Shortage of timber input for processing industries is the main issue facing the Malaysian forest sector. The need to implement policies which will ease the pressure on timber shortage and induce the expansion of forest sector industry, development of rubberwood sector in Malaysia is becoming increasingly urgent. The Malaysian government has announced and implemented three main policies: timber market restriction, encourage utilisation of rubberwood and promotion of lesser-known timber species (LKS). Application of timber market restriction policies has a considerable dispute; firstly because of widespread disagreement over the effect on efficiency of utilisation of timber that lead to timber harvest and deforestation and secondly it will undermine the government effort to promote utilisation of rubberwood and lesser known species. In this thesis, an attempt has been made to enlarge the available empirical knowledge of such effect through a. multi-sectoral forest - rubberwood sector model simulation. An analytical framework is developed, focusing on three major product of the forest sector; log, sawnWood and plywood, and two major products of rubberwood sector; rubberwood log and sawn rubberwood. The framework is used to developed an empirical model of forest-rubberwood and analysed the effect of market restriction policy on forest harvest behaviour, sawnwood and plywood development, rubberwood sector development and change in forest cover. The production, consumption and export of timber, sawnwood, plywood, rubberwood and sawn rubberwood, and change in forest cover have been examined in relation to a number of market policies: export taxes, export ban and import ban, and other alternative policies; royalty, exchange rate, wood utilisation efficiency and subsidies. A series of simulations was undertaken to describe the effect of these policies. The analysis suggests that export restriction on processed timber product will reduced the timber harvest and improved the forest cover but will hinder or distort the development of rubberwood sector and utilisation of less timber species. Related to the deforestation, the notion of environmental Kuznets curve is also examined. The results does not support the existence of this notion for Malaysia. In addition to sectoral analysis, an extended analysis using species harvest was undertaken, as a new approach to investigate efficiency of utilisation of wood resource and forest cover. The results show that promotion of species utilisation will not be achieved with the implementation of market restriction policy on forest products. Species analysis also indicate that in the absence of full data on the quantity of forest harvest, species harvest data would be a good alternative to estimate the effect of policies on forest cover.

The forest products industry of Indonesia grew rapidly after the establishment of the log export ban policy in May 1980. As a result, within about five years, Indonesia was transformed from the biggest exporter of tropical logs into a major exporter of processed wood products. To better understand this transition, this study presents multiple regression models of Indonesian sawnwood and plywood production and consumption based on time series data from 1970 to 1994. This study had three main objectives: 1) to create models that can be used for projecting future production of Indonesian sawnwood and plywood, 2) to identify the relationship and establish the degree of association between production and factors that influence their trends, and 3) to analyze Indonesian forestry policies of log export ban and sawnwood export tax as they affect production of sawnwood and plywood. Domestic sawnwood consumption was modeled as a function of population, log export policy (no log export ban vs. log export ban), and sawnwood tax policy (tax vs. no tax). Domestic plywood consumption was modeled as a function of population, consumer price index (CPI), and log export policy (ban vs. no ban). Export plywood consumption was modeled as function of exchange rate, log export policy, and sawnwood tax policy. The consumption and production of sawnwood and plywood were analyzed by multiple regression techniques. All parameters in the sawnwood and plywood equation were found to be significant. However, price did not influence the consumption or production of sawnwood and plywood significantly. All parameters in this study were found to be elastic. It is found that, during the period under investigation (using 1970 as the base year), the production and consumption of Indonesian sawnwood and plywood increased considerably. The projection of sawnwood and plywood productions for 5 years (1995-1999) also shows an increasing trend. / Master of Science

Diss. (sammanfattning). Umeå : Sveriges lantbruksuniv., 2003. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniv. / Härtill 3 uppsatser.

Diss. Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniv., 2000.

Lic.-avh. Luleå : Luleå tekniska univ., 2005.

