Abstract A new animal model was developed to evaluate the effect of bovine native bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) on the healing of segmental, critical-sized bone defects. Laboratory-bred adult beagle dogs were used in the study. A 2 cm corticoperiosteal defect was created using an oscillating saw in mid-ulna, and the defect was treated with bone grafts and implants fixed by an intramedullary Kirschner wire through predrilled holes in the middle of the implant. Plate and screw fixation was also used in some groups. Coral, hydroxyapatite and demineralized xenograft bone were placed in the defects with or without BMP. Autografts and allografts were used as controls. The BMP was extracted from bovine diaphyseal bone. The follow-up period was 36 weeks. Radiographs were taken at regular intervals during the follow-up period, and bone formation and bone union were evaluated. The radiographs were digitized, and callus was measured and CT scans obtained to define bone density. At the end of the study, the bones were harvested and tested mechanically in a torsion machine until failure. After mechanical testing, the bones were reconstructed and histological sections were made. With autograft and allograft bone grafts, healing was nearly complete. Hydroxyapatite and demineralized xenograft bone did not result in healing of the bone defect, while coral enhanced bone formation, but the healing was not comparable to autografts or allografts. Hydroxyapatite implants did not resorb during the 36 weeks of follow-up to enhance bone healing, and there was a fibrous capsule around the hydroxyapatite implants in histology. Xenograft bone was resorbed, and very little bone formation and extensive fibrosis were seen at the implant site. Coral was resorbed and gradually replaced by new bone, but did not heal the defect completely. With every implant, added BMP had a positive effect on healing as evaluated either radiographically, mechanically or histologically. Coral was the most optimal carrier material for BMP among the materials tested in this study. The animal model seems to be suitable for studying the healing of bone defects, as all the animals were physically active from the first postoperative day and did not seem to have problems with motion during the follow-up period. Intramedullary fixation lacks rotational stability, which may have a negative effect on healing. The bones fixed with a plate and screws showed better scores in radiographs and were mechanically stronger, although the study groups were too small to allow definitive conclusions. As a conclusion, none of the transplants or implants were equally efficient as cortical autograft in healing segmental ulnar defects. BMP did not enhance the poor capacity of hydroxyapatite and xenograft bone to heal the bone defect. According to the present findings, the composite implant consisting of coral and BMP seemed to be the best of the composite implants tested.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2005Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:50:51Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 pereirajunior_ocm_me_botfmvz.pdf: 3167867 bytes, checksum: 1d9dcf46127172271d23518809985b22 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Objetivou-se avaliar, por meio de exames radiográficos e histológicos, a função da resina de poliuretana derivada do óleo de mamona (Ricinus communis), na forma de grânulos, no tratamento de defeito ósseo segmentar induzido no rádio de coelhos, tendo como padrão comparativo o enxerto ósseo esponjoso autólogo. Foram utilizados 20 coelhos da raça Norfolk, fêmeas, com idade entre 12 e 14 meses e peso entre 4 e 5kg. Uma falha óssea segmentar de 1,0 cm de comprimento foi induzida na diáfise de ambos os rádios pela excisão de fragmento osteoperiosteal. No rádio esquerdo o defeito foi tratado com a resina de poliuretana e no direito com auto-enxerto esponjoso colhido do úmero proximal esquerdo. Para realização dos exames histológicos foram eutanaziados cinco animais aos 15 dias, 30 dias, 60 dias e 120 dias de pós-operatório. A regeneração óssea foi maior no defeito tratado com auto-enxerto esponjoso em todos os períodos de observação, sendo que, aos 120 dias de pós-operatório, estes estavam totalmente reconstituídos. Pela avaliação histológica o polímero de mamona atuou como preenchedor de espaço, minimizando a produção de tecido fibroso no local, além de não apresentar sinais de reabsorção em nenhum dos momentos de avaliação. Foi possível concluir que o polímero de mamona na forma de grânulos é biocompatível e osteointegrável, porém não apresenta a mesma capacidade de regeneração óssea do auto-enxerto esponjoso. / The aim of the present study was to compare, by radiographic and histological analyses, the castor oil plant polyurethane in granules presentation, applied to a segmental bone defect, created in both radial diaphyses, to the cancellous bone autograft, in order to evaluate an alternative to bone defect healing. Norfolk adult female rabbits, with approximately 13 months of age and a mean body weight of 4.5kg were used. Thus, a one-cm segmental defect was created in both radial diaphyses. The defect in the left radius was filled with the castor oil plant polyurethane, and the right one, filled with cancellous bone autograft, collected from the left proximal humerus. The rabbits were euthanased at 15, 30, 60 and 120 days post-surgery (5 animals/period), in order to proceed the histological analysis. New bone formation was increased and accelerated in the defect treated with cancellous bone autograft along all periods of observation. In the last moment (120 days), the defects were totally reconstituted and remodeled. The polyurethane acted as a space filler, minimizing the local production of fibrous tissue. No granules degradation or reabsorb were detected, as well as any inflammatory reaction. Thus, it was possible to conclude that the castor oil plant polyurethane, in granules presentation, was biocompatible and osteointegrated, but did not show the same bone regeneration capacity of the cancellous bone autograft.

