It has been suggested that mental health professionals are insufficiently trained to assess and manage suicide risk (U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs and Defense [USDVA/DOD], 2013; Goldsmith, Pellmar, Kleinman, & Burney, 2002; Jobes, Rudd, Overholser, & Joiner, 2008; Mirick, McCauley, Bridger, & Berkowitz, 2015; Silverman & Berman, 2014) and this problem may originate during graduate training (Feldman & Freedenthal, 2006; Mackelprang, Karle, Reighl, & Cash, 2014; Rudd, Cukrowicz, & Bryan, 2008; Schmitz et al., 2012). Unfortunately, however, this area has been inadequately studied (Battista, 2007; Cramer, Johnson, McLaughlin, Rausch, & Conroy, 2013; Department of Health and Human Services, 2012; Stuber & Quinnett, 2013), precluding a full understanding of this problem. The present study surveyed clinical psychology doctoral students’ behavioral competency in responding to suicidal clients, attitudes toward suicide prevention, perceived ability to engage in appropriate practices, subjective norms surrounding SRA behaviors, intentions to engage in these behaviors, and the relationship of amount of graduate training in suicide risk assessment (SRA) core competencies to the aforementioned constructs. It was hypothesized that amount of training in SRA competencies would be significantly related to participants’ attitudes, perceived behavioral control, and subjective norms related to SRA behaviors. Further, it was hypothesized that the aforementioned variables would be significantly related to participant intentions to engage in these behaviors. Finally, it was hypothesized that intentions to engage in SRA behaviors would be positively related to participants’ behavioral competency in SRA. Study participants were 167 students from 46 clinical psychology doctoral programs. Hypotheses were tested using path analysis. Results provided partial support for significant relationships between attitudes, PBC, subjective norms, and intentions (Hypothesis 1a). Implications of this research include advancing the training practices of clinical psychology doctoral programs so as to help increase the number of mental health practitioners competent in suicide risk assessment and management practices.

Given that computer hacking cause huge loss among firms, it¡¦s necessary to understand how individuals engage to commit it. Most of previous research on computer hacking, discuss the reasons by motivation, deterrence theory, moral intensity and social learning theory. However, those perspectives were adopted in researches independently. Thus, there is a need for research to combine these perspectives to create a completed, empirical model to explain the hacker¡¦s intention. Based on motivation theory, moral intensity, deterrence theory, and social learning theory, an empirical study of the intention of computer hacking was conducted. Moreover, we found the key factor ignored in the past, severity level of computer hacking, which will change the way of other factors affecting the intention. Data collected from 473 individuals in Taiwan confirmed our hypotheses and tested against the research model. The results support the proposed model in predicting intention to commit computer hacking. This study demonstrated that intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, moral intensity, punishment certainty, punishment severity, and social influence were key factors that resulted in intention of computer hacking. In addition, severity level of computer hacking was a strongly significant moderator in all factors to intention. Lastly, several implications of information security management and direction to reduce computer hacking rate for practices are discussed.

Safety at intersections is of significant interest to transportation professionals due to the large number of possible conflicts that occur at those locations. In particular, rural intersections have been recognized as one of the most hazardous locations on roads. However, most models of crash frequency at rural intersections, and road segments in general, do not differentiate between crash type (such as angle, rear-end or sideswipe) and injury severity (such as fatal injury, non-fatal injury, possible injury or property damage only). Thus, there is a need to be able to identify the differential impacts of intersection-specific and other variables on crash types and severity levels. This thesis builds upon the work of Bhat et al., (2013b) to formulate and apply a novel approach for the joint modeling of crash frequency and combinations of crash type and injury severity. The proposed framework explicitly links a count data model (to model crash frequency) with a discrete choice model (to model combinations of crash type and injury severity), and uses a multinomial probit kernel for the discrete choice model and introduces unobserved heterogeneity in both the crash frequency model and the discrete choice model, while also accommodates excess of zeros. The results show that the type of traffic control and the number of entering roads are the most important determinants of crash counts and crash type/injury severity, and the results from our analysis underscore the value of our proposed model for data fit purposes as well as to accurately estimate variable effects. / text

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Eucalyptus globulus one of the most important species for paper and pulp industries, nowadays faces development problems in several countries due to its susceptibility to the fungus Mycosphaerella spp., which causes leaf spots that may cause the crown defoliation. The study aims at analyzing the spectral behavior of E. globulus leafs in response to the severity of the disease caused by the fungus Mycosphaerella spp. The stand evaluated is located at Herval - RS. Four collections were performed during the different climate seasons. In each collection, with the aid of a spectroradiometer, we carried out the reading of the foliar reflectance with different severity levels (healthy, little affected, median attack and severely attacked) in leafs from the lower, medium and higher part of the crown. The reflectance values were then analyzed according to two divisions of the electromagnetic spectrum (visible and proximal infrared). The results obtained through ANOVA for the mean value of foliar reflectance in the visible band of the electromagnetic spectrum indicate the existence of differences between levels of severity, between the positions of collection, as well as interaction between two factors: position in the tree collection and disease severity. In the part of the electromagnetic spectrum that corresponds to proximal infrared, we verified significant differences between climate seasons, collection positions and severity level. It was found interaction between collection positions and climate seasons as well as among the three factors, climate seasons, and collection positions in the tree and disease severity. It was then possible to conclude that there are variations in the spectral behavior of severity levels according to leaf position in the tree and to the climate season. The reflectance of severely attacked leafs is clearly distinguished from leafs in the healthy and little affected levels. / Eucalyptus globulus uma das espécies mais importantes para a indústria do papel e celulose, atualmente enfrenta problemas de desenvolvimento em diversos países por ser suscetível ao ataque de Mycosphaerella spp., fungo causador de manchas foliares às quais sucedem o desfolhamento das copas. O estudo tem como objetivo analisar o comportamento espectral de folhas de E. globulus em resposta à severidade da doença causada pelo fungo Mycosphaerella spp. O povoamento avaliado localiza-se no município de Herval-RS. Foram realizadas quatro coletas nas diferentes estações climáticas. Em cada coleta, com auxílio de espectrorradiômetro, efetuaram-se as leituras de reflectância das folhas classificadas em diferentes níveis de severidade (sadio, pouco atacado, medianamente atacado e muito atacado) presentes na base, no meio e na parte superior da copa. Os valores de reflectância foram então analisados segundo duas subdivisões do espectro eletromagnético (visível e infravermelho próximo). Os resultados obtidos através da ANOVA, para os valores médios de reflectância foliar na faixa do visível do espectro eletromagnético, indicam a existência de diferenças entre os níveis de severidade, entre as posições de coleta, bem como interação entre os dois fatores: posição de coleta na árvore e severidade da doença. Na porção do espectro eletromagnético correspondente ao infravermelho próximo, também foram verificadas diferenças significativas entre as posições de coleta e entre os níveis de severidade. Constatou-se a interação entre as posições de coleta na árvore e a severidade da doença. Foi possível concluir que existem variações no comportamento espectral dos níveis de severidade de acordo com a posição das folhas na árvore nas diferentes estações climáticas. Na resposta espectral das folhas de Eucalyptus globulus é detectada diferenças significativas entre os menores e maiores níveis de infecção por Mycosphaerella spp., tanto na região do visível quanto na do infravermelho.