Alksnytė, R. Rėmimo organizavimo ypatumai paslaugų sferoje AB „TEO LT“ pavyzdžiu: magistro darbas/vadovas doc. Dr. V. Dubinas; Šiaulių universitetas, Vadybos katedra,- Šiauliai, 2007. Šiame darbe buvo atliktos teorinės rėmimo organizavimo ypatumų tyrimų studijos, parinkta rėmimo organizavimo ypatumų tyrimo metodika, adaptuota praktikos lygmenyje, pateikiant atitinkamų tyrimo rezultatų analizę ir interpretaciją. Darbą sudaro teorinė rėmimo ir reklamos analizė, ekspertų požiūrio į rėmimo organizavimo ypatumus tyrimas, vartotojų požiūrio į rėmimo organizavimo ypatumus tyrimas, išvados ir pasiūlymai. Atliekant teorinę rėmimo organizavimo analizę, buvo atliktos užsienio ir Lietuvos mokslinių darbų, nagrinėjančių rėmimo organizavimą, studijos. Vykdant ekspertų tyrimą, buvo atlikta anketinė AB „TEO LT“ darbuotojų apklausa – buvo apklausti 20 įmonės darbuotojų. Kadangi organizuodama rėmimą įmonė plačiai naudoja vieną iš jo elementų, t. y. reklamą, tad ir anketoje didžioji dalis klausimų buvo skirti reklamai. Vykdant antrąjį tyrimą, buvo atlikta Šiaulių apskrities vartotojų apklausa anketomis, siekiant išsiaiškinti vartotojų požiūrį į rėmimo organizavimą. Apklausta 200 respondentų. Buvo atlikta tyrimų metu gautų duomenų analizė ir rezultatų interpretacija. Pateiktos darbą apibendrinančios išvados ir pasiūlymai. / Alksnytė, R. Peculiarities of Sponsorship Arrangement in Services Sector Following AB “TEO LT” Example: Master’s final paper/scientific leader doc. Dr. V. Dubinas; Siauliai University, Department of Management,- Siauliai, 2007. This paper deals with the research study of the peculiarities of sponsorship arrangement and the selected methodology for the research of sponsorship organization peculiarities; the methodology hereof being adapted on practical level providing it with the investigation and interpretation of the corresponding research results. The paper includes theoretical analysis of sponsorship and advertising, investigation of the viewpoint of experts towards the sponsorship organization peculiarities, investigation of the viewpoint of consumers towards the sponsorship organization peculiarities, conclusions and suggestions. While carrying out the theoretical analysis of the organization of sponsorship, the study of foreign and Lithuanian scientific works that deal with sponsorship organization issues has been made. In pursuance of the experts’ research, a questionnaire-based survey of AB “TEO LT” employees has been conducted. 200 employees of the company were involved. As the company uses one of the sponsorship elements, i.e. advertising, when organizing sponsorship, the greater part of the questions were devoted to advertising issues. In pursuance of the second research, a survey of the consumers of Šiauliai County has been conducted in the way of providing them... [to full text]

This thesis provides an analysis of the role and effectiveness of unions in selecting their strategy to meet the needs of their members in developing countries – in this case Indonesia after the late Soeharto regime stepped down in 1998. In particular, the focus of the research is to understand how the selection of particular union strategies might influence union effectiveness in the context of developing economies. The research involves a major empirical study of unions based on a comprehensive analytical framework. The study finds its relevance in providing both theoretical and practical strategies for unions operating in a constraining political environment and in an era where the power of unions in general has been sharply diminishing. Based on various theoretical models of union strategy, the thesis develops a measure that explores union strategy from the initial stage of strategy creation - namely the establishment of union aims - through the process of strategy-development, resulting in the forms of union methods and tactics that are used in day-to-day union operations. The thesis also develops a model of organisational effectiveness that enables a comprehensive picture of union effectiveness. The model was operationalised by the use of a survey questionnaire. The fieldwork was conducted between the period of January to June 2005 in enterprise unions in the services sector. Responses from 100 unions were analysed using multiple regression techniques. The results yielded five independent variables that contributed significantly to the prediction of union effectiveness. Those variables included partnership between unions and management, the use of innovation and training for empowering union members, setting up specific departments for dealing with industrial and organisational issues, and attempts to gain external support for strengthening unions’ negotiations with management. Altogether, these factors explained 65% of the variability in union effectiveness. Some important findings emerged from subsequent case studies that involved seven eligible unions. The most effective unions placed a strong emphasis on political goals by participating in the process of policy formulation