This investigation presented a comparative analysis of the contributions made by Karen Horney and Sigmund Freud to the early psychoanalytic female developmental theory and examined an hypothesized relationship between their contributions and the contemporary reformulations of this theory. Major questions asked were: (1) In what ways did Karen Horney's ideas on female development differ from those of Freud and his collaborators? (2) Why were Horney's ideas refuted by Freud and why was her work virtually ignored by mainstream psychoanalysis? (3) What was the impetus for the revisions of the Freudian female theory and why were these revisions so long in coming? (4) Can it be shown that Karen Horney's original ideas on feminine development are far more closely wed to the current psychoanalytic position on female development than are Freud's? The method of investigation included: (1) tracing the authorship of the original psychoanalytic female theory over the four decade course of its inception and maturation, (2) outlining the points of contention between Freud and Horney, (3) investigating and illuminating the impetus for revisions to the original female theory that have arisen since the 1970s, (4) documenting the instances in which Karen Horney was overlooked by contemporary theorists despite the striking similarities between their alterations and Horney's original formulations, (5) culling out the major revisionist's themes in the current reformulations of the female theory, and (6) making a comparative analysis between these revisionist's themes and Horney's and Freud's original formulations Findings confirmed that Karen Horney's early psychoanalytic formulations about female development are much closer to the efforts of current psychoanalytic theoreticians than the classical Freudian paradigm. This is true despite the lack of acknowledgment from psychoanalytic theoreticians of any merit to Horney's early proposals about female psychosexuality and the disappearance of Horney's work following her disagreement with Freud / acase@tulane.edu

This exploratory study completed in 1996 of 34 Vietnam veteran voluntary respondents was conducted to explore the strength of association between Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and nine specific components of grief. Comparisons were made of the resulting global scores on the Mississippi Scale for Combat-Related PTSD and the scores from each scale of the Grief Experience Inventory (GEI). The nine scales, or specific grief components, are Despair, Anger, Guilt, Social Isolation, Loss of Control, Rumination, Depersonalization, Somatization, and Death Anxiety. A nonparametric statistic, the Spearman rank correlation coefficient was used to analyze the comparative rankings of scores Results suggest that each of the nine comparisons was positively related and significant at, at least, the.05 level. Rankings of scores for Despair, Somatization, and Anger/Hostility were the variables indicating the highest agreement with rankings of PTSD scores The research builds on interactive models of PTSD etiology and contributes to the quantitative exploration of the correlation between the components of grief and PTSD still being manifested. The findings support the stage of grief resolution as an important consideration for assessment and treatment of PTSD / acase@tulane.edu

This study focuses on the River Front Missions in New Orleans from 1946-1969. The River Front Missions consisted of four Baptist settlement houses, or Good Will Centers, Rachel Sims Memorial Mission; Carver Baptist Center; Toledano Mission; and Bowen Center. Baptist settlement work in New Orleans was examined in the context of Southern Baptist settlement work and the Social Settlement Movement in social work. Five aspects of settlement work were studied: (1) purpose; (2) settlement leaders, staff, and volunteers; (3) neighborhoods and neighborhood residents; (4) programs and service delivery; and (5) governing boards and funding This research adds to the literature supporting an expanded definition of the Settlement Movement to recognize the contributions of religious settlements, in particular, Southern Baptist settlements. In comparing and contrasting Baptist Good Will Centers with social settlements, more similarities than differences were evident. Both social settlements and Baptist Good Will Centers emphasized residence in the neighborhood and community assessment. Both groups also had religious motivations and missionary intentions. In addition, social and Baptist Good Will Centers had more success working with children and offered programs specifically designed for children. Women found opportunities of service in social settlements and Baptist Good Will Centers, even though they eventually lost many of the leadership positions to men. The characteristics of settlement workers also were similar in social and Baptist settlements. Finally, the settlements confronted some of the same challenges in regard to funding and transitioning neighborhoods The implications of the study for social work include the choice to recognize and reassess the value and role of religious service providers. In addition, social work educators can consider teaching and examining the religious roots of settlement houses and social work in general. Social work educators also may encourage religious service workers to consider professional social work education to gain additional training and skills to enhance their work. Social workers also can choose to advocate for religious providers to maintain their identity and purpose as they fill gaps in community social services / acase@tulane.edu

