Submitted by Amanda Silva (amanda.osilva2@ufpe.br) on 2015-03-10T12:50:40Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Fonologia Segmental do Lakondê _Família Nambikwára_ - Ana Gabriela M Braga _dissertação_ - com ficha catalográfica.pdf: 2152119 bytes, checksum: 60b1b68c1e53d81a7392cd212f32fd1f (MD5) license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-10T12:50:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Fonologia Segmental do Lakondê _Família Nambikwára_ - Ana Gabriela M Braga _dissertação_ - com ficha catalográfica.pdf: 2152119 bytes, checksum: 60b1b68c1e53d81a7392cd212f32fd1f (MD5) license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-24 / Embora seja considerado um país monolíngüe, subsistem no Brasil atualmente cerca de 180 línguas indígenas, a maior parte delas contando já com poucos falantes, haja vista a necessidade de comunicação com falantes da língua de maior prestígio social: o português. Dentre as línguas ameaçadas de extinção, destacamos neste trabalho a língua Lakondê, da família lingüística Nambikwára, que se encontra numa situação extrema: há apenas uma falante, a qual já se encontra em idade avançada. O nosso estudo tem como objetivo descrever e analisar a fonologia segmental da língua Lakondê, contribuindo, dessa forma, com o registro e a preservação das línguas indígenas brasileiras, em especial, as línguas da família Nambikwára. O corpus utilizado na pesquisa foi coletado in loco no ano de 2001, junto à última falante, moradora da cidade Vilhena-RO, pela pesquisadora Stella Telles. Os dados utilizados constam de palavras e frases do universo da informante, elicitadas pela pesquisadora. Para a identificação dos fonemas foram utilizados os procedimentos de descoberta da Fonologia Estruturalista (Hyman, 1975; Cagliari, 2002). Para a análise da estrutura silábica e dos processos fonológicos, tomamos como base teórica os pressupostos da Fonologia Não-Linear, encontrados em Clements (1990), Kenstowicz (1994), Goldshmith (1995), Blevins (1995), Clements & Hume (1995). O modelo adotado segue a ideia de que os segmentos são formados por um feixe de traços hierarquizados e autônomos, bem como entende que a sílaba também é estruturada internamente. A partir da nossa pesquisa, concluímos que o sistema fonológico do Lakondê é constituído por onze consoantes e dezesseis vogais. A sílaba tem como molde (C)V(V)(C)(C), dentre os quais, o único elemento obrigatório é a primeira posição nuclear, ocupada sempre por uma vogal, que pode, inclusive, formar sílaba sozinha. Foi verificada a ocorrência de processos estritamente fonológicos: assimilação (progressiva e regressiva), fortalecimento, lenição, apagamento, inserção e coalescência.