both at the workplace and beyond the enterprise boundary. They employed both arbitration practices and relationships with political institutions to support their collective bargaining. A combination of tactical approaches including industrial action, provision of member services and use of information and communications technologies were used together with contemporary campaign themes such as workplace improvement and productivity. The most effective unions faced environments that discouraged workers from participating, including the existence of competitive wages, employee involvement plans, and covert anti-union strategies from companies. The results suggest that “consultancy” unionism is the dominant approach adopted by Indonesian unions in the services sector. This approach involves servicing members and developing only limited engagement with employers. Turning “consultancy” unionism into “partnership” unionism appears to be the most promising, approach to increased union effectiveness in the Indonesian context. To implement such a strategy, Indonesian unions have to strengthen their commitment to providing resources for organising, to boost participation among their members, and subsequently to construct a partnership based on “the collective power of workers”. The research has implications for unions, employers, and the state. For unions, the advantage of committing to establish a culture of organising builds a foundation for delivering a multi-tactical approach. However, in light of the limited strength of union power, that objective may best be achieved through partnership with employers. The findings concerning partnership strategies provide strong support for the government’s efforts at establishing industrial peace. Future comparative research to replicate this work in manufacturing industry or other countries in which enterprise unionism is the dominant union structure is to be encouraged

Orientador: Claudio Salvadori Dedecca / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T12:25:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_RicardoAzevedo_D.pdf: 1503735 bytes, checksum: c16eda1feaeb29a792035e444d0c75d6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: Esta tese trata de questões referentes ao papel de determinados serviços no desenvolvimento econômico. No caso da experiência brasileira, o desenvolvimento do Terciário no contexto da recente reestruturação econômica teve participação importante. Na década de 1990 a economia nacional foi palco de grandes transformações, nas quais alguns serviços reestruturados e/ou "modernizados" e mais dinâmicos permitiram maior agilidade econômica. O reordenamento da economia nacional e as novas formas de inter-relacionamento setorial vêm exercendo efeitos sobre a localização de muitas atividades econômicas, abrindo novas janelas de oportunidade. Temia-se que essas transformações levassem à "desindustrialização" e uma concentração do PIB e das ocupações nas macro-regiões e nos estados mais desenvolvidos (notadamente os que apresentam as maiores estruturas industriais). Mas a análise dos dados sobre o crescimento do PIB no Brasil nos leva a crer numa forte interdependência dos serviços com o desempenho da Indústria e da Agricultura. Não há elementos suficientes para afirmar que tenha havido uma autonomização apontando um rearranjo no qual o Terciário passe a ditar a dinâmica do desenvolvimento econômico. A evolução das ocupações mostra um crescimento maior justamente de serviços distributivos e produtivos, fortemente influenciados pelas atividades produtivas industriais e agroindustriais. Mesmo que se trate de uma estratégia de redução de custos frente à elevada tributação da folha de pagamento, isso não afasta as evidências de que a sinergia de determinados serviços com outros setores da economia não tenha aumentado consideravelmente nas duas últimas décadas. Quanto à concentração regional foi possível constatar uma redistribuição do PIB (IBGE) e das ocupações (PNAD/IBGE) em direção das macrorregiões periféricas. O papel dos setores recentemente reestruturados do Terciário nacional nesse processo é o objeto de estudo dessa tese. Esses setores fortaleceram seu poder de influir no desenvolvimento econômico setorial e regional do Brasil. Mas mesmo esses setores tendo aumentado sua contribuição ao crescimento do PIB do Brasil, este aumento foi pequeno perto do aumento das ocupações (PNAD) nos grupos de apoio a produção a que pertencem (serviços distributivos e serviços produtivos) e o aumento das ocupações nos setores tradicionais foi muito elevado (serviços coletivos e serviços pessoais). / Abstract: The following thesis discusses some issues on the role played by some specific kinds of services in economic development. Within Brazilian experience, the Tertiary Sector development was very significant in the context of recent economic restructuring. Through the 1990's Brazilian national economy was a scenario of great transformation in which a few restructured and / or modernized, more dynamic services made