Lic.-avh. Luleå : Luleå tekniska univ., 2005. / Härtill 3 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniv. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T14:56:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2008 - Kelysson de Freitas Amparo.pdf: 3210670 bytes, checksum: fc139c4d95da126bd1c41d4980ceb74a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-08-23 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / In this research were studied thirty trees of Eucalyptus saligna Smith wood, sampled in a twenty year-old plantation located in Serop?dica/RJ. Each tree supplied a log with 2.30 meters in length for the study of the sawn process and panels production ( PCLs ). The processing of the logs was made in the LPZ Madeiras and Artefatos Ltda sawmill - Pira?/RJ, being determined the revenue in sawnwood. Later on, the boards went by the process of artificial drying, with controlled conditions, in the Laboratory of Wood Drying, of the Forest Products Department, of the Forest Institute, of UFRuralRJ. In the qualitative evaluation, were determinate the defects indexes of the wood after drying. Smaller pieces were produced and were used in the glued panels production. The glued panels were produced from four treatments, for comparison among them, being these: simple panel with simple top connection (T1), simple panel with finger-joint connection (T2), double panel with simple top connection (T3), and double panel with finger-joint connection (T4). Were quantified the revenue of the conversion of the logs in sawnwood; the qualitative indexes of boards defects after the artificial drying; the revenue of the conversion of the boards in glued panels (being eliminated defects as cracks and severe torsion); and the resistance properties of PCLs through the shear, traction and static bending tests, following normative procedures of the document ABNT NBR 7190:1997 and ASTM D-1037. As practical example of the application of the eucalyptus glued panels was produced an experimental furniture (armchair), being discussed the problems and solutions found in the application of the studied material. / Neste trabalho foram avaliadas trinta ?rvores do g?nero Eucalyptus saligna Smith, amostradas em um talh?o de vinte anos de idade localizado no campus da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, em Serop?dica/RJ. Cada ?rvore forneceu uma tora com 2,30 metros de comprimento cada uma, para o estudo do processo em escala piloto de obten??o de madeira serrada e pain?is colados lateralmente (PCLs). O processamento das toras foi efetuado na serraria LPZ Madeiras e Artefatos Ltda., em Pira?/RJ, determinando-se o rendimento em madeira serrada. Posteriormente, as t?buas passaram pelo processo de secagem artificial, em c?mara de secagem automatizada com condi??es controladas, no Laborat?rio de Secagem, do Departamento de Produtos Florestais, do Instituto de Florestas da UFRuralRJ. Na avalia??o qualitativa, foram avaliados os ?ndices de defeitos na madeira ap?s secagem. A seguir as t?buas foram levadas para o Laborat?rio de Usinagem e Beneficiamento da Madeira do DPF/IF/UFRuralRJ, onde foram resserradas, produzindo sarrafos, que foram utilizados na confec??o de pain?is colados lateralmente e de um m?vel (poltrona). Os pain?is colados lateralmente foram produzidos a partir de quatro tratamentos, para compara??o entre eles, sendo estes: painel simples com emendas de topo (T1), painel simples com emendas tipo finger-joint (T2), painel com dupla camada de sarrafos com emendas de topo (T3), e painel com dupla camada de sarrafos com emendas tipo finger-joint (T4). Foram quantificados o rendimento da convers?o das toras em madeira serrada; os ?ndices qualitativos de defeitos presentes nas t?buas ap?s a secagem artificial; o rendimento da convers?o da madeira serrada em pain?is colados lateralmente (eliminando-se defeitos como rachaduras, n?s soltos e empenamentos severos); e as propriedades de resist?ncia dos PCLs atrav?s dos ensaios de cisalhamento e tra??o, adaptados ao material e seguindo procedimentos normativos do documento ABNT NBR 7190:1997 e ensaios de flex?o orientados pelo documento normativo ASTM D-1037 (norma americana). Como exemplo pr?tico da aplica??o dos pain?is colados de eucalipto foi produzido um m?vel (poltrona), sendo discutidos e avaliados os problemas e solu??es encontrados na aplica??o do material estudado.