An efficient methodology for separation of magnesium from different geomaterials was developed in order to determinate their isotopic composition. This methodology with 100% yield is suitable for high precision analysis of Mg isotopes by multi collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS). Three separate stages of ion-exchange chromatography were carried out in ultra-trace laboratory equipped with laminar flowbox using cation exchange resin, AG50W-X12 and chemicals of ultrapure quality. Variations in samples 26 Mg/24 Mg and 25 Mg/24 Mg ratios are expressed as δ26 Mg and δ25 Mg units, which are deviations in parts per 103 from the same ratio in DSM3 Mg standard. The robustness of the technique was assessed by replicate analyses of magnesium standards Cambridge 1 versus DSM3. The long term repeatability of the Mg isotope ratio measurements of Cambridge 1 against DSM3 using this technique is -2.577 ± 0.10‰ on δ26 Mg and -1.328 ± 0.06‰ on δ25 Mg at 95% of confidence (2σ). Delta 26 Mg in five natural standard samples was measured in order to validate a quality of measurement in two different laboratories: Czech Geological Survey, Prague, Czech Republic and GFS Potsdam, Research centre for geoscientist, Potsdam, Germany. The results measured in this study (laboratory of CGS) are...

The codling moth, Cydia pomonella (Tortricidae) is a significant pest in apple orchards. In the 1990ies, a control programme using the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) has been established, based on bisexual releases of sterile insects into wild populations of this pest. Male-only releases are not possible due to the lack of an efficient system to produce male-only progeny. Recently, a new approach has been proposed for the development of genetic sexing strains in Lepidoptera. It is based on insertion of a dominant conditional lethal mutation of the Notch gene, derived from the N60g11 allele of Drosophila, into the female W chromosome by means of transgenesis. This study deals with isolation, characterization, and chromosomal localization of a codling moth orthologue of the Drosophila Notch gene with the aim to prepare a mutant sequence of the orthologue to be used in plasmid constructs for germline transformation of this pest.

Title: Polymer hydrogels: heterogeneous structure and deformation behavior Author: Evgeny Karpushkin Department: Department of Macromolecular Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague Supervisor: Miroslava Dušková-Smrčková Ing. Dr., Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry AS CR, Heyrovského náměstí 2, 162 06 Prague 6 Abstract: Model series of crosslinked poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) hydrogels differing in morphology were prepared by polymerization-induced phase separation. Morphology, swelling and dynamic mechanical properties in broad frequency range of the model gels were tested. The vitrification of gels was found sensitive to microstructure of polymer network and to solvent content and to polymer-solvent interaction, but not to the macroscopic morphology of the gel. The low-frequency mechanical response was found sensitive to both polymer network properties and hydrogel morphology. Lightly crosslinked hydrogels showed relatively high mechanical losses in the rubbery plateau region, due to physical association of chains. Fused-particles type hydrogels revealed a weak secondary relaxation at low frequency, ascribed to motion of the dangling particles aggregates. These aggregates, elastically inactive, along with inhomogeneous stress field arisen in porous material, were...

Aneuploidy frequency increases with advanced female age and results in infertility or live birth of affected individuals. Aneuploidies occur mainly during female meiosis. Polar bodies biosied from oocytes after first and second meiosis were analyzed using array comparative genomic hybridization testing for all chromosomes. More than a half of tested oocytes were aneuploid. Aneuploidies as a result of nondisjunction in meio-sis II were slightly more frequent than meiosis I errors. Premature chromatide predivisi-on was absolutely predominant among errors occurring during meiosis I. Despite the fact that aneuploidies were detected for each chromosome, most aneuploidies were detected for small acrocentric chromosomes. Possible mechanisms of aneuploidy formation are discussed in context of information obtained by the means of animal biotechnologies at different species of mammals.

