Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-13T17:08:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PeryclysROA_Cap1.pdf: 1534050 bytes, checksum: 88145cdf2e8bbe54b546fb696fea947a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-06-17 / Due to its high resolution, Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) has been used to image subsurface sedimentary deposits. Because GPR and Seismic methods share some principles of image construction, the classic seismostratigraphic interpretation method has been also applied as an attempt to interpret GPR data. Nonetheless some advances in few particular contexts, the adaptations from seismic to GPR of seismostratigraphic tools and concepts unsuitable because the meaning given to the termination criteria in seismic stratigraphy do not represent the adequate geologic record in the GPR scale. Essentially, the open question relies in proposing a interpretation method for GPR data which allow not only relating product and sedimentary process in the GPR scale but also identifying or proposing depositional environments and correlating these results with the well known Sequence Stratigraphy cornerstones. The goal of this dissertation is to propose an interpretation methodology of GPR data able to perform this task at least for siliciclastic deposits. In order to do so, the proposed GPR interpretation method is based both on seismostratigraphic concepts and on the bounding surface hierarchy tool from Miall (1988). As consequence of this joint use, the results of GPR interpretation can be associated to the sedimentary facies in a genetic context, so that it is possible to: (i) individualize radar facies and correlate them to the sedimentary facies by using depositional models; (ii) characterize a given depositional system, and (iii) determine its stratigraphic framework highligthing how it evolved through geologic time. To illustrate its use the proposed methodology was applied in a GPR data set from Galos area which is part of the Galinhos spit, located in Rio Grande do Norte state, Northeastern Brazil. This spit presents high lateral sedimentary facies variation, containing in its sedimentary record from 4th to 6th cicles caused by high frequency sea level oscillation. The interpretation process was done throughout the following phases: (i) identification of a vertical facies succession, (ii) characterization of radar facies and its associated sedimentary products, (iii) recognition of the associated sedimentary process in a genetic context, and finally (iv) proposal of an evolutionay model for the Galinhos spit. This model proposes that the Galinhos spit is a barrier island constituted, from base to top, of the following sedimentary facies: tidal channel facies, tidal flat facies, shore facies, and aeolic facies (dunes). The tidal channel facies, in the base, is constituted of lateral accretion bars and filling deposits of the channels. The base facies is laterally truncated by the tidal flat facies. In the foreshore zone, the tidal flat facies is covered by the shore facies which is the register of a sea transgression. Finally, on the top of the stratigraphic column, aeolic dunes are deposited due to areal exposition caused by a sea regression / O Radar Penetrante no Solo (Ground Penetrating Radar GPR) tem sido utilizado para mapear em detalhe dep?sitos sedimentares, devido ? sua alta resolu??o. Pelo fato de que os m?todos GPR e S?smico t?m princ?pios de forma??o de imagens muito semelhantes, o modelo cl?ssico de interpreta??o s?smica, baseado na sismoestratigrafia, tem sido tentativamente utilizado para interpretar dados de GPR. N?o obstante os grandes avan?os j? realizados em contextos particulares, as adapta??es propostas das ferramentas e conceitos da sismoestratigrafia, para o GPR, ainda s?o inadequadas; isto acontece basicamente porque as interpreta??es atribu?das aos padr?es de termina??o, extra?dos da sismoestratigrafia convencional, n?o representam o registro geol?gico na escala de opera??o do GPR. O problema conceitual reside, pois, em propor um m?todo de interpreta??o que permita n?o s? relacionar produto e processo sedimentar, na escala do GPR, mas tamb?m identificar ou propor ambientes deposicionais e correlacionar estes resultados com os blocos construtores da Estratigrafia de Seq??ncias. O objetivo desse trabalho ? propor uma metodologia de interpreta??o de dados de GPR capaz de realizar esta tarefa, pelo menos no contexto de dep?sitos silicicl?sticos. Para este fim, prop?e-se uma interpreta??o de dados de GPR, baseada na adapta??o de termos e conceitos herdados da sismoestratigrafia, em conjunto com uma metodologia de hierarquiza??o de superf?cies limitantes (bounding surfaces), a exemplo da metodologia proposta por Miall (1988). Como conseq??ncia direta desta combina??o, a interpreta??o dos dados de GPR pode ser associada ?s f?cies sedimentares, dentro de um contexto gen?tico, possibilitando assim: (i) individualizar as radarf?cies e correlacion?