In Saskatchewan, stroke is the third leading cause of death as well was the major cause of adult disability. Once a person suffers a stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA), they are at high risk for having a secondary (or recurrent) stroke. Despite this knowledge, secondary stroke prevention is often overlooked in the care of stroke/TIA patients. With the vision of decreasing the incidence and impact of stroke in Saskatchewan, the Saskatchewan Integrated Stroke Strategy (SISS) was recently implemented. The purpose of this study is to begin the development of an evaluation measurement system for the SISS based on the guidelines and measures from the Canadian Stroke Strategy (CSS) specifically pertaining to secondary stroke prevention.<p> This multi-year cross-sectional study is an analysis of de-identified health data derived from linkage of administrative and laboratory data. Select indicators from the CSS Performance Measurement Manual involving medications use for secondary stroke prevention (antihypertensives, antilipidemics, anticoagulants) and intermediate health outcomes (serum LDL cholesterol, INR) are calculated. Regression is used to quantify the association of patient demographic and socioeconomic characteristics and geographic location of care with receipt of guideline-recommended secondary stroke prevention. The target population is Saskatchewan residents who have been hospitalized for a stroke or TIA between April 1, 2001 and March 31, 2008.<p> The results of this study indicated that secondary stroke prevention in Saskatchewan is sub-optimal in the management of hypertension, dyslipidemia, and atrial fibrillation. Although there has been some improvement over the time period, a significant number of patients are not taking the recommended medications at discharge from acute care. Similarly, a considerable number of patients are not receiving the appropriate laboratory tests within the year following their stroke event. Through regression analysis it was revealed that a number of correlates (ie. age, income, on medication before the stroke event) were significantly associated with receiving these specific elements of secondary stroke prevention, suggesting potential differences in provision of care. Finally, regional differences in secondary stroke prevention were found for a number of the outcomes, which may indicate differences in care throughout the province.<p> The findings of this study serve as a baseline for evaluation of the impact of the Saskatchewan Integrated Stroke Strategy in the area of secondary stroke prevention. The results make apparent the fact that secondary stroke prevention in Saskatchewan can be improved, and that there is much opportunity for future research in this area.

Clarks Crossing, FbNo-24, is a farmstead site occupied during the late nineteenth century by John Fowler and Maggie Clark. It was during the excavation of this site during the Department of Archaeology Historical Archaeology Field School (2002-2005) at the University of Saskatchewan, under the direction of Dr. Margaret Kennedy, that interesting patterns in the ceramic assemblage were observed. There seemed to be a preference in the assemblage for moulded relief decorated white granite ware ceramics. This research was undertaken to explore that preference and possible meanings behind it. Three avenues of study are undertaken to accomplish the goal of learning more about the relationship between ceramics, consumer behaviour and the sociocultural landscape of the nineteenth century west. These avenues are as follows; a historical and archaeological study of the Clarks and the site of Clarks Crossing, a discussion of white granite ware ceramics and the issues regarding its classification, and an analysis of the ceramics at Clarks Crossing including an examination of the ware types, the makers marks, and the decorative technique and images found on the ceramics.<p> The behaviour of consumers can be influenced by several factors, including marketing and group membership or identity. Marketing can be a separate influence but it can also be seen as a factor in creating a perceived group identity. This thesis explores the influences on consumer behaviour in ceramics, specifically the ceramics of Clarks Crossing. It will discuss the implication that the ware type and decorative images on the ceramics act as the material manifestation of such influences.

This thesis questions the adequacy of the Department of the Interior's response to the land claims of Metis settlers in Green Lake, Saskatchewan.<p> Metis people originally settled in Green Lake because of the pattern of development of the fur trade. Green Lake was a major nexus on the fur trade transportation system, which encouraged Metis settlement and community development. After Confederation, when the national policy generated regional differentiation through uneven development, Green Lake remained under fur-trade domination.<P> National policy expansion reached Green Lake with surveys in 1909 and 1911, replacing fur-trade property relations with the Dominion Lands Act. The surveys revealed Green Lake as a fur trade settlement with property claims consistent with the fur trade economy. Prior treatment of such claims under national policy regulations promised recognition of Metis claims based on prior settlement.<P> Economic recession and World War I led to the abatement of national policy expansion. As a result, the department postponed action on the Metis claims until renewed interest in national policy settlement. Legislation passed in 1919 provided new direction to departmental consideration of the Green Lake claims. The only remnant of recognition of fur trade settlement was reference to 1908 legislation requiring occupancy at the time of treaty. The department subsequently disposed of Metis claims by offering most claimants only a right to purchase claimed land.<P> Departmental response to Metis claims at Green Lake was inadequate on several grounds. It failed to consider adequately property relations extant from the fur trade economy. It acted without due consideration for established precedents associated with the national policy. It acted ultra vires to carry out and justify a restrictive and mean spirited response to Metis claims. The retroactive nature of 1908 legislation unfairly penalized claimants in the Treaty Six area. The department's limitation of the eligibility of claimants by constrictive criteria was compounded by its failure to examine seriously the evidence of Metis settlement that would have met such criteria.<P> At the time of the 1930 transfer of land administration to the prairie provinces, the land claims of the Metis settlers of Green Lake remained unsatisfied.

