The purpose of this study, was to create a joint understanding of the research about problematic absenteeism in Swedish primary school. Through a system theoretic perspective see to the reasons, risks and the social worker's role. 14 articles were selected after a database search to fulfill the aim of the study. We opted for a scooping review as we considered it appropriate as a method for student- essays. We found that a system theory was suitable as we could identify four systems to describe how our found science described causes and risks concerning a problematic school absenteeism. These systems was the individual, the family, the school and the social worker ́s role. From the results we could read how research explains the causes of the problematic absenteeism, as both internal and external. Neuropsychiatric, mental disabilities and a sense of coherence were some of the internal factors stated, while teacher- student relations and relationships with friends were external factors that proved to affect students in to a problematic absence. It also emerged that the problematic absenteeism results in many risks for continued life. Everything from crime and addiction to poor mental health and keeping safe relationships. Social work was also considered to have a strong link with the problematic absenteeism, both in the current school situation, but also to a large extent after leaving school. The problems are complex and concern individuals as well as society, and in view of this, it is important to lift the problem and to continue to develop in the work with problematic absenteeism.