Face au consumérisme et à l’individualisme ambiants, à l’érosion de l’autorité éducative et à des manifestations de violence dans certains établissements scolaires, et parfois d’intolérance religieuse et ethnique, cette thèse propose plusieurs pistes de réflexion et des propositions en lien avec un besoin social d’éthique et la demande de clarification des valeurs pour l’école aujourd’hui. D’abord, la thèse propose une historiographie des principes moraux enseignés entre les années Ferry et Mitterrand à l’école primaire ; ensuite elle interroge les philosophes et chercheurs afin de proposer une assise théorique sur l’éducation morale et l’éthique scolaire. Enfin, à l’aide de cet arrière-plan conceptuel et d’un questionnaire national instruit par 120 enseignants, elle développe une réflexion sur les pratiques pour concrétiser dans l’école française deux défiséducatifs :-La proposition d’une éthique minimale, tissée de démocratie et de laïcité, avec l’apprentissage du respect mutuel, de la nature, des règles sociales ; l’éveil à la communication non-violente, le respect des principes moraux indispensables au vivre ensemble.-Un éveil à une spiritualité laïque exempte de tout lien avec la religion, permettant l’éveil aux valeurs humanistes et l’organisation d’activités pédagogiques développant un climat de paix et de tolérance, de non-violence et de solidarité. Redonner du sens à notre existence partagée, dans une école où les savoir-être sont aussi importants que les connaissances à acquérir. OEuvrer pour une « vie scolaire bonne » utile et agréable, où l’attention aux autres et lacoopération sont promues, où le respect de valeurs morales est accepté et appliqué par tous les acteurs de l’école / Faced with widespread consumerism and individualism, the erosion of the authority of the educational system, rising violence in certain schools, and even religious and ethnic intolerance, this thesis explores several paths of investigation and presents several proposals regarding the need for a code of ethics and a clarification of societal values in the educational system of today. To begin with, the thesis presents a timeline, from Ferry to Mitterrand, of moral principles as taught in the primary school system. An examination of positions garnered from philosophers and researchers follows, providing a theoretical foundation for moral education and school ethics. Finally, based on a nationwide questionnaire administered by 120 teachers and the aforementioned theoretical foundation, the thesis discusses possible solutions of the challenges of moral education : --A proposal for ethical practice minimum woven from democracy and secularism, teaching the concepts of mutual respect, nature conservation and implementation of social rules; an emphasis on non-violent communication and the respect of the moral principles essential to living together.- -A school awakening of secular spirituality, free of links to religion, allowing humanist values to develop at the heart of educational activities in a climate of peace and tolerance, of non-violence and solidarity; to give a new sense to our shared existence, in a scholastic environment where life skills are as important as knowledges to be acquired; to strive for a “quality of scholastic life”, useful and pleasant, where caring and cooperation are promoted; where the respect of moral values is accepted and applied by all those involved in school life

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Master's thesis called Spiritual needs in people with cerebral palsy and their saturation in social care focuses on expressing spirituality in people with cerebral palsy (CP) and studies what the spiritual needs may be and if personal care assistants (PCAs) can help to fulfil clients' spiritual needs. The theoretical part shows the issues of CP and the view to people with this disability, with the emphasis to the options of their participation for life in society. It deals with the topic of spirituality and spiritual dimension as one of many dimensions of human personality. After presenting several important theories of needs it continuous with the role of PCAs and their role in fulfilling the clients' spiritual needs. The practical part proceeds from the combination of quantitative and qualitative research; from a questionnaire inquiring the expressiveness of the spirituality and its sharing with PCAs, and interviews seven people with CP inquiring their spiritual needs and possibilities of their fulfilling by PCAs. The results show concrete and stronger spirituality expressing in people with CP than in major population and that the spiritual needs come out from their live situation. Besides spiritual needs and forces that allow them to fulfil their needs on their own. The PCAs are also a rich...