The purpose of the present thesis is to shed light on the role of pauses in simultaneous interpreting between French and Czech, mainly from the point of view of the listeners of the source speeches in French as well as both students of interpretation and professional interpreters and from the viewpoint of the listeners of the speeches interpreted into Czech. It is divided into a theoretical and an empirical part. The theoretical part briefly outlines the process of simultaneous interpreting and Daniel Gile's Effort Model and then it focuses on prosody and individual prosodic (suprasegmental) features, especially pauses and their use in simultaneous interpreting. The empirical part describes the experiment and presents its results. The experiment itself examines the effect that unnaturally long or unnaturally placed pauses in the speaker's quasi-authentic source speeches have on the choice of strategy and the simultaneous interpreters' performances (students and professionnals) and on the subsequent assessment of their performances made by the listeners of the interpreted speeches. Keywords simultaneous interpreting, pause, listener, speech, speaker, interpreter, comprehensibility

Considerando a pouca quantidade de dados e o tempo limitado para a preparação do intérprete de conferência, o objetivo desta pesquisa é propor uma metodologia para a elaboração de glossários bilíngues, inglês/português, voltados às necessidades de preparação deste profissional, no modo de Interpretação Simultânea, utilizando as ferramentas da Linguística de Corpus. Apesar do crescente número de publicações sobre Estudos de Interpretação, ainda não existe uma extensa bibliografia, em português, que apresente material de suporte para a preparação do intérprete. O modelo de glossário proposto tem como objetivo incluir não apenas termos técnicos e acrônimos, mas também colocados de termos, nomes próprios e paráfrases, e até mesmo pronúncia, quando relevante, pois o acesso a tais informações não somente permite que a Interpretação siga as normas da convencionalidade da língua de chegada, como também poupa o intérprete de depender tanto de um conhecimento intuitivo da língua, reduzindo, dessa forma, a carga cognitiva. Devido ao pouco tempo para a preparação do intérprete, é impraticável fazer uma leitura detalhada de grande quantidade de material de estudo. A Linguística de Corpus, por permitir o estudo de grandes coletâneas de textos e possibilitar a análise dos padrões de linguagem em textos naturais, foi utilizada na elaboração dos glossários. A metodologia descreve a elaboração de glossários para quatro trabalhos com tópicos distintos, sendo que os corpora coletados têm como base as informações enviadas pelo contratante do serviço, biografias de palestrantes, resumos de palestras e outros documentos relacionados aos eventos. Os corpora foram explorados com o programa WordSmith Tools, e, ao final, os glossários foram avaliados em relação a sua eficácia para o evento de Interpretação estudado, tendo como base a transcrição das palestras proferidas. / Given the lack of data and the limited time available for the preparation of Conference Interpreters, this research aims to propose a methodology for the preparation of English/Portuguese bilingual glossaries, based on the preparation needs of professionals in the simultaneous interpreting mode, using Corpus Linguistics tools. In spite of the growing number of publications on Interpreting Studies, there is still no extensive bibliography in Portuguese that can provide support material for the preparation of interpreters. The proposed glossary model aims to include not only technical terms and acronyms, but also collocates of terms, proper names and paraphrases, including their correct pronunciation, whenever relevant. By having access to this information, Interpreters can follow the norms of language use of the target text, while depending less on their intuitive knowledge of the language, thus reducing the cognitive load. Interpreters have little time to prepare and, therefore, are unable to read large quantities of studying material. Corpus Linguistics enables the analysis of a large number of documents and language patterns in natural texts, which makes it very useful for the preparation of glossaries. The methodology describes the preparation of glossaries on four different topics and the collected corpora were based on information sent by the parties contracting Interpreting services, such as speakers biographies, lecture summaries and other documents related to the events. The corpora were explored with WordSmith Tools software and assessed with regard to their efficacy for the Interpreting event studied, based on the transcription of the lectures given.