-las ?s f?cies sedimentares, com base em modelos de f?cies sedimentares; (ii) caracterizar um determinado sistema deposicional e, principalmente, (iii) determinar seu arcabou?o estratigr?fico, mostrando como ele evoluiu no tempo geol?gico. Para exemplificar a utiliza??o desta metodologia de interpreta??o foram utilizados os dados de GPR adquiridos na ?rea de Galos, que faz parte do spit de Galinhos, localizado no Estado do Rio Grande do Norte. Este spit apresenta grande variedade lateral de f?cies sedimentares e cont?m registros sedimentares que s?o sens?veis ?s varia??es de freq??ncia mais alta do n?vel relativo do mar (ciclos de 4? a 6? ordens). O processo de interpreta??o constou das seguintes fases: (i) estabelecimento de uma sucess?o vertical de f?cies, (ii) caracteriza??o dos produtos sedimentares (radarf?cies), (ii) atribui??o de processos sedimentares dentro de um cunho gen?tico, e finalmente (iv) estabelecimento de um modelo evolutivo para o spit de Galinhos. O modelo prop?e que este spit constitui um sistema do tipo Ilhas Barreiras que ? materializado, da base para o topo, por f?cies de estreito de mar? (tidal inlet), f?cies de plan?cie de mar?, f?cies de praia e f?cies e?lica (dunas). A f?cies de estreito de mar?, na base, ? representada por barras de acres??o lateral que preencheram os estreitos de mar?. Estes dep?sitos s?o truncados lateralmente pela f?cies de plan?cie de mar?. Na zona de intermar? antiga, a f?cies de intermar? encontra-se sobreposta pela f?cies de praia, marcando assim um avan?o relativo da linha de costa. Por fim, no topo da coluna estratigr?fica, est?o depositadas dunas e?licas, denotando o recuo da linha de costa e conseq?ente exposi??o a?rea

La marge provençale, localisée au Nord-Ouest de la Méditerranée, constitue avec la marge du Golfe du Lion et la marge ligure, la bordure septentrionale du bassin Liguro-Provençal. L'objectif principal de ce travail est la reconstitution de l'histoire géodynamique, structurale et géomorphologique de la marge depuis le Tertiaire. Sa structure est principalement le résultat des phases tectoniques anté-miocènes. Sur la marge provençale la transition entre le plateau continental et le bassin est étroite et caractérisée par des pentes abruptes affectées par des phénomènes d'instabilité gravitaire dans l'axe du canyon sous-marin de Cassidaigne. A terre, la marge provençale est caractérisée par une compression pyrénéenne, des fossés oligocènes, et une sédimentation mésozoïque à cénozoïque essentiellement carbonatée propice à l'infiltration des eaux en profondeur. L'origine des cours d'eau de la région est essentiellement karstique, et les sources côtières de Port-Miou et Bestouan constituent des réseaux karstiques noyés développés sur plusieurs kilomètres dans le calcaire urgonien, au droit du canyon de Cassidaigne. Les travaux antérieurs suggèrent que l'absence de réseau fluviatile de surface en amont et la forme de reculée karstique de la tête du canyon de Cassidaigne sont le résultat d'une connexion karstique entre les sources côtières et le canyon, que la marge provençale n'ait pas été affectée par l'érosion messinienne et la transgression pliocène, que certains dépôts transgressifs marins miocènes sont situés à des altitudes anormalement élevées par rapport à leurs niveaux de dépôt théorique. / The Provence Margin is situated in the north-western Mediterranean and constitutes the northern edge of the Liguro-Provençal Basin with the margins of the Gulf of Lion and Ligurian sea. The main objectif of this thesis is the reconstruction of the geodynamic, structural and geomorphologic history of the margin since the Tertiary. This margin is mainly structured by ante-miocene tectonic events. On the Provence Margin, transition between the continental plate and the basin is narrow and characterized by abrupt slopes and associated gravitary instability within the axis of the Cassidaigne canyon. The Provence Margin is characterized by Pyrenean compression and Oligocene extension. The Mesozoïc-Cenozoïc sedimentary pile is dominated by carbonate rocks favorable to water circulation. The origin of the river system in the region is essentially karstic, and the coastal springs of Port-Miou and Bestouan correspond to drowned karstic network that develop along tens of kilometers within the Urgonian limestone, updip of the Cassidaigne Canyon. Previous work suggest (1) that the lack of updip river system and the karst pocket valley shape of the canyon head are the result of an active karstic connexion between the coastal springs and the canyon, (2) that the Provence Margin is not affected by the Messinian erosion and Pliocene transgression, and (3) that Miocene marine transgressions are preserved at higher altitudes than their theoretical level. These facts witness a recent tectonic deformation that is not well understood. This work is based on the integration of geology, geomorphology and hydrogeology with the aim to understand evolution and functioning of coastal karsts