Thesis (M. Heal. Sc.)--University of Canterbury, 2006. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references (leaves 63-67). Also available via the World Wide Web.

Human trafficking is a global issue with every country being affected. Victims of human trafficking endure extreme and prolonged psychological, physical, and sexual trauma, which often lead to healthcare facility visits while in captivity. It is estimated that 28% of human trafficking victims come into contact with a healthcare professional, yet few victims are detected in the healthcare setting. The aims of this study were, therefore, to summarize and compare English screening protocol literature, disseminate the most effective screening questions in a format easily accessible to healthcare providers, and to identify gaps in the literature. Research about utilizing trafficking screening protocols in a healthcare setting is a relatively new phenomenon since trafficking has been traditionally framed as a security matter rather than a health matter. A scoping review was conducted using the five-stage Arksey and O’Malley (2005) framework with revisions from Daudt, van Mossel, and Scott (2013), and Levac, Colquhoun and O’Brien (2010). Findings were summarized thematically: 1) pre-screening, 2) screening questions, 3) post-screening, and 4) training. Twenty-nine sources were included of 325 identified with most (68.97%) being published in the United States. There was only one validated screening protocol: 94.12% of screening protocols lacked scientific reasoning for chosen questions. With limited access to evidence-based screening protocols, healthcare professionals globally may be using outdated screening questions that are less effective when trying to identify trafficking victims. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc) / Victims of trafficking sustain psychological, physical, and sexual injuries, which often lead to healthcare facility visits. Although trafficking victims do come into contact with healthcare professionals while in captivity, few victims are identified in the healthcare setting. This study, therefore, aims to uncover English human trafficking screening protocols, to compare the protocols, and to share the most effective questions for healthcare professionals when trying to identify a victim of trafficking. Previous studies have failed to address this issue globally since trafficking has traditionally been framed as a security matter rather than a health matter. Electronic databases were searched using defined keywords for screening protocol literature, revealing 29 relevant documents after review. Only one, recently developed screening tool was validated, meaning that healthcare professionals globally may be using outdated screening questions that are less effective when trying to identifying trafficking victims.

The onset of dysphagia (swallowing difficulty) is associated with increasing age and the diseases that frequently occur with increasing age. Dysphagia increases the risk of dehydration and malnutrition with subsequent declines in body composition, physical health, and quality of life. The purpose of the present study was to administer a set of valid objective and perceptual measures to document (a) physical health, and (b) nutrition and hydration, relative to (c) swallowing function in 15 self-reported healthy older women in a Continuing Care Retirement Community. Statistically significant (p < 0.05) correlations were identified between perceived physical health, emotional well-being, and reflux symptoms and objective measures of breathing capacity, blood oxygen level, and tongue strength and endurance. The consumption of a regular, unrestricted diet was significantly associated with Eating Duration and Eating Desire on the Swallowing Quality of Life (SWAL-QOL) survey. Objective measures and participants’ responses on the SWAL-QOL identified a subgroup of older adults who were experiencing swallowing difficulties. Results confirm the importance of including both objective and perceptual measures of physical health, nutrition, hydration, and swallowing function in a screening protocol for older adults in residential care to identify those at-risk for developing dysphagia. / Thesis (M.S.)--Wichita State University, College of Health Professions, Dept. of Communication Sciences and Disorders

