The chamber compositions of Bohuslav Martinů is one of the important chapters in the composer's life, which belongs to a large part of his work. The aim of this work is to describe individual periods with a focus on his chamber works. The characteristics of these compositions depend on different life stages of the author and other circumstances that have strongly influenced the life of this composer. While in his childhood he began to compose rather minor compositions, he was able to get a scholarship in Paris during the student years and to study under the direction of important composer A. Roussel. The situation during the Second World War unfortunately forced him to immigrate to America. There he composed his most important works and after the war he returned to Europe.