Submitted by Amanda Silva (amanda.osilva2@ufpe.br) on 2015-04-17T13:06:46Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO Paula Mendes Costa.pdf: 4338148 bytes, checksum: e28361b9890d9ea1e8418b3e59191b83 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-17T13:06:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO Paula Mendes Costa.pdf: 4338148 bytes, checksum: e28361b9890d9ea1e8418b3e59191b83 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / CAPES / O presente trabalho objetiva realizar uma descrição sincrônica da fonologia segmental do crioulo da Guiné-Bissau (Kriyol). Para a sua realização, foram levados em consideração trabalhos anteriores acerca da fonologia do Crioulo da Guiné-Bissau (CGB), como os de Mbodj (1979), Scantamburlo (1981), Kihm (1986), Rougé (1988) e Couto (1994). Há, também, trabalhos que apresentam análises fonológicas de outras línguas africanas, os quais contribuíram para a elucidação de questões pertinentes ao presente estudo (Moura (2007), Couto e Souza (2004), Quint (2006), Rodrigues (2007), Lang (2007)). O CGB integra a família linguística dos crioulos de base lexical portuguesa da Alta Guiné (CAG), da qual também fazem parte o Crioulo Kabuverdianu e o crioulo de Casamansa. O CGB é uma língua que resulta do contato entre o português (língua de superstrato) e as diversas línguas africanas (línguas de substrato) faladas na Guiné-Bissau, todas pertencentes à família Níger-Congo (grupos Mande e Atlântico), havendo no país um total de 22 línguas. Para a realização desse estudo, foram coletados dados com cinco estudantes guineenses vinculados à UFPE através de programas e convênios de intercâmbio de estudantes. Finalmente, é importante dizer que a presente pesquisa de descrição fonológica inscreve-se nos estudos crioulísticos de base sincrônica, apoiando-se inicialmente na abordagem estruturalista norte-americana, através do uso das técnicas da linguística distribucional, bastante úteis para o estabelecimento da fonologia segmental das línguas naturais. Além disso, para se alcançar interpretações mais aprofundadas acerca da fonologia da língua, o estudo se apoiou em arcabouço teórico mais moderno, fornecido pela fonologia pós-gerativa, constantes em Kenstowicz (1994), Goldsmith (1995), Clements (1995), Blevins (1995) e Clements & Hume (1995), entre outros. A partir da pesquisa realizada, concluiu-se que o sistema fonológico do crioulo guineense apresenta 25 segmentos, sendo 18 consoantes e 7 vogais. A sílaba tem como molde (C)(C)(C)V/N(V)(C), sendo o único elemento obrigatório a primeira posição nuclear, ocupada sempre por uma vogal, que pode formar sílaba sozinha. Os principais processos fonológicos observados foram: despalatalização, desnasalização, assimilação, apagamento e inserção.

A cada dia sÃo realizadas mais reconstruÃÃes imediatas da mama pÃs-tratamento do cÃncer. Para as mastectomias radicais, hà vÃrias tÃcnicas consagradas. Na quadrantectomia, as opÃÃes de reparaÃÃo do defeito vÃo do fechamento primÃrio à utilizaÃÃo de tÃcnicas de cirurgia plÃstica redutora. Para os tumores dos quadrantes externos, nÃo havia opÃÃo para a rotaÃÃo de todo o mÃsculo LatÃssimo do dorso, que usualmente excede ao necessÃrio à reparaÃÃo do volume perdido. Na literatura, hà poucos trabalhos sobre a reconstruÃÃo pÃs-quadrantectomia e nenhum quando o assunto à quadrantes externos. Aqui à descrita uma tÃcnica que originalmente se propunha a possibilitar a reposiÃÃo do volume perdido nas quadrantectomias dos quadrantes externos de mamas pequenas, mas que se mostrou Ãtil tambÃm em casos de mamas mÃdias e em lesÃes que avanÃavam à regiÃo subareolar. A tÃcnica consiste na dissecÃÃo do segmento lateral do mÃsculo L. do dorso por um prolongamento da incisÃo para a retirada da lesÃo, no mesmo decÃbito dorsal, seguida de sua rotaÃÃo e modelagem para reparar o defeito decorrente da extirpaÃÃo do cÃncer. AlÃm da diminuiÃÃo do tempo cirÃrgico, em muitos casos, torna-se desnecessÃria a segunda cirurgia. Vinte e uma mulheres foram submetidas à quadrantectomias de quadrantes externos, seguidas da reconstruÃÃo aqui descrita. Para a avaliaÃÃo do mÃtodo, cada resultado teve atribuÃdo um escore a volume, forma, simetria e alteraÃÃes do complexo arÃolopapilar (CAP), da cicatriz e da superfÃcie do quadrante operado. A nota mÃdia foi 7,048, equivalente ao conceito âBâ, mostrando a viabilidade do mÃtodo. / Nowadays more and more immediate breast reconstructions following post cancer treatment are carried out. In the case of radical mastectomy there are a lot of recognized techniques. In the quadrantectomy, the options of defect repairing range from the primary closing to the utilization of reducing plastic surgery techniques. In the case of tumors of the external quadrants there was no option for the rotation of all the LatÃssimo do dorso muscle, which usually exceeds the necessary to repair the volume lost. In the literature there are few works about the post quadrantectomy reconstruction and no one when it deals with external quadrants. Here the technique described originally proposed to make possible the replacement of the volume lost in the quadrantectomies of the external quadrants of small breasts, but it also showed to be useful in cases of medium breasts and in lesions which move towards to the subareolar region. The technique consists in the dissection of the lateral segment of the LatÃssimo do dorso muscle by prolonging the incision to withdrawal the lesion, in the same dorsal decubitus, followed by its rotation and modeling in order to repair the defect arising out of a cancer removal. Besides the time reduction of the surgery, in many cases it is not necessary a second surgery. Twenty-one women were submitted to quadrantectomies of external quadrants followed by the reconstruction described here. In order to evaluate the method, to each result a score was attributed to volume, form, symmetry, CAP, scar and surface. The average grade was 7.048, equivalent to grade B which confirms the viability of the method.

