Thesis (M.A.)--Ohio State University. / Bibliography: leaves 52-53. Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Oklahoma, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 165-176).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Lund University, 1989. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 248-256).

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Florida, 2004. / Title from title page of source document. Document formatted into pages; contains 131 pages. Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references.

This study was designed to investigate individual characteristics of college students (i.e., attitudes toward women and heterosexual relationships and acceptance of interpersonal violence) and ascertain the relationship between individual characteristics, gender, and attitudes toward attribution of blame in acquaintance rape. Whereas no instruments had been developed to measure attitudes toward attribution of blame in acquaintance rape, this study sought to create such a measure. Students from a large Southwestern university were utilized as participants (N = 159). Four dependent measures were employed: the Attitudes Toward Women Scale: Short Form, the Heterosexual Relationships Scale, the Acceptance of Interpersonal Violence Scale, and the contrived Attitudes of Acquaintance Rape Blame Scale (AARBS). Analyses of variance found that gender, sexist attitudes toward male-female relationships, traditional attitudes toward women, and high acceptance of interpersonal violence led to more traditional assignment of blame in cases of acquaintance rape (i.e., blame the woman).

No description available.

This study explores the interactive effects of stereotypical masculine and feminine personality traits and attitudes upon individual and dyadic sexual satisfaction. It was hypothesized that (a) sexual satisfaction would be positively related to masculinity and femininity, as defined by the presence of instrumental and expressive qualities, for both males and females, (b) sexual satisfaction would be positively related to androgyny for both males and females, and (c) couples consisting of two androgynous partners would be more sexually satisfied than couples where both partners were sex-typed (i.e., masculine male-feminine female), cross-typed (i.e., feminine male-masculine female) or undifferentiated. The sample consisted of heterosexual married and cohabiting couples (N = 93). Subjects completed the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale (MCSD; Crowne & Marlowe, 1960, cited in Robinson, Shaver & Wrightman, 1991), the Short Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI; Bem, 1981), the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS; Spanier, 1976, 1989) and the Pinney Sexual Satisfaction Inventory (PSSI; Pinney, Gerrard & Denney, 1987). The first hypothesis is rejected for both males and females, the second hypothesis is supported for males and rejected for females, and the third hypothesis is supported for couples. Instrumentality is negatively correlated with sexual satisfaction, particularly for women, while expressivity is positively correlated with sexual satisfaction for both men and women. Androgynous men and feminine women are more sexually satisfied than any other group; in both cases however, it is suggested that increments in expressivity account for increases in sexual satisfaction. Androgynous couples are more sexually satisfied than sex-typed, cross-typed, and undifferentiated couples; however, self-reported sexual satisfaction varies for individual partners. Implications for the existing androgyny model regarding sexual satisfaction are discussed.

This thesis has explored the relationship between self-disclosure (Jourard, 1958) and sex-role identity (Bem, 1972). It was hypothesized that these two elements would interact such that those individuals posessing androgynous sex-role identities would self-disclose more fully to a peer than would individuals posessing sex-typed sex-role identities.This project used a 2 (subject gender) X 2 (sex-role identity) x 3 (target condition) design. The initial sample pool consisted of 151 female and 80 male undergraduate student volunteers. The final sample consisted of 43 female and 14 male students. Married subjects, those identified as sex-reversed, and those subjects who did not attend the second experimental session were eliminated from the final sample. Paper-and-pencil tests measured both self-disclosure and sex-role identity.The analysis of data revealed one significant interaction across the parameters investigated. Males were significantly more "filling to disclose highly intimate personal information than were females. Possible reasons for these results were discussed, and suggestions for further research were made.

The present investigation examined how the sex of participants (male or female), and the emotion expressed (sadness, joy, or anger) by a hypothetical character (male or female) affected the participants' reactions to the character. Ratings were obtained from 66 male and 66 female college students on: 1) causal attributions, 2) behavior-gender congruence, 3) adjustment in school work and friendships, 4) adjustment in sexuality and in handling emotional needs, and 5) personal acceptance as acquaintance, co-worker, and close friend. It was anticipated that male characters expressing sadness or joy would receive greater negative evaluations_ than their female counterparts, particularly from female raters. Similar reactions were predicted for male and female characters expressing anger. A multivariate analysis of variance was perfcrmed on the data, while eight planed comparisons tested the experimental hypotheses using Duari's procedure. Post-hoc analyses utilized Tukey's procedure.The findings revealed that for each emotion expressed there were no significant differences in ratings either due to participant, or character sex, with one exception. The expression of joy was judged by all subjects as more inappropriate for the male than the female character. Post-hoc analyses indicated the expressions of sadness and joy as more appropriate than the expression of anger, leading to lower acceptance of the latter character. The characters expressing sadness were also seen as more adjusted in school work and friendships than either the characters expressing joy or anger. The validity and generalizability of these findings were discussed in light of previous research.Recommendations for future investigations in this area include the use of mixed-sex character dyads and nonprivate interaction contexts, consideration of how genderincongruent behaviors are defined, and utilization of unobtrusive and behavioral measures along with attitudinal ones.

The purpose of this study was to identify family background variables that were correlates of offspring perceptions of gender traits. This project measured the strength of the relationship between offspring perceptions of parental gender-related traits and of offspring self-perception of gender-related traits. The strength of the relationship between measures of family environment factors and of offspring possession of gender traits was also measured. In addition, this study investigated the relationship between these measures and family demographic variables.Spence, Helmriech, and Stapp's Personal Attributes Questionnaire measured self-perception of gender traits. Spence and Helmreich's Parental Attributes Questionnaire measured perceptions of parental gender traits. Moos and Moos' Family Environment Scale measured family environment. Correlation coeffiecients were computed to measure the strength of relationships.Results indicated several significant relationships between parental and offspring gender scores. Several significant relationships emerged between perceptions of family environment and self-perception of gender traits. Sex differences were noted in these relationshlips. Although these relationships were statistically significant, the small correlation coefficients indicated that the relationships tended to be of limited practical value.An analysis which transformed correlation coeficient comparisons into z scores indicated that offspring gender traits were no more related to same-sex parental traits than they were to opposite-sex traits. Regression analyses showed that the best predictor variable for offspring selfperception of masculine traits was a family measure. The best predictor variable for offspring feminine traits was a parental trait score.This study indicated that perception of father's feminine traits was significantly related to perception of family environment. The intellectual and cultural atmosphere of one's family of origin was identified as an important variable. Implications of the findings and suggestions for further research were also presented. / Department of Counseling Psychology and Guidance Services