Abstract China imitates U.S.A. and wants to have one's own aircraft carriers to fight group in the 21st century, in order to consolidate regional power status, and by the thinking logic and military common sense, it is a essential policy for building the army to be inevitable too. The plural western military observers think that the Varyag may become the first aircraft carrier of the Chinese navy. If they match two more new-type destroyers, three convoy destroyers, two nuclear powers submarines, an oil ship, they will form an aircraft carrier battle group that has attack ability. Because of safeguarding the sovereignty, China need to have an appropriate NAVY.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Murdoch University, 2005. / Thesis submitted to the Division of Science and Engineering. Bibliography: leaves 257-275.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Auburn University. / Abstract. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--Northern Michigan University, 2008. / Bibliography: leaves 57-63.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Universitas Diponegoro, 1982. / Summary in English. Includes bibliographical references (p. 304-312) and index.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Aberdeen University, 2009. / Title from web page (viewed on Oct. 5, 2009). Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--College of William and Mary. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Graduation date: 1980

Allocentrotus fragilis (Jackson) was obtained from six stations at depths of 100 to 1260 m on the continental shelf and upper slope off Newport, Oregon. Ages and growth rates of A. fragilis were determined by two methods: 1) A procedure was developed to make growth zones of the skeletal test plates visible. Alternating light and dark growth zones were found to be formed semi-annually. The total number of growth zones was used to indicate the urchin's age. 2) Age and growth rate values were also determined from analyses of size-frequency distributions of trawl collections from 200 m. Collections from other depths were not adequate for size-frequency analyses. Gonad indices of A. fragilis from 200 m were used to determine spawning periodicity and frequency. A semi-annual frequency was found, with spawning occurring in early spring and early autumn. No A. fragilis specimens collected below 400 m were reproductively mature. The growth curve of A. fragilis from 200 m, which was plotted from the mean test diameter of age groups defined by test plate growth zones, shows a good least-squares fit with von Bertalanffy's growth equation. Growth rates were similar for A. fragilis from 100-600 m, but decreased for specimens from 800 and 1260 m. The maximum test diameter decreased with increasing depth below 200 m. Variation of magnesium content of the calcareous skeletal plates was due largely to variation with age. Little skeletal Mg variation was found at different depths for specimens of the same age. Greater Mg content differences occurred between young and old specimens from the same depth, and between young and old test plates of the same individual. The effects of several environmental factors on the growth rate and maximum size of A. fragi1is are discussed. Of these factors, food availability, water temperature, and oxygen tension form gradients with depth or distance offshore; and were considered to be important in affecting the growth of A. fragilis. / Graduation date: 1971

Thesis (M.S. in Meteorology and Physical Oceanography)--Naval Postgraduate School, March 1990. / Thesis Advisor(s): Gascard, Jean-Claude. Second Reader: Bourke, Robert H. "March 1990." Description based on signature page August 25, 2009. DTIC Descriptor(s): Sea Ice, Tidal Currents, Ocean Tides, Optimization, Ocean Waves, Morphology, Motion, Theses, Vortices, Drift, Surface Properties, Resonance, Convergence, Trajectories, Ocean Bottom Topography, Currents, Diurnal Variations, Grinding, Buoys, Arctic Ocean, Polar Regions, Plateaus, Velocity, Stations. Author(s) subject terms: Transpolar Drift, Sea Ice, ARCTEMIZ 86, Yermak Plateau, Diurnal Tidal Currents. Includes bibliographical references (p. 88-89). Also available online.