A great deal of literature exists that documents the nature and development of relations between Native and Newcomer groups in what is today the Eastern and Maritime regions of Canada. By comparison, however, studies which examine interaction between these two groups in Canada's prairie region are considerably lacking. Although a sufficient amount has been written about prairie Indian peoples and their experiences with government officials and policy, relatively little is known about relations between Indian reserve communities and neighbouring immigrant communities, particularly during the early years of settlement. A survey of existing sources suggests that during this time Indian people were simply settled on reserves and immigrant towns grew up around them, each, it seems, operating in complete isolation from the other.<p>This thesis aims to fill this gap in the historical literature by attempting to draw out the essence of the integrated and intertwined elements of the history shared by two prairie communities. The basic aim of this study is to trace the nature and development of relations between Fishing Lake First Nation and Wadena, located in the east central portion of Saskatchewan, from the 1880s to the present. Exploring a Shared History seeks to provide a more thorough understanding of and broader perspective on an important, yet much-neglected, facet of the region's history.

This thesis questions the adequacy of the Department of the Interior's response to the land claims of Metis settlers in Green Lake, Saskatchewan.<p> Metis people originally settled in Green Lake because of the pattern of development of the fur trade. Green Lake was a major nexus on the fur trade transportation system, which encouraged Metis settlement and community development. After Confederation, when the national policy generated regional differentiation through uneven development, Green Lake remained under fur-trade domination.<P> National policy expansion reached Green Lake with surveys in 1909 and 1911, replacing fur-trade property relations with the Dominion Lands Act. The surveys revealed Green Lake as a fur trade settlement with property claims consistent with the fur trade economy. Prior treatment of such claims under national policy regulations promised recognition of Metis claims based on prior settlement.<P> Economic recession and World War I led to the abatement of national policy expansion. As a result, the department postponed action on the Metis claims until renewed interest in national policy settlement. Legislation passed in 1919 provided new direction to departmental consideration of the Green Lake claims. The only remnant of recognition of fur trade settlement was reference to 1908 legislation requiring occupancy at the time of treaty. The department subsequently disposed of Metis claims by offering most claimants only a right to purchase claimed land.<P> Departmental response to Metis claims at Green Lake was inadequate on several grounds. It failed to consider adequately property relations extant from the fur trade economy. It acted without due consideration for established precedents associated with the national policy. It acted ultra vires to carry out and justify a restrictive and mean spirited response to Metis claims. The retroactive nature of 1908 legislation unfairly penalized claimants in the Treaty Six area. The department's limitation of the eligibility of claimants by constrictive criteria was compounded by its failure to examine seriously the evidence of Metis settlement that would have met such criteria.<P> At the time of the 1930 transfer of land administration to the prairie provinces, the land claims of the Metis settlers of Green Lake remained unsatisfied.