This fourteen week study used a repeated measures design to compare how three groups of alcoholic women differed on the variables self-esteem, dependency, sex-role conflicts and depression after exposure to Gender-Specific Intervention. Within a university setting, six female and ten male subjects underwent treatment as well as pre-, post-, and follow up testing. It was hypothesized that women in the gender-specific group would demonstrate significant increases in self-esteem and significant decreases in dependency, sex-role conflicts and depression as measured by test scores on the Self-Esteem Questionnaire, Rotter I-E Scale and the BM Sex-Role and Beck Depression Inventories respectively. Women in the gender-mixed and comparison control groups were not predicted to show significant changes. The hypothesis concerning self-esteem was supported; the remaining hypotheses were not / acase@tulane.edu

This study examined how levels of family cohesion, as postulated by Minuchin et al, (1967) impacted affective disorders in adolescents. Fifty-five families participated in this research. The FACES III was utilized to determine the families level of cohesion. Three of the SCL-90-R's diagnostic syndrome clusters (depression, agoraphobia, generalized anxiety disorder) were used to predict psychopathology in the adolescent. The results suggested that disengaged levels of family cohesion produced significant levels of affective disorders in adolescents when compared to separated/connected families. This finding is opposite to what Minuchin et al, (1967) predicted. One postulate for these results is that families with adolescents at the 'launching stage' in the family life cycle, will accomodate their level of cohesion as an adaptation to the adolescent moving closer to adult status. This is congruent with Olson et al. (1983) hypothesis on family development. A second possibility this study may suggest is that disengaged families, with their lack of boundaries and ties, could develop members with affective disorders. This supports the attachment (loss of significant other) and developmental (object loss) theories of depression. This study does support that Minuchin et al. (1967) and Olson et al. (1983) theories that family styles in the middle of the family cohesion continuum are significantly less likely to produce psychopathology / acase@tulane.edu

This study explores the events that occurred following Hurricane Katrina. The researcher aims to use this study to suggest ways of improving disaster response in the city of New Orleans and raise awareness of the vulnerability that still exists for certain populations following Hurricane Katrina. Communication, miscommunication and coordination are the 3 variables that are the focus of this investigation. This study lends itself readily to the theory of Social Network Analysis in that it attempts to illustrate the relationships that formed between various organizations in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina Four hypotheses were tested through this study. The investigator expects the data to show that the occurrence and frequency of communication was low immediately following Hurricane Katrina. The data will show that the level of communication was not adequate in the response effort. The degree of communication will be positively correlated with degree of coordination immediately following Katrina. Miscommunication will be negatively correlated with coordination immediately following the storm's landfall Quantitative content analysis was used to analyze the data and test the hypotheses. All the data utilized in this study came from media reports. Ninety-one organizations were indicated as playing a part in the relief effort at some point during the two weeks following Hurricane Katrina. A Pearson correlation revealed a positive correlation between the summed interactions of all 3 primary variables (communication, coordination, and miscommunication) Three of the hypotheses were supported by the results. One hypothesis was not supported. The occurrence and frequency of communication was low immediately following Hurricane Katrina. The results support the hypothesis that coordination was not adequate in the days following Hurricane Katrina. The data showed that communication was positively correlated with coordination. However, miscommunication was positively correlated with coordination, which was not hypothesized. FEMA and the federal, state, and local levels of government were found to be the most central organizations to the relief effort. The results of this study suggest that increasing interorganizational communication and establishing clearly defined roles for organizations must be a high priority in revamping organizational protocol on disaster response if any new approaches are to be successful / acase@tulane.edu