room for greater economic agility. National economy's rearrangement and the new features of economic sectors inter-relations have been causing impacts on economic activity location and presenting new opportunities. One feared these transformations would cause "de-industrialization" and GDP and occupational concentration on more developed macro-regions and states (especially within those which hold the biggest industrial structures). But analysis on Brazilian GDP growth data leads to the finding of great service interdependency regarding Industry and Agriculture economic performances. There are no sufficient elements to support the theoretical point of view that there has been a tertiary self-determination, a change towards an economic arrangement in which the Services Sector would guide the dynamics of economic development. Labor market behavior shows a higher occupational growth precisely on productive and distributive services, which are strongly influenced by industrial and agri-industrial productive activities. Even when that kind of behavior is guided by a firm strategy of cost reduction - due to high payroll taxation - it does not erase strong evidence of increasing synergy between certain services and other economic activity sectors in the two last decades. As to regional concentration of economic activities, it has been possible to identify redistribution of GDP (IBGE data) and occupations (PNAD-IBGE data) towards peripheral macro-regions. The role of recently restructured activities of the national Tertiary Sector within that process of change is the aim of this thesis. These activities have strengthened their power of influence on Brazilian sector and regional economic development. Despite having an increased in Brazilian GDP growth, these tertiary activities are more significant when it comes to their higher labor increased (PNAD-IBGE data), i.e., the volume of occupations provided by production-support service activities (distributive and production services); and the increase of occupations in the traditional sectors was high to (collective and social services). / Doutorado / Economia Social e do Trabalho / Doutor em Desenvolvimento Economico

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to shed some light on the utilization of quality improvement initiatives in healthcare operational environments. In the process, environmental changes and strategic responses are examined for a sample of healthcare organizations. Design/methodology/approach – A survey-based research methodology is utilized in this study. Factor analysis is used to extract relevant factors representing environmental changes and strategic options relevant to healthcare organizations. In addition, simple percentages are utilized to assess the extent of implementation and effectiveness of quality improvement initiatives. Findings – In general, the findings appear to indicate that the studied organizations have achieved both operational and strategic benefits due to the effective implementation of quality improvement initiatives. The implementation of quality improvement initiatives appears to be in response to environmental changes and challenges faced by healthcare organizations. Practical implications – Based on the findings of this study, decision-makers are encouraged to commit organizational resources toward the effective implementation of quality improvement initiatives. Investing in quality improvement not only is justified, but also appears to be very much needed in a changing competitive environment. Originality/value – This study contributes to enhancing one's practical and theoretical understanding of the competitive impact of quality improvement initiatives in different operational settings.

This thesis examines the effects of international capital flows on economic growth by using a dynamic general equilibrium framework based on a three-sector Ramsey Model. In order to detect the impact of financial integration on production, allocation of resources across three sectors and consumption, two different economic environments are modelled. While the first model represents a closed economy with financial autarky, the second model examplifies a financially integrated open economy with partial capital mobility. Each of the models is calibrated to Turkish economy based on the data of the year 2006. The simulation results demonstrate that the presence of international capital flows, despite being limited by a borrowing constraint, reverses the impact of economic growth on production and resource allocation. It is found that even though the importance of production in tradable-goods sector diminishes in the absence of international capital flows, it increases in the open economy model. Moreover, the findings show that while production in the closed economy model simply adjusts to domestic demand, that of the open economy model is not constrained by it. This can be explained by the augmentative effect of partial capital flows on the impact of foreign demand on domestic production.

