heating of carbon in the presence of cu2+ was found to enhance the initial rate of iron(II) oxidation, however it is believed that surface oxide redox couples formed on the carbon control the iron(II)/ iron(III) ratio in solution, and prevent complete iron(I1) oxidation. The production of iron oxide pigments under the controlled conditions afforded by the Summit Process, resulted in superior quality pigments than are presently attainable from the Becher Process. However, controlled ageing and crystal growth using waste lepidocrocite from the Becher Process would result in similar quality pigments being produced.

Thesis (M.S. in Systems Engineering)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2008. / Thesis Advisor(s): Whitcomb, Clifford. "June 2008." Description based on title screen as viewed on September 2, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 63-65). Also available in print.

Thesis (doctoral)--Georg-August-Universität zu Göttingen. / "Erläuterung der abkürzungen und literatur-verzeichnis": p. [vii]-xii.

Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State University, 2008. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the World Wide Web.

BACKGROUND: Cell salvage (CS) techniques are used to reduce exposure to allogeneic packed red blood cell (pRBC) transfusion in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. However, some studies suggest that inappropriate use of these techniques is associated with increased incidences of thrombocytopenia, excessive bleeding, and transfusion of non-red blood cell blood products, including fresh frozen plasma (FFP), cryoprecipitate, and platelets. Pediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgery are at higher risk for increased perioperative bleeding and blood product transfusion requirement. To date, limited evidence supports the use of CS to reduce pRBC transfusion in neonates and children undergoing cardiac surgery. OBJECTIVES: This study analyzed the efficacy of systematic use of CS in neonates and children undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) compared to a historic cohort of children in whom CS was not used. Our primary endpoints included the incidences of pRBC, cryoprecipitate, and platelets transfusion occurring within 48 hours after CPB. METHODS: We performed a retrospective medical chart review to study all neonates and children who underwent cardiac surgery with CPB between January 2013 and December 2014 at Boston Children’s Hospital (BCH). Considering that CS has been systematically applied at BCH since January 2014, children were separated into a control group (before January 2014) and a CS group (after January 2014). Children treated with CS before January 2014 were excluded. We used uni- and multivariable logistic regression analysis to assess the effect of CS on the odds of blood products transfusion. RESULTS: Among 1228 patients included in the analysis, 730 were included in the CS group and 498 in the control group. The results of our multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age < 12 months (odds ratio (OR): 2.95, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.26-3.84), American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status Classification (ASA) > 3 (OR: 2.95, 95% CI: 2.26-3.84), Risk Adjustment for Congenital Heart Surgery score (RACHS) > 3 (OR: 1.78, 95% CI: 1.28-2.49), and the use of CS (OR: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.44-0.73) were good predictors for perioperative transfusion. Using univariable analysis, the use of CS was associated with a significant reduction in pRBC transfusion (OR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.61-0.96, p = 0.021), but a significant increase in cryoprecipitate (OR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.08-1.76, p = 0.009) and platelets transfusions (OR: 1.37 95% CI: 1.08- 1.76, p = 0.004). However, after adjustment for age < 12 months, ASA > 3, and RACHS > 3, the use of CS significantly reduced pRBC transfusion (OR: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.44-0.73, p < 0.001), with no effect on cryoprecipitate (OR: 1.08, 95% CI: 0.83-1.41, p = 0.543) and platelets transfusions (OR: 1.05, 95% CI: 0.81-1.36, p = 0.694). CONCLUSION: The use of CS in neonates and children undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB significantly reduced the incidence of pRBC transfusion. Although the systematic use of CS in adults has been associated with an increased incidence of non-pRBC transfusions, the use of CS in a high risk pediatric population (age < 12 months, ASA > 3, RACHS > 3) was associated with a 43% reduction of pRBC transfusion without any increases in cryoprecipitate and platelets transfusions.

With rapid economic growth and urbanization, solid waste generation and management is becoming a major social and environmental issue in Johannesburg. This rapid growth coupled with new consumption patterns has resulted in the over utilisation of natural resources. Consequently, there is more land being used for waste disposal and both pollution and environmental degradation are on the rise. These by-products of economic growth are not compatible with the principles of waste minimisation, which sees reuse and recycling as means for sustainable development. The concept of sustainable development is defined as “the development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of the future generations to meet their own needs” (Johannesburg World Summit on Sustainable Development Report, 2002). Sustainable waste management advocates for the integration of environmental matters with economic and social issues. It is within this sustainable environmental management context that the research work is undertaken to fulfil the principles of sustainable waste management practices. Recycling traditionally involves the recovery of plastics, glass, paper, cardboard, metal and rubber from the waste stream. The recovery of these materials will achieve significant volume reduction, on average according to Lombard (1990) between 30-40 per cent of domestic refuse. But, this should be economically viable and produce marketable goods. This option provides opportunities for salvagers to reclaim recyclable materials to sell and generate an income. Salvaging on landfill sites is strongly discouraged by the Minimum Requirements for Waste Disposal by Landfill (Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, 1998) and by the National Waste Management Strategy (Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism, 1998) as it interferes with the site operations and places salvagers at a high health and safety risk. The main aim of this mini dissertation is to determine whether or not recovery of recyclable material by salvagers contributes to the reduction of waste quantities to be handled by the landfill sites. The methodology used to obtain data for this research was the questionnaire interview approach where there was an interviewer who asked predefined questions and an interviewee who responded and answered questions as posed. In the discussion of both qualitative and quantitative data analysis, the research followed Dey’s (1993) approach, which seeks to combine different approaches such as the descriptive, classification and connection methodologies to gain a deeper understanding of qualitative data. The research findings are that white paper, clear plastic, newspaper, scrap metal, cardboard boxes and common paper are some of the waste components that are being recovered from landfill sites. But some recyclables are more sought after commodities than the others due to their monetary value and availability, white paper being the most popular and common paper the least popular. The results also illustrate that the recovery percentage does not contribute to a significant reduction in quantities of waste to be disposed at a landfill site, but it does benefits financially the salvagers through the resale of the recovered recyclable commodities. / Dr. L.G.C. Scheepers