During a winter season, when snow covers the watershed, the frequency of rain-on-snow (ROS) events is still raising. ROS can cause severe natural hazards like floods or wet avalanches. Prediction of ROS effects is linked to better understanding of snowpack runoff dynamics and its composition. Deploying rainfall simulation together with hydrological tracers was tested as a convenient tool for this purpose. Overall 18 sprinkling experiments were conducted on snow featuring different initial conditions in mountainous regions over middle and western Europe. Dye tracer brilliant blue (FCF) was used for flow regime determination, because it enables to visualise preferential paths and layers interface. Snowpack runoff composition was assessed by hydrograph separation method, which provided appropriate results with acceptable uncertainty. It was not possible to use concurrently these two techniques because of technical reasons, however it would extend our gained knowledge. Snowmelt water amount in the snowpack runoff was estimated by energy balance (EB) equation, which is very efficient but quality inputs demanding. This was also the reason, why EB was deployed within only single experiment. Timing of snowpack runoff onset decrease mainly with the rain intensity. Initial snowpack properties like bulk density or wetness are less important for time of runoff generation compared to the rain intensity. On the other het when same rain intensity was applied, non-ripe snowpack featuring less bulk density created runoff faster than the ripe snowpack featuring higher bulk density. Snowpack runoff magnitude mainly depends on the snowpack initial saturation. Ripe snowpack with higher saturation enabled to generate higher cumulative runoff where contributed by max 50 %. In contrary, rainwater travelled through the non-ripe snowpack relatively fast and contributed runoff by approx. 80 %. Runoff prediction was tested by deploying Richards equation included in SNOWPACK model. The model was modified using a dual-domain approach to better simulate snowpack runoff under preferential flow conditions. Presented approach demonstrated an improvement in all simulated aspects compared to the more traditional method when only matrix flow is considered.

In this diploma thesis I follow my bachelor thesis and generally deal with drainage systems and their influence on a water regime of a river basin. In the theoretical part, I describe issues associated with the drainage systems, whether their impact on the landscape or generally how they affect the water regime. Further I explain the water runoff in the landscape from its sorting and description of various runoff types up to the methods of its separation. Basic methods of the separation are described here, as well as separation with the use of digital filters. In the last part, these methods are used for separations of the runoff at selected river basins which are described in detail in the chapter named "material". For further comparison and results, the calculation of the runoff coefficient, analysis of precipitation and runoff events and analysis of subsidence branches were used. The chapter "results and discussion" where all results of this thesis are explained has been placed at the end.

The aim of master's thesis is separation rubidium from cement bypass dust by columns based od hexacyanoferric and resins

This master’s thesis is focused on lipid separation from tissue cells. Thesis is divided into theoretical and experimental part. In the theoretical part is summarized current knowledge about lipids, their properties and methods used to separate them from tissue cells. Those methods were compared and one of them was chosen to be used in the experimental part. Theoretical part is ended with reviews aimed towards the research in this area of chemistry. Experimental part describes factors affecting chosen method of lipid separation from tissue cells. The measurements were chosen so that they could be easily reproduced. Values for each factor were experimentally determined to increase the amount of fat separated. All factors were compared and based on their summarization the optimization for whole method was produced.

The aim of this work deals with the design and manufacture of a device for mixing of magnetic beads in solution by magnetic field. It is based on my previous bachelor thesis, where the device was created for one microtube (one sample). In this following work, the three improved variants for mixing and separation of 96 samples at one time were designed. The first variant of device, derived from functional prototype from bachelor thesis, was manufactured. First, the magnetic circuit and power converter were designed. Subsequently, the device was manufactured just for one microtube due to functionality testing. The third variant was realized only experimentally, the construction was designed in CAD program, and individual parts were created using 3D printer. As an alternative solution, which should be the compromise among electromagnetic and mechanical stirring, additional prototype was manufactured using 3D printer and CNC instrument. This prototype utilizes neodymium magnets and a stepper motor. The capability of magnetic beads mixing in solution was verified.

The thesis focuses on CCS and CCU technologies, which could find application in industry and other sectors in the future. These technologies are used to reduce CO2 emissions, mainly from point sources. This thesis provides a comprehensive overview and division of CCS and CCU technologies and points out negative effects of its installation. Part of the work is also a comparison of individual steps of technology, both from an energetic and financial point of view. The aim is to show a wide range of influences on the final price and a significant discrepancy in the results of some scientific works. At the same time, in some parts, you can find a detailed description of individual parts of the technology.