Aim Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire 2007 (DCDQ'07) is an international survey tool based on parents' estimation of their child's motor coordination skills. The purpose of this study was to investigate the validity of a Swedish version of DCDQ'07 by finding out how the classification of Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) via DCDQ'07 is consistent with the classification of DCD via the motor impairment test, Movement ABC. MethodIn the context of a larger study, a Swedish translated version of the parent survey DCDQ'07 were sent to 4000 randomly selected families with children aged 8 - 10 years in Stockholm County. The classifications "DCD" or "NOT DCD" with cut-off values ​​of 56 (9 years) and 57 (10 years) were applied. Forty families were selected from 410 registered responses. Parents and children were invited to the Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences for additional motor skills tests. Thirty-four children (8.5 ± 0.6 years) completed the quantitative part of the Movement ABC chosen as the standard criteria for motor performance with the 15th percentile as a criterion for DCD. Data processing was performed in IBM SPSS Statistics 19. Receiver Operator Characteristic curve (ROC) was used to determine positive criterion for DCDQ'07. The correlation analysis Spearman's Rho was used. Level of significance was set at p &lt;0.05. ResultsAt the cut-off values ​​of &lt;56 (9 years) and &lt;57 (10 years) the DCDQ'07 reached a sensitivity of 80 %, a specificity of 67 % and positive predicted value (ppv) of 50 %. The accepted consensus with Kappa was just below 0.4. Significant correlations were found between the Movement ABC and the total score of DCDQ'07 (r = - 0,61) and between the three subcomponents in DCDQ'07 and the sub-tasks of the Movement ABC, except one task. ConclusionThe Swedish version of DCDQ’07 exhibits an acceptable validity and is a useful screening instrument to identify children with suspected DCD. The test meets the requirement (80 %) to identify children with motor problems (sensitivity) and satisfy nearly requirement (70 %) for specificity, which is the ability to correctly identify children without motor problems. Cut-off values ​​between 48 and 57 are recommended, depending which groups should be investigated. Lower values ​​are recommended for clinical groups and higher for population-based studies. / Syfte och frågeställningar Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire 2007 (DCDQ’07) är ett internationellt enkätverktyg som utgår från föräldrars skattning av sitt barns motorik. Syftet med studien var att undersöka validiteten i en svensk version av DCDQ’07 genom att ta reda på hur klassificeringen av Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) via DCDQ’07 stämmer med klassificering av DCD via motoriktestet Movement ABC. Metod I samband med en större studie skickades en svensk översatt version av föräldrarenkäten DCDQ’07 ut till 4000 slumpvis utvalda familjer med barn i åldrarna 8 ─ 10 år i Stockholms län. Klassificeringarna ”DCD” eller ”NOT DCD” med cutoff värdena 56 (9 år) och 57 (10 år) tillämpades. Bland 410 registrerade svar valdes 40 familjer ut. Föräldrar och barn bjöds in till Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan för ytterligare motoriktest. Trettiofyra barn (8.5 ± 0,6 år) genomförde den kvantitativa delen av Movement ABC som valts som standard för motorisk förmåga med 15:e percentilen som kriterium för DCD. Databearbetning utfördes i IBM SPSS Statistics 19. Receiver- operator characteristic curve (ROC graf) användes för att fastställa positivt kriterium för DCDQ’07. För korrelationsanalys användes Spearmans Rho.  Signifikansnivån sattes till p&lt;0,05. Resultat Vid cutoff värdena &lt;56 (9 år) och &lt; 57 (10 år) i DCDQ’07 nåddes en sensitivitet på 80 %, en specificitet på 67 % och positive predicted value (ppv) på 50 %.  Den accepterade samstämmigheten med Kappa var strax under 0.4 . Signifikant korrelation påvisades mellan Movement ABC och totalpoäng på DCDQ’07 (r = - 0,61) och mellan de tre delkomponenterna i DCDQ’07 och samtliga deluppgifter i Movement ABC, förutom en uppgift.   Slutsats Den svenska versionen av DCDQ’07 uppvisar en acceptabel validitet och är ett lämpligt screeningsinstrument för att fånga upp barn med motoriska problem. Testet möter kravet (80 %) för att identifiera barn med trolig DCD (sensitivitet) och uppfyller nästan kravet (70 %) för specificitet, dvs. förmåga att korrekt identifiera barn utan problem. Cutoff värden mellan 48 och 57 rekommenderas beroende vilka grupper som skall undersökas. Lägre värden rekommenderas för kliniska grupper och högre för populationsstudier.