FAS is a speech disorder characterized by changes to the normal speech patterns of the native language. This speech impairment is usually due to stroke or brain injury. Segmental, suprasegmental and prosodic features are altered. FAS speakers’ speech is perceived as foreign rather than disordered. It may be because the speech remains highly accurate and the impairments are generally within the permissible boundaries of the phonological and phonetic variants of the language. In terms of perceptual impression, FAS patients’ speech is placed between speakers with a really foreign accent and the native speaker. Some researchers propose that the impression of foreignness in FAS speakers’ accent may be caused by the listeners misinterpretation of speech markers. Lesions leading to FAS are still not completely understood; some hypothesize that the lesion is small or even down to the size of a single gyrus. New evidence suggests that FAS may be a disorder of the articulate velocity and position maps. The syndrome can be life changing to those affected. Patients report that they are no longer able to recognize themselves speaking a new accent. A whole new persona is born when the accent emerges. This paper presents a review of the syndrome’s features, including its neuropsychological/neuroanatomic aspects, its relationship with AoS and dysarthria, and the syndrome’s psychological implications.

Abstract A new animal model was developed to evaluate the effect of bovine native bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) on the healing of segmental, critical-sized bone defects. Laboratory-bred adult beagle dogs were used in the study. A 2 cm corticoperiosteal defect was created using an oscillating saw in mid-ulna, and the defect was treated with bone grafts and implants fixed by an intramedullary Kirschner wire through predrilled holes in the middle of the implant. Plate and screw fixation was also used in some groups. Coral, hydroxyapatite and demineralized xenograft bone were placed in the defects with or without BMP. Autografts and allografts were used as controls. The BMP was extracted from bovine diaphyseal bone. The follow-up period was 36 weeks. Radiographs were taken at regular intervals during the follow-up period, and bone formation and bone union were evaluated. The radiographs were digitized, and callus was measured and CT scans obtained to define bone density. At the end of the study, the bones were harvested and tested mechanically in a torsion machine until failure. After mechanical testing, the bones were reconstructed and histological sections were made. With autograft and allograft bone grafts, healing was nearly complete. Hydroxyapatite and demineralized xenograft bone did not result in healing of the bone defect, while coral enhanced bone formation, but the healing was not comparable to autografts or allografts. Hydroxyapatite implants did not resorb during the 36 weeks of follow-up to enhance bone healing, and there was a fibrous capsule around the hydroxyapatite implants in histology. Xenograft bone was resorbed, and very little bone formation and extensive fibrosis were seen at the implant site. Coral was resorbed and gradually replaced by new bone, but did not heal the defect completely. With every implant, added BMP had a positive effect on healing as evaluated either radiographically, mechanically or histologically. Coral was the most optimal carrier material for BMP among the materials tested in this study. The animal model seems to be suitable for studying the healing of bone defects, as all the animals were physically active from the first postoperative day and did not seem to have problems with motion during the follow-up period. Intramedullary fixation lacks rotational stability, which may have a negative effect on healing. The bones fixed with a plate and screws showed better scores in radiographs and were mechanically stronger, although the study groups were too small to allow definitive conclusions. As a conclusion, none of the transplants or implants were equally efficient as cortical autograft in healing segmental ulnar defects. BMP did not enhance the poor capacity of hydroxyapatite and xenograft bone to heal the bone defect. According to the present findings, the composite implant consisting of coral and BMP seemed to be the best of the composite implants tested.