This Thesis attempts to develop an understanding of the problems that Aboriginal offenders encounter in the Canadian justice system and examines why Euro-Canadian justice philosophy and mechanisms are not appropriate or effective. It is often very difficult for non-Aboriginal persons to understand that there is a difference between being Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal. This difference impacts offenders as they interact with the criminal justice system.<p> The sentencing circle is one process by which the sentencing judge can obtain a clearer picture of the offender and consider sentencing options other than the `usual punishment'. It is an opportunity for the offender to address the consequences of his or her actions and to seek the help of community and family. It is also an opportunity for the victim to be heard and to seek redress.<p> Current sentencing practices and theory are briefly examined as they bear on sentencing circles. Issues which have arisen as a result of the implementation of sentencing circles in Saskatchewan are examined (where possible, within the context of Saskatchewan case law).<p> The use of sentencing circles has raised questions about the current approach to sentencing as contrasted with the restorative approach of the circle. The restorative approach to justice is a recurring theme throughout the Thesis. The different approach of the sentencing circle to the offender and the involvement of the community in the sentencing process have raised questions about incarcerating offenders, about disparity in sentences, about the protection of the public, and about the role of the community, the family and victims in the sentencing and rehabilitative processes. These issues are examined.<p> This Thesis has also attempted to draw some conclusions about the larger issue of where sentencing circles may be leading the justice system and the Canadian public. Is the sentencing circle merely an innovation within the justice system that can provide a more effective sentencing mechanism than the sentencing hearing? Or, is the sentencing circle leading Aboriginal peoples towards their own justice systems?<p> The sentencing circle has forced an examination of current sentencing practices. This, in turn, has opened a window of opportunity to do some serious re-evaluation of the existing sentencing process.

Clarks Crossing, FbNo-24, is a farmstead site occupied during the late nineteenth century by John Fowler and Maggie Clark. It was during the excavation of this site during the Department of Archaeology Historical Archaeology Field School (2002-2005) at the University of Saskatchewan, under the direction of Dr. Margaret Kennedy, that interesting patterns in the ceramic assemblage were observed. There seemed to be a preference in the assemblage for moulded relief decorated white granite ware ceramics. This research was undertaken to explore that preference and possible meanings behind it. Three avenues of study are undertaken to accomplish the goal of learning more about the relationship between ceramics, consumer behaviour and the sociocultural landscape of the nineteenth century west. These avenues are as follows; a historical and archaeological study of the Clarks and the site of Clarks Crossing, a discussion of white granite ware ceramics and the issues regarding its classification, and an analysis of the ceramics at Clarks Crossing including an examination of the ware types, the makers marks, and the decorative technique and images found on the ceramics.<p> The behaviour of consumers can be influenced by several factors, including marketing and group membership or identity. Marketing can be a separate influence but it can also be seen as a factor in creating a perceived group identity. This thesis explores the influences on consumer behaviour in ceramics, specifically the ceramics of Clarks Crossing. It will discuss the implication that the ware type and decorative images on the ceramics act as the material manifestation of such influences.

In Saskatchewan, stroke is the third leading cause of death as well was the major cause of adult disability. Once a person suffers a stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA), they are at high risk for having a secondary (or recurrent) stroke. Despite this knowledge, secondary stroke prevention is often overlooked in the care of stroke/TIA patients. With the vision of decreasing the incidence and impact of stroke in Saskatchewan, the Saskatchewan Integrated Stroke Strategy (SISS) was recently implemented. The purpose of this study is to begin the development of an evaluation measurement system for the SISS based on the guidelines and measures from the Canadian Stroke Strategy (CSS) specifically pertaining to secondary stroke prevention.<p> This multi-year cross-sectional study is an analysis of de-identified health data derived from linkage of administrative and laboratory data. Select indicators from the CSS Performance Measurement Manual involving medications use for secondary stroke prevention (antihypertensives, antilipidemics, anticoagulants) and intermediate health outcomes (serum LDL cholesterol, INR) are calculated. Regression is used to quantify the association of patient demographic and socioeconomic characteristics and geographic location of care with receipt of guideline-recommended secondary stroke prevention. The target population is Saskatchewan residents who have been hospitalized for a stroke or TIA between April 1, 2001 and March 31, 2008.<p> The results of this study indicated that secondary stroke prevention in Saskatchewan is sub-optimal in the management of hypertension, dyslipidemia, and atrial fibrillation. Although there has been some improvement over the time period, a significant number of patients are not taking the recommended medications at discharge from acute care. Similarly, a considerable number of patients are not receiving the appropriate laboratory tests within the year following their stroke event. Through regression analysis it was revealed that a number of correlates (ie. age, income, on medication before the stroke event) were significantly associated with receiving these specific elements of secondary stroke prevention, suggesting potential differences in provision of care. Finally, regional differences in secondary stroke prevention were found for a number of the outcomes, which may indicate differences in care throughout the province.<p> The findings of this study serve as a baseline for evaluation of the impact of the Saskatchewan Integrated Stroke Strategy in the area of secondary stroke prevention. The results make apparent the fact that secondary stroke prevention in Saskatchewan can be improved, and that there is much opportunity for future research in this area.

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