Considerando a pouca quantidade de dados e o tempo limitado para a preparação do intérprete de conferência, o objetivo desta pesquisa é propor uma metodologia para a elaboração de glossários bilíngues, inglês/português, voltados às necessidades de preparação deste profissional, no modo de Interpretação Simultânea, utilizando as ferramentas da Linguística de Corpus. Apesar do crescente número de publicações sobre Estudos de Interpretação, ainda não existe uma extensa bibliografia, em português, que apresente material de suporte para a preparação do intérprete. O modelo de glossário proposto tem como objetivo incluir não apenas termos técnicos e acrônimos, mas também colocados de termos, nomes próprios e paráfrases, e até mesmo pronúncia, quando relevante, pois o acesso a tais informações não somente permite que a Interpretação siga as normas da convencionalidade da língua de chegada, como também poupa o intérprete de depender tanto de um conhecimento intuitivo da língua, reduzindo, dessa forma, a carga cognitiva. Devido ao pouco tempo para a preparação do intérprete, é impraticável fazer uma leitura detalhada de grande quantidade de material de estudo. A Linguística de Corpus, por permitir o estudo de grandes coletâneas de textos e possibilitar a análise dos padrões de linguagem em textos naturais, foi utilizada na elaboração dos glossários. A metodologia descreve a elaboração de glossários para quatro trabalhos com tópicos distintos, sendo que os corpora coletados têm como base as informações enviadas pelo contratante do serviço, biografias de palestrantes, resumos de palestras e outros documentos relacionados aos eventos. Os corpora foram explorados com o programa WordSmith Tools, e, ao final, os glossários foram avaliados em relação a sua eficácia para o evento de Interpretação estudado, tendo como base a transcrição das palestras proferidas. / Given the lack of data and the limited time available for the preparation of Conference Interpreters, this research aims to propose a methodology for the preparation of English/Portuguese bilingual glossaries, based on the preparation needs of professionals in the simultaneous interpreting mode, using Corpus Linguistics tools. In spite of the growing number of publications on Interpreting Studies, there is still no extensive bibliography in Portuguese that can provide support material for the preparation of interpreters. The proposed glossary model aims to include not only technical terms and acronyms, but also collocates of terms, proper names and paraphrases, including their correct pronunciation, whenever relevant. By having access to this information, Interpreters can follow the norms of language use of the target text, while depending less on their intuitive knowledge of the language, thus reducing the cognitive load. Interpreters have little time to prepare and, therefore, are unable to read large quantities of studying material. Corpus Linguistics enables the analysis of a large number of documents and language patterns in natural texts, which makes it very useful for the preparation of glossaries. The methodology describes the preparation of glossaries on four different topics and the collected corpora were based on information sent by the parties contracting Interpreting services, such as speakers biographies, lecture summaries and other documents related to the events. The corpora were explored with WordSmith Tools software and assessed with regard to their efficacy for the Interpreting event studied, based on the transcription of the lectures given.

[pt] O presente trabalho enfoca a interpretação enquanto atividade social e o intérprete profissional como agente em interação com as outras partes interessadas em eventos mediados por interpretação simultânea. O objetivo principal é caracterizar e explicar as atitudes e crenças do intérprete para com a sua função profissional, bem como suas ações e reações com relação aos outros agentes que participam dos eventos nos quais atuam. São identificadas as fontes e naturezas das pressões e restrições que afetam seu desempenho e a maneira como a profissão vem respondendo a elas no âmbito global e, mais especificamente, no Brasil. Essas questões são abordadas pela perspectiva do próprio intérprete, tomando como foco central suas experiências e expectativas profissionais. A atividade de interpretação é caracterizada historicamente em contraste com a tradução, e as atitudes predominantes relativas a ambas as áreas em determinadas épocas históricas são descritas. São destacadas as rápidas transformações ocorridas a partir do século XX, tanto nas atividades em si como na sua estruturação profissional e acadêmica. Para identificar as crenças e atitudes dos intérpretes e as restrições às quais são sujeitos, são apresentados os resultados de entrevistas realizadas com profissionais que atuam no Rio de Janeiro. Os dados são analisados com o uso de duas ferramentas teóricas: as normas tradutórias de Gideon Toury e os conceitos de habitus e campo de Pierre Bourdieu. São identificadas as normas inicial e preliminares presentes no mercado carioca, bem como aqueles comportamentos que indicam a existência de um habitus compartilhado na profissão e os que apontam para aspectos ainda não consolidados. Quando os dados das entrevistas são analisados junto às informações sobre a evolução histórica da profissão, chega- se à conclusão de que ela representa um campo ou sub-campo ainda em formação. São levantadas as implicações do processo atual de consolidação da profissão e as possíveis sinergias com a academia. / [en] This study views interpreting as a socially-oriented activity and the professional interpreter as an agent who interacts with the other stakeholders at events mediated by simultaneous interpreting. Its main aim is to describe and explain interpreters´ attitudes and beliefs regarding their profession, as well as their actions and reactions concerning the other agents who take part in the events at which they work. The source and nature of the pressures and restrictions which affect interpreters´ performance are identified, as is the profession´s response to them on a worldwide and national (Brazilian) level. These issues are viewed from the perspective of interpreters themselves, taking their own professional experiences and expectations as the core focus. A historical overview of interpreting is presented in contrast with that of translation and the prevailing attitudes towards both areas at given moments in time are described. The rapid changes as of the 20th century seen in both the activities and their respective professional and academic structuring are given special attention. In order to identify the interpreters´ beliefs and attitudes and the restrictions they feel, the findings of interviews held with professionals who work in Rio de Janeiro are presented. The data are analysed from two complementary perspectives: Gideon Toury´s translation norms and Pierre Bourdieu´s concepts of habitus and field. The initial and preliminary norms present in the Rio market are identified, as are those behaviours that indicate the existence of a shared habitus in the profession, along with those that point to issues as yet unconsolidated. When the data from the interviews are analysed together with the information about the profession´s historical development, it is concluded that the profession represents a field or sub-field in formation. The implications of the current process of consolidation in the profession are raised, as are its potential synergies with the academic world.