Background: Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a component of childhood nephrotic syndrome occurring in 10%-20% of all cases. Over time, 25%-50% of children with FSGS develop kidney failure disease. We followed a cohort of children with FSGS in order to delineate the risk profile of progression to kidney failure (KF). Methods: We evaluated patient data collected from 1977 to 2002 at a regional mid-Atlantic nephrology center in the United States. KF was defined primarily for those patients whose serum creatinine (SCr) value doubled compared with the SCr value from a previous visit. Patients who received dialysis or a kidney transplant were also defined as having KF. We analyzed patient data for those who had at least two visits with SCr values recorded. Various baseline characteristics of patients who had developed KF and those with no kidney failure (NKF) were compared. Hazard ratios and correlation were used to further investigate potential risk factors of the kidney failure. We also compared the inverse SCr trend for KF and NKF patients using weighted linear regression. Results: Thirty-four of 43 FSGS patients had adequate follow-up data. About 60% of the patients developed KF over the study period. The average age of the KF patients at diagnosis of FSGS was 9 years, and that of NKF patients 12 years (P=0.05). FSGS patients with KF had a significantly higher mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP) at baseline, compared to those with NKF (P<0.0001). Other baseline characteristics including race, body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, urinary protein/creatinine ratio and calculated glomerular filtration rate (cGFR) were not significantly different. Baseline DBP was a significant risk factor in progression to KF (HR: 1.03; 95%CI: 1.01-1.06). Inverse SCr values were significantly decreased over time in KF patients (P=0.01). Conclusions: The data of this study indicate that children diagnosed with FSGS who are younger than 10 years and have elevated baseline DBP are more likely to develop kidney failure. The non-significant hazard ratios for other baseline characteristics including gender, race, and BMI are not instrumental risk factors. These results may help understand what may affect progression towards kidney failure in children with FSGS.

Post-tensioned segmental concrete box girders have been in use in the United States since the early 1970s. This unique bridge system uses post-tensioning to connect many smaller concrete bridge segments into very efficient long span bridges. However, because of the slender components, localized transverse bending becomes more critical when compared to more conventional bridge types. Bridge owners are finding that ratings for standard loads and permit trucks are often controlled by the transverse behavior of the girders near concentrated wheel loads. The popular analysis methods used today range from two dimensional frame models to three dimensional finite element models of the entire bridge. Currently, engineers must make sound engineering judgments on limited available information, while balancing safety and economy. To quantify and understand longitudinal and transverse behavior, the results from three live load tests of single cell segmental concrete box girder bridges are presented. Each bridge was instrumented with longitudinal and transverse strain sensors on at least two cross sections as well as rotation and deflection sensors, when possible. Two dimensional transverse frame models and three dimensional shell models were compared to the test results for each subject bridge. The two dimensional frame analyses using the common bottom web pin and roller boundary conditions provide mean absolute percent error in excess of 250%. Conversely, the newly introduced boundary conditions using pin supports at the top and bottom of each web was shown to reduce mean absolute percent error to 82%, which is on the same order of magnitude as longitudinal beamline analysis. The three dimensional shell models were insensitive to several changes including mesh fineness, number of spans modeled, and support conditions. Using uniform surface loading, the transverse modeling procedure was shown to provide significantly more accurate results than the common two dimensional frame models. A faster and more convenient analysis method using a program generated, structure specific, influence surface was also outlined. This method produced similar results when compared to the uniform surface loading method, while allowing additional automation for easier load application. / Ph. D.