Submitted by SILVANA DE SOUZA MORAES null (sil1303.moraes@gmail.com) on 2016-04-02T20:29:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TREINAMENTO AMBIENTAL, EMPOWERMENT E TRABALHO EM EQUIPE INFLUENCIAM A ECOEFICIÊNCIA SURVEY EM EMPRESA DO SETOR DE SERVIÇOS FINANCEIROS.pdf: 1661185 bytes, checksum: cef9e8f3b63bf2c3c728b09f5a862112 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Felipe Augusto Arakaki (arakaki@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-04-05T16:05:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 moraes_ss_me_bauru.pdf: 1661185 bytes, checksum: cef9e8f3b63bf2c3c728b09f5a862112 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-05T16:05:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 moraes_ss_me_bauru.pdf: 1661185 bytes, checksum: cef9e8f3b63bf2c3c728b09f5a862112 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-09 / Não recebi financiamento / Este estudo investigou a relação entre o treinamento ambiental, trabalho em equipe, empowerment com o alcance da ecoeficiência em empresa do setor de serviços. Para isso, além dos conceitos citados, foram revisados também os conceitos de sustentabilidade e gestão ambiental de acordo com estudos atuais e os de maior relevância na literatura. A pesquisa foi realizada por meio de survey em empresa do setor de serviços no Brasil, com envio de questionário com 21 questões avaliadas por escala Likert aos funcionários que receberam treinamento ambiental presencial no período de julho de 2013 a junho de 2014. O modelo apresentado analisa se os fatores humanos e organizacionais, sendo eles, treinamento ambiental, empowerment e trabalho em equipe têm influência em relação à ecoeficiência. Os resultados indicam que: (1) dos fatores analisados, Treinamento ambiental traz maiores contribuições para a ecoeficiência organizacional; (2) Empowerment e trabalho em equipe não tiveram influência confirmada em relação à ecoeficiência no contexto analisado; (3) empresas e gestores do setor de serviços que desejam uma maneira mais eficaz de usar dos recursos para alcançar a ecoeficiência em produtos e processos devem priorizar o treinamento ambiental. / This study investigated the relationship between environmental training, teamwork, empowerment and eco-efficiency in the business services sector. For this, besides the aforementioned concepts, they were also reviewed the concepts of sustainability and environmental management according to recent studies and the most relevant literature. The survey was conducted through a survey in service sector company in Brazil, with a questionnaire sent to 21 questions evaluated by Likert scale employees who received classroom training environment in the period July 2013 to June 2014. The model analyzes if human and organizational factors, namely, environmental training, empowerment and teamwork play a role in relation to eco-efficiency. The results indicate that: (1) the factors analyzed, Environmental training brings more contributions to organizational eco-efficiency; (2) Empowerment and teamwork had no influence confirmed in relation to eco-efficiency in the context analyzed; (3) companies and managers in the services sector who want a more effective way to use resources to achieve eco-efficiency in products and processes should prioritize the environmental training.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Given the context of a growing stake in the Brazilian economy's service sector, contributing to increased competitiveness, innovation in services is an issue that demands to be studied in greater depth and understanding. On the way to work together to advance the number of searches is that this work was proposed to develop a proposal for diagnosis of innovation and competitiveness in the service sector. To meet this objective the research developed in the literature review in a comprehensive, covering the terms of service, innovation and competitiveness, with an integrated knowledge base of the proposal. The research strategy adopted was to action research, a qualitative analysis for the study of the unit under investigation. The proposed diagnosis developed seeks to direct the model presented by the Center for Innovation and competitiveness in the sector under study, and development geared to the five factors: Production, Technology, Human Resources, Finance and Marketing. After having constructed the model and its application demonstrated dynamically, its validity, presenting as a diagnostic tool productive and practical to support consultants and managers in evaluating global companies, allowing also analyze the performance of the company in developing a competitive positioning considering all the dimensions given in the diagnosis. This work eventually helped to fill the gap identified by articulating a set of reports related to services in the development of the proposed diagnosis. / Dado o cenário de crescimento da participação na economia Brasileira do setor de serviço, contribuindo para uma maior competitividade, a inovação em serviços é um tema que demanda ser estudado com maior compreensão e aprofundamento. No caminho de colaborar para o avanço do número de pesquisas é que foi proposto este trabalho para o desenvolvimento de uma proposta de diagnóstico da inovação e competitividade para o setor de serviços. Para atender esse objetivo a pesquisa desenvolveu a revisão da literatura de maneira abrangente, cobrindo os termos serviço, inovação e competitividade, apresentando uma base de conhecimento integrado a proposta. A estratégia de pesquisa adotada foi à pesquisa-ação, para uma análise qualitativa do estudo da unidade em investigação. A proposta de diagnóstico desenvolvida buscou direcionar o modelo apresentado pelo Núcleo de Inovação e competitividade, ao âmbito do setor em estudo, sendo seu desenvolvimento orientado aos cinco fatores: Produção, Tecnologia, Recursos Humanos, Finanças e Marketing. Depois de construído o modelo, sua aplicação demonstrou de forma dinâmica, a sua validade, apresentando-se como um instrumento de diagnóstico produtivo e prático no sentido de apoiar consultores e gestores na avaliação global de empresas, permitindo também analisar a atuação da empresa no desenvolvimento de formas competitivas de posicionamento considerando todas as dimensões atribuídas no diagnóstico. Este trabalho, por fim, colaborou para preencher a lacuna identificada ao articular um conjunto de literatura direcionada aos serviços no desenvolvimento da proposta de diagnóstico.