Resumo: Objetivou-se avaliar, por meio de exames radiográficos e histológicos, a função da resina de poliuretana derivada do óleo de mamona (Ricinus communis), na forma de grânulos, no tratamento de defeito ósseo segmentar induzido no rádio de coelhos, tendo como padrão comparativo o enxerto ósseo esponjoso autólogo. Foram utilizados 20 coelhos da raça Norfolk, fêmeas, com idade entre 12 e 14 meses e peso entre 4 e 5kg. Uma falha óssea segmentar de 1,0 cm de comprimento foi induzida na diáfise de ambos os rádios pela excisão de fragmento osteoperiosteal. No rádio esquerdo o defeito foi tratado com a resina de poliuretana e no direito com auto-enxerto esponjoso colhido do úmero proximal esquerdo. Para realização dos exames histológicos foram eutanaziados cinco animais aos 15 dias, 30 dias, 60 dias e 120 dias de pós-operatório. A regeneração óssea foi maior no defeito tratado com auto-enxerto esponjoso em todos os períodos de observação, sendo que, aos 120 dias de pós-operatório, estes estavam totalmente reconstituídos. Pela avaliação histológica o polímero de mamona atuou como preenchedor de espaço, minimizando a produção de tecido fibroso no local, além de não apresentar sinais de reabsorção em nenhum dos momentos de avaliação. Foi possível concluir que o polímero de mamona na forma de grânulos é biocompatível e osteointegrável, porém não apresenta a mesma capacidade de regeneração óssea do auto-enxerto esponjoso. / Abstract: The aim of the present study was to compare, by radiographic and histological analyses, the castor oil plant polyurethane in granules presentation, applied to a segmental bone defect, created in both radial diaphyses, to the cancellous bone autograft, in order to evaluate an alternative to bone defect healing. Norfolk adult female rabbits, with approximately 13 months of age and a mean body weight of 4.5kg were used. Thus, a one-cm segmental defect was created in both radial diaphyses. The defect in the left radius was filled with the castor oil plant polyurethane, and the right one, filled with cancellous bone autograft, collected from the left proximal humerus. The rabbits were euthanased at 15, 30, 60 and 120 days post-surgery (5 animals/period), in order to proceed the histological analysis. New bone formation was increased and accelerated in the defect treated with cancellous bone autograft along all periods of observation. In the last moment (120 days), the defects were totally reconstituted and remodeled. The polyurethane acted as a space filler, minimizing the local production of fibrous tissue. No granules degradation or reabsorb were detected, as well as any inflammatory reaction. Thus, it was possible to conclude that the castor oil plant polyurethane, in granules presentation, was biocompatible and osteointegrated, but did not show the same bone regeneration capacity of the cancellous bone autograft. / Orientador: Paulo Iamaguti / Coorientador: Sheila Canavese Rahal / Mestre