Professional education leading to a Master of Social Work degree has been offered at the University of British Columbia since 1945. In this period of time, more than 350 people have been awarded this Masters' degree. A large majority of these people have been caseworkers, while a minority have been groupworkers. There are two major focuses of this study. The first is a descriptive survey of the graduates for the purpose of gaining background and professional information. The second focus of this study is a comparative analysis of the caseworkers and groupworkers, with particular emphasis on vertical and horizontal mobility and on the factor of genericism. From the information which was obtained in a mailed questionnaire, many similarities and differences were identified between the caseworkers and the groupworkers. They indicated basically similar, patterns of upward social and professional mobility. Caseworkers and groupworkers have similar experiences in regard to such aspects of their profession as number of jobs held, number of settings in which they have practiced, length of time spent in one position, and geographical locations of their jobs. There are a number of interesting differences in the patterns of vertical mobility experienced by caseworkers and groupworkers, for example, a much higher percentage of group-workers than caseworkers entered supervisory and administrative positions in their first job after M.S.W. graduation. The section on genericism first outlines the three perspectives from which the concept can be viewed. A "generic" practitioner is operationally defined as one who spends not more than 80% of his time engaged in one method and at least 10% engaged in a second method. Fairly large numbers of both caseworkers and groupworkers were found to be generic Social Workers, but a significantly higher percentage of groupworkers than caseworkers could be so considered. Conclusions are drawn from the findings on mobility and genericism and possible implications are drawn for training and for the field. / Arts, Faculty of / Social Work, School of / Graduate

The purpose of this study was to design and test-out a workshop to help fathers of special needs children with their transition to fatherhood. The workshop was evaluated to ascertain how effective it was in helping the fathers to understand and feel more engaged and open to their experience of fatherhood. Also of importance was the positive impact that the workshop had on men's sense of isolation as fathers, self-esteem as fathers, and their ability to see their experience from a larger, more self-accepting and positive perspective. This is an unexplored area of study and this was a pilot project focused on developing a new resource. In the dissertation specific components of the study and workshop process, such as interviews, leadership style, as well as, specific workshop exercises (the sharing of personal stories, photography, collage making, guided imagery and infant massage) were examined to evaluate how they contributed to the over-all effectiveness of the workshop. In the dissertation a model of intervention is proposed by which fathers of young special needs children could more fully align themselves with their own creativity, and, thereby, empower themselves to take on the challenges of new fatherhood in a way that enriched and supported their personal growth. It was a model that supported men to more fully engage their experience of fatherhood and claim its richness and power. It was a model based on men supporting men, and in this regard, it provided men with models of male caring, and it supported men to experience themselves as nurturers.

The School of Social Work at Portland State University has administered a Maternal and Child Health Training Project over the past ten years which has focused on two major objectives: 1) providing medically oriented social workers for the state of Oregon, and; 2) stimulating interest in maternal and child health in the field of social work. The purpose of the study was to obtain some data in order to evaluate the degree of success experienced in realizing these objectives. The study sought to determine where the 53 graduates who have been trained through the project are employed, what aspects of their jobs relate to medical social work generally and maternal and child health concerns specifically, and what components within the curriculum content that they experienced have been particularly helpful in carrying out their tasks while working in a medically related setting.

This study focuses on the preparedness, and perception of Bachelor and Master of Social Work students in a California State University when encountering with clients in mixed-status families. The students were contacted via school email and provided with a questionnaire that inquired their preparedness when assisting undocumented clients, and their families. The results of the study concluded that majority of the students have encountered working with mixed-status families either in a personal or professional setting. Though, the data collected indicated that there are several factors that have impacted their knowledge of how to assist and provide linkage to other resources to undocumentedindividuals, and their families. The majority of respondents reported having an insufficiency knowledge of resources on the topic. These outcomes suggest that the Schools of Social Work should consider literature on Mixed-status families for Social Work students to provide appropriate services for them. A quantitative method was used to analyze and collect information from the students.