The present theoretical-empirical diploma thesis in the field of interpreting studies analyses the transfer of conative function in bidirectional simultaneous interpreting between Czech and English. The theoretical part of the thesis presents an overview of the present knowledge in relation to the conative or persuasive function of language and its transfer in interpreting. The methodological framework and initial hypothesis underlying the empirical part of the thesis are then defined. The research material used for the quantitative-qualitative research consists of a corpus of recordings of original and interpreted speeches from the European Parliament. The aim of the present thesis is to explore to what degree the conative function, being the dominant language function in political discourse, is preserved in the interpreted versions of the speeches, on the basis of which debates in this multilingual institution take place. The empirical research follows from a contrastive analysis of the transfer of individual categories of the means of the conative function in simultaneous interpreting for the given language pair. Results of the research are interpreted in terms of the characteristics of the original speech, type of interpreting and directionality.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(人間・環境学) / 甲第22018号 / 人博第908号 / 2019||人博||908(吉田南総合図書館) / 京都大学大学院人間・環境学研究科共生人間学専攻 / (主査)准教授 中森 誉之, 教授 水野 尚之, 准教授 PETERSON,Mark / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Human and Environmental Studies / Kyoto University / DGAM

Conference interpreting in general and simultaneous interpreting in particular are practice-based activities. In training future interpreters, conference interpreter trainers rely heavily on practical exercises that enable students to apply the skills they previously learnt and acquired in class in interpreting situations. For various reasons, the latter, however, may not be as realistic as a simulated conference, thereby preventing students from fully experiencing the atmosphere of real-life conference interpreting. This study begins with the hypothesis that mock conferences such as Model United Nations (MUN) conferences are effective in the training of postgraduate student interpreters in simultaneous interpreting. To examine this hypothesis, and present an alternative view if possible, the researcher observes postgraduate students in the MA Applied Language Studies (option: Translation and Interpreting) at the University of Pretoria performing in the simultaneous interpreting mode during a Model United Nations conference organised by the University‘s United Nations Association. Using a setting such as this, which simulates United Nations General Assembly or Security Council conferences, the researcher observes the students‘ performances and the delegates‘ reactions and analyses trainees‘ perceptions regarding the opportunity to use their skills set in a more realistic environment. / Mini-dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2014. / tm2015 / Modern European Languages / MA / Unrestricted

This theoretical-empirical thesis focuses on anticipation in simultaneous interpreting from German into Czech. The theoretical part presents an overview of commonly used interpreting strategies and subsequently concentrates on anticipation, its types, and findings of previous studies on this topic. The theoretical part also describes the main syntactic attributes of German that are likely to lead an interpreter to use anticipation. The aim of the empirical part is to find out if students of interpreting use this strategy. If so, the question is how often anticipation occurs and which type of anticipation is used. The empirical part includes an experiment on two groups of interpreting students, one group having one year worth of experience more with simultaneous interpreting than the other. Their interpretations are subsequently analyzed and compared. Keywords simultaneous interpreting, interpreting strategies, anticipation, probability prognosis

An important field of interpreting research, neurolinguistic approach emerged soon after the shift towards an interdisciplinary approach to research into interpreting. The mutually beneficial collaboration between neurolinguists and interpreters has been centred mainly on the issue of language representation in interpreters as bilingual subjects, namely on the role each of the two cerebral hemispheres plays depending on the task (automatic speech production, shadowing, translation of single words or phrases, simultaneous interpreting), choice of interpreting strategy (literal vs. meaning-based interpretation) or on the direction of interpreting (B to A vs. A to B language). The thesis focuses on the research into hemispheric lateralization done at SSLMIT, University of Trieste, Italy - the place where, in the 80s, the neurolinguistic approach was first adopted. The Trieste School then remained its centre for approximately ten years. The beginning chapters of this theoretical study present the fundamentals of neuranatomy, neurophysiology and neurolinguistics, necessary for understanding of the mental processes underlying simultaneous interpretation. Furthermore, relevant neuroimaging methods are introduced that either have already been used in or could be applied to interpreting research in the...

This theoretical-empirical study deals with the impact of regional varieties of Spanish on the quality of simultaneous interpreting into Czech. The aim of this thesis is to find whether interpreters make more omissions, additions, semantic errors and errors of performance when they interpret from Latin American varieties of Spanish than when they interpret from standard European Spanish as defined by the Royal Spanish Academy (RAE). Another aim is to confirm that different user groups have different expectations regarding the quality of simultaneous interpreting. The theoretical part of this thesis presents findings and conclusions of previous studies. It also provides an overview of strategies and coping mechanisms and a description of some of the Latin American varieties of Spanish. The research part of this study consists of an experiment and a questionnaire survey regarding quality assessment. The empirical part of this thesis presents the results of the experiment and the questionnaire survey.