Due to employees’ reduced entitlements to the German statutory state pension on the one hand, and the challenge to employers of a skilled worker shortage on the other, employers’ contributions towards occupational pension schemes (OPS) might be an effective human-resources management tool. Thus, the overarching research question is: What is the relevance of OPS for the employment relationship in Germany? Five sub-research questions address the role of OPS in recruitment and retention management, organisational commitment, the potential differences between women and men and between young and old employees and the employees’ psychological contract. The empirical study is a single case study in the financial-services sector. Key findings: OPS are of more relevance for retaining employees than for recruiting them. Their role differs significantly between employees with different generations of the OPS and, therefore, different pension entitlements. Only minor differences can be found between women and men and between younger and older employees. Satisfaction with the occupational pension scheme has no significant impact on organisational commitment. The majority of employees perceived psychological contract fulfilment with respect to the OPS. The contribution to theory is the closure of five research gaps. As far as is known, this is the first study in Germany that analyses the role of OPS in a specified context and from multifaceted viewpoints (recruitment/retention, quantitative/qualitative, men/women, age groups). The contribution to practice comprises the provision of a transferable analysis blueprint of the role of OPS in the employment relationship and the provision of recommendations that relate, among others, to communication and information aspects, cost-benefit calculations and the usage of additional employer contributions as a possible selective reward element.

The services sector has played an increasingly important role in international trade in recent years. The negotiations under the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) in recent years have initiated a global drive to liberalise services trade. However, this liberalisation process holds many challenges, especially for developing countries that do not have an adequate regulatory system to sufficiently support and promote these new export sectors. The Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) in South Africa recognised a need to undertake scientific research to identify the development and export potential of key services sectors. In the period from 2005 until 2009, the services sector contributed 65% on average to the GDP of South Africa. In 2010, 79% of the labour force in South Africa was employed in the services sector. However, services only contributed 19% to total exports from South Africa in the period from 2005 until 2009 (ITC, 2010a). The largest services export sectors for South Africa over the five–year period were travel (63%), transportation (11%), and business services (9%). This indicates that South Africa?s services exports are mostly concentrated in one sector, namely travel, and this clearly indicates the need for South Africa to diversify exports of services into other sectors. Export promotion is one of the methods that governments can use in order to stimulate the export growth of a country. Given the need to increase and diversify the exports of South African services, this study aimed to investigate the literature in order to establish possible guidelines for the export promotion of services specifically. Export promotion instruments should aim to identify potential export opportunities in order to allocate scarce government resources to the active promotion of the sectors with the highest export potential. In order to aid government with this process, Cuyvers, De Pelsmacker and Roozen (1995) developed a decision support model (DSM) that could determine potential export opportunities for products in Belgium by using a scientifically–based method. This model was adapted for South African products in 2007 and further refined in 2009 and 2010 for the DTI in South Africa. In all cases, the DSM analysis was only applied to products and the services sector was never taken into consideration owing to the data differences and the nature of services. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a similar model for the services sector in South Africa that could identify the sectors and countries with the highest potential for services export diversification. The results of such a model could also be incorporated into a services sector strategy for South Africa. Such a services strategy does not currently exist for South Africa and if the results of this model were incorporated into such a strategy, it would be the first of its kind. The study reviewed the methodology of the DSM for products and found that the methodology of the first two filters could be applied to the available services data in a similar manner. However, owing to the nature of services and the limited availability of data, the third and fourth filters had to be adapted to consider these differences. Therefore, a new model was developed to incorporate the nature of services, and the new model was named the export opportunities model (EOM) for services. A new methodology was developed for the third and fourth filters in the EOM for services. A new cell structure was also constructed to categorise the results of the EOM according to the specific market characteristics, which could be used in export promotion strategies to develop specific promotion instruments for each type of market. The results of the EOM for services on a geographical basis showed that the highest export opportunities for services in South Africa were in Eastern and South–Eastern Asia, followed by the European market. The