The increasing availability of high-quality genome assemblies raised interest in the characterization of genomic architecture. Major architectural elements, such as common repeats and segmental duplications (SDs), increase genome plasticity that stimulates further evolution by changing the genomic structure and inventing new genes. Optimal computation of SDs within a genome requires quadratic-time local alignment algorithms that are impractical due to the size of most genomes. Additionally, to perform evolutionary analysis, one needs to characterize SDs in multiple genomes and find relations between those SDs and unique (non-duplicated) segments in other genomes. A na ̈ıve approach consisting of multiple sequence alignment would make the optimal solution to this problem even more impractical. Thus there is a need for fast and accurate algorithms to characterize SD structure in multiple genome assemblies to better understand the evolutionary forces that shaped the genomes of today. Here we introduce a new approach, BISER, to quickly detect SDs in multiple genomes and identify elementary SDs and core duplicons that drive the formation of such SDs. BISER improves earlier tools by (i) scaling the detection of SDs with low homology (75%) to multiple genomes while introducing further 10–34× speed-ups over the existing tools, and by (ii) characterizing elementary SDs and detecting core duplicons to help trace the evolutionary history of duplications to as far as 300 million years. / Graduate

The purpose of this study was to determine whether 20 listeners could identify the gender of 10 preadolescent children from speech samples. An additional aim was to evaluate whether listeners identified children more accurately when listening to speech samples when more linguistic context was available. The listeners were presented with a total of 190 speech samples in four different categories of linguistic context: segments, words, sentences, and discourse. The listeners were instructed to listen to each speech sample and decide whether the speaker was a male or female. In addition, the listeners were instructed to rate their level of confidence in their decision on a 1-10 scale. Results showed listeners identified the gender of the speakers with a high degree of accuracy, ranging from 86% to 95%. In addition, statistical analysis showed significant differences in the accuracy of listener judgments among the four levels of linguistic context, with segments having the lowest (83%) and discourse the highest accuracy (99%). At the segmental level, the listeners' ability to identify the each speaker's gender from a speech sample was greater for vowels than for fricatives, with both types of phoneme being identified at a rate well above chance. Significant differences in identification were found between the /s/ and /ʃ/ fricatives, but not between the four corner vowels. The perception of gender is likely multifactorial, with listeners possibly using phonetic, prosodic, or stylistic speech cues to determine a speaker's gender.

Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is the second leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) presenting under the age of 30. NS presents in children with edema and severe proteinuria, caused by the effacement of podocyte foot processes within the glomerular filtration barrier. Patients with steroid-resistant NS (SRNS) frequently develop end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Additionally, renal biopsies from these patients often reveal focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). Pathogenic mutations in known monogenic disease genes have been found in 11-45% children with FSGS/SRNS. Notably, most Mendelian etiologies exhibit recessive inheritance, while dominant vertical inheritance with incomplete penetrance is observed in the remainder. The role of de novo variants (DNVs) in NS necessitates further investigation. Tripartite motif containing 8, TRIM8, is an E3 ubiquitin ligase. De novo TRIM8 variants were previously implicated in a syndromic disease consisting of neurodevelopmental delay, epilepsy, cerebral atrophy, and nephrotic syndrome. In this study, we recapitulate the patient-specific mutations in inducible overexpression cell lines and in CRISPR/Cas9-generated mouse models. N-terminal MYC or GFP-tagged TRIM8 inducible cell lines were generated and characterized using the pInducer21 system. Western blot and immunofluorescence data show that MYC- and GFP-TRIM8 were induced by doxycycline in immortalized podocyte cell lines. Candidate interactors for TRIM8 from the literature and stratified using kidney single cell mRNA sequencing expression were cloned into mammalian expression vectors. Finally, a Trim8 knockout allele (c. 56_162del; p.H20Qfs*124 and c.367_463+304delins46) was generated and bred to yield an allelic series of wildtype, heterozygous and homozygous animals. These mice exhibited normal survival and did not demonstrate proteinuria through three to four months of life. Overall, further studies are ongoing with regards to the continued monitoring of proteinuria and kidney dysfunction, as well as the potential interactor cloning and cell line characterization. / 2025-02-06T00:00:00Z