Thesis (M.A.)--Sonoma State University, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 97-117).

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1969. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2006. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 374-409).

The sex trafficking industry is not only a social justice issue, but also an architectural issue. In the same urban fabric where people live, work, and socialize, victims of commercial sex trafficking live in the shadows, work in obscure environments, and isolate themselves from others. National and local resources in mental care, job training, and legal support fail to provide a holistic place of refuge for these displaced individuals. Current shelters that specifically serve sexually exploited victims also face limitations in their presence in urban neighborhoods, long-term availability, and types of living arrangements. With a specific socioeconomic climate and disparity in San Francisco, Bayview presents itself as an opportune place to provide refuge for both survivors of sexual exploitation and the low-income community. Even as a distressed neighborhood, its ethnic diversity and existing infrastructure would create a foundation for survivors to heal and reintegrate into a resilient community. At an urban scale, ecological infrastructures provide environmental revitalization from rising sea levels and economic restoration of industries significant to the neighborhood's historical identity. The architectural intervention focuses specifically on female survivors of sexual exploitation, ranging from youth to mothers with children, and how they would heal together and reintegrate into the community. Hand stitching is an integral part of this project's design process. It is a drawing medium that reflects the physical engagement through a meditative activity. It is also a visual language used to formulate spatial sequences, patterns, and movement. The mixed-use urban infill weaves in sanctuaries to heal as an individual, as a camaraderie, and along with the greater community. Residents dwell in the permanently supported community housing, where they mend bodies, hearts, and relationships in the home. Other survivors are welcomed into the drop-in facility, which provides initial resources like hygienic care and counseling. Retail spaces along the main corridor are programmed to create a synergetic seam between residents and their opportunities to participate in the neighborhood. Interior and exterior thresholds throughout the building interlace the duality of veiled and transparent spaces. This cohesive spatial journey would bind wounds, foster resiliency into the urban ecosystem, and ultimately be reconciled to a dignified home, workplace, to social environment. / Master of Architecture / Sex trafficking is a form of modern slavery. This inhumane industry is exacerbated in cities as more people move into the urban environment. In the same cities people live, work, and socialize, victims of commercial sex trafficking live in the shadows, work in obscure environments, and isolate themselves from others. Many sexually exploited victims receive limited care to recover from their physical, mental, and emotional wounds. Unfortunately, they are often grouped together with other displaced groups. This thesis calls out a specific group in need of healing, female survivors of sex trafficking, and considers a specific place where she can restore her sense of home, workplace, and community. The female survivor is given the name Jane Doe, and her unique narrative drives the types of spaces she needs to feel safe, loved, and cared for. The design proposal is sited in Bayview, an industrial urban neighborhood in southeastern San Francisco. The neighborhood at large is first reimagined to set a foundation for welcoming Jane Doe. Then, the proposed building integrates three types of spaces: a community housing, a drop-in center, and retail spaces with workshops. It is nestled amongst warehouses, houses, and other local shops. This thesis ultimately expresses the possibility architecture has in doing more than providing an inhabitable space. The architecture for Jane Doe is a sanctuary that plays a definitive role in healing her body, heart, and mind, as her sense of belonging is restored.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 1998. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 310-338).

Vigilantism has a long history in the United States stretching back to the Regulator movement in South Carolina in 1767. These extralegal movements are distinguished from spontaneous and ephemeral mob activity by their regular organization and limited life-span. The San Francisco Committee of Vigilance of 1856 was the largest vigilante movement in American history. After a summer of vigilantism that included four hangings, the committee turned to politics and formed the People’s Party which dominated San Francisco's city government for the next decade. The 1856 committee is generally considered the great exemplar of American vigilantism and has received considerable attention from scholars. San Francisco’s 1856 vigilance committee regarded itself as a reorganization of that city's 1851 Committee of Vigilance. Like its more illustrious offspring, the 1851 committee hanged four men and banished many others. The vigilantes of 1851 did not, however, form a political party. Because of this some scholars have considered the work of the 1851 committee to be incomplete and have deemed it less worthy of attention than the committee of 1856. But in attempting to understand the intellectual grounding of San Francisco's vigilantes, this view is incorrect. The vigilantes in 1856 felt they were carrying on the work of the 1851 committee. Thus, to comprehend the events of 1856 it is necessary to understand the inspiration for the 1851 vigilance committee. The key to vigilantism in San Francisco lies in 1851. An understanding of the spirit which animates vigilantism is valuable because of what it reveals about American concepts of self-government. Vigilantes conceive of their their authority as springing from the same source as does that of the government: the people. San Francisco provides an extraordinary case for the study of notions about popular sovereignty in antebellum America. In order to make sense of what happened in San Francisco in 1851 this thesis first analyzes the political thought and philosophy that had developed in America to that time. It also examines the changing social ethos that came to emphasize equality. The two vigilance committees of San Francisco were a consummation of the political and social developments of antebellum America. I have relied on the extensive secondary literature for my interpretation. San Francisco in 1851 was in the midst of a singular episode in American history: the gold rush. The promise of riches made California the reification of the ideals of equality and opportunity that matured during the antebellum era. For the exploration of California and San Francisco I have used secondary sources and some primary sources, especially the Alta California, one of San Francisco’s newspapers. This reliance on the Alta was in part due to its availability. The attitudes toward vigilantism expressed by the 표L후르 were similar to other California newspapers. All of them supported the vigilantes in 1851. The episode of vigilantism in 1851 was a formative experience for the city of San Francisco. It served as an example of popular action and helped to define the limits of such action for the city's residents. The relationship between popular action and government was illuminated in San Francisco. Because of the way in which the people were endowed with power, they could create government and later defy that same government without destroying their creation.

Millennial length temperature and precipitation reconstructions from tree rings are developed for the northern Arizona region and applied to questions regarding the nature of the cultural-environmental interface in the northern Southwest, the role of explosive volcanism as a forcing mechanism in temperature variability, and the state of late 20th century climate compared to the range of natural variability of the past. A 2660-year long bristlecone pine tree-ring chronology from high elevation in the San Francisco Peaks of northern Arizona is calibrated with instrumental annual mean-maximum temperature data to reconstruct temperature. Three 1400-year long lower elevation tree-ring chronologies, developed from both living trees and wood from archaeological sites on the Colorado Plateau, are calibrated with instrumental precipitation data (October-July) to reconstruct precipitation. The juxtaposition of these two reconstructions yields paleoclimatic insights unobtainable from either record alone. Results include the identification of wet, dry, cool, and warm intervals and the identification of periods of high and low variance in temperature and precipitation. Population movement into the Flagstaff area in the second half of the 11th century is attributed to relatively warm wet conditions. The role of temperature decline in the 13th century merits additional consideration in the prehistoric regional abandonment of the Four Corners area. Many of the reconstructed cold periods are linked to explosive volcanism. The second half of the 20th century is the warmest in the period of record, and extremely warm/wet conditions have persisted since 1976.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Stanford University, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 273-309).

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