results also identified specific sectors that have high export potential for South African services. The sectors with the highest export potential are travel, transportation, construction services, communications services and other business services. These results can be incorporated into a services sector export promotion strategy for the DTI in South Africa. The study also compared the results of the DSM for products with the results of the EOM for services, in order to establish guidelines on regional export opportunities for both products and services. The study found that the highest export opportunities were in the Asian and European regions. The DTI in South Africa could use these product/country combinations and services/country combinations to develop specific export promotion instruments and strategies for each region in the world. / Thesis (Ph.D. (International Trade))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

The services sector has played an increasingly important role in international trade in recent years. The negotiations under the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) in recent years have initiated a global drive to liberalise services trade. However, this liberalisation process holds many challenges, especially for developing countries that do not have an adequate regulatory system to sufficiently support and promote these new export sectors. The Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) in South Africa recognised a need to undertake scientific research to identify the development and export potential of key services sectors. In the period from 2005 until 2009, the services sector contributed 65% on average to the GDP of South Africa. In 2010, 79% of the labour force in South Africa was employed in the services sector. However, services only contributed 19% to total exports from South Africa in the period from 2005 until 2009 (ITC, 2010a). The largest services export sectors for South Africa over the five–year period were travel (63%), transportation (11%), and business services (9%). This indicates that South Africa?s services exports are mostly concentrated in one sector, namely travel, and this clearly indicates the need for South Africa to diversify exports of services into other sectors. Export promotion is one of the methods that governments can use in order to stimulate the export growth of a country. Given the need to increase and diversify the exports of South African services, this study aimed to investigate the literature in order to establish possible guidelines for the export promotion of services specifically. Export promotion instruments should aim to identify potential export opportunities in order to allocate scarce government resources to the active promotion of the sectors with the highest export potential. In order to aid government with this process, Cuyvers, De Pelsmacker and Roozen (1995) developed a decision support model (DSM) that could determine potential export opportunities for products in Belgium by using a scientifically–based method. This model was adapted for South African products in 2007 and further refined in 2009 and 2010 for the DTI in South Africa. In all cases, the DSM analysis was only applied to products and the services sector was never taken into consideration owing to the data differences and the nature of services. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a similar model for the services sector in South Africa that could identify the sectors and countries with the highest potential for services export diversification. The results of such a model could also be incorporated into a services sector strategy for South Africa. Such a services strategy does not currently exist for South Africa and if the results of this model were incorporated into such a strategy, it would be the first of its kind. The study reviewed the methodology of the DSM for products and found that the methodology of the first two filters could be applied to the available services data in a similar manner. However, owing to the nature of services and the limited availability of data, the third and fourth filters had to be adapted to consider these differences. Therefore, a new model was developed to incorporate the nature of services, and the new model was named the export opportunities model (EOM) for services. A new methodology was developed for the third and fourth filters in the EOM for services. A new cell structure was also constructed to categorise the results of the EOM according to the specific market characteristics, which could be used in export promotion strategies to develop specific promotion instruments for each type of market. The results of the EOM for services on a geographical basis showed that the highest export opportunities for services in South Africa were in Eastern and South–Eastern Asia, followed by the European market. The results also identified specific sectors that have high export potential for South African services. The sectors with the highest export potential are travel, transportation, construction services, communications services and other business services. These results can be incorporated into a services sector export promotion strategy for the DTI in South Africa. The study also compared the results of the DSM for products with the results of the EOM for services, in order to establish guidelines on regional export opportunities for both products and services. The study found that the highest export opportunities were in the Asian and European regions. The DTI in South Africa could use these product/country combinations and services/country combinations to develop specific export promotion instruments and strategies for each region in the world. / Thesis (Ph.D. (International Trade))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.