Master of Science / Department of Computing and Information Sciences / Gurdip Singh / As the network bandwidth and delay increase, TCP becomes inefficient. Data intensive applications over high-speed networks need new transport protocol to support them. This project describes a general purpose high performance data transfer protocol as an application level solution. The protocol Reliable UDP-based data transfer works above UDP with reliability. Reliable Data Transfer protocol provides reliability to applications using the Sliding Window protocol (Selective Repeat). UDP uses a simple transmission model without implicit handshaking techniques for providing reliability and ordering of packets. Thus, UDP provides an unreliable service and datagrams may arrive out of order, appear duplicated, or go missing without notice. Reliable UDP uses both positive acknowledgements and negative acknowledgements to guarantee data reliability. Both simulation and implementation results have shown that Reliable UDP provides reliable data transfer. This report will describe the details of Reliable UDP protocol with simulation and implementation results and analysis.

La prédiction de l’amortissement des structures complexes se heurte actuellement à un certain nombre de difficultés. L'utilisation de matériaux métalliques dans les assemblages aéronautiques ne permet pas d'exploiter les faibles capacités d'amortissement interne des pièces de structure. Le potentiel d'amortissement de ces assemblages se trouve donc dans les interfaces de contact au niveau des liaisons fixes (vissées, rivetées) ou mobiles (rotules, pivots). La conception de jonctions fixes amortissantes demande de favoriser les micro-glissements, ce qui entraine l'apparition d'endommagements par fretting. Pour tenter de résoudre les problèmes de durée de vie liés au fretting, les traitements et revêtements de surface prennent de plus en plus d'importance. Ces travaux de thèse mettent en place des moyens expérimentaux (développement d’un banc haute température) et des méthodologies d'essais permettant de sélectionner des solutions palliatives au fretting avec un objectif de dissipation d'énergie maximale. L’approche énergétique mise en place permet de distinguer les différents régimes de glissement et d’identifier les configurations les plus favorables pour l’amortissement. Deux cas d'application (un à l'ambiante, un à 600°C) ont servi de base expérimentale, mettant en jeux différents alliages métalliques (aciers inoxydables 17.4-PH et XD15NW, Ti6Al4V, Inconel 718) protégés par des revêtements DLC, ou de l'implantation ionique de WS2 avec et sans traitement de sous-couche (CrN et CrC). / Predicting the damping behavior of complex mechanical assemblies faces many technical and scientific challenges. The internal damping of metallic materials is insufficient for aeronautical applications. The energy dissipation potential is located at the contacting surfaces of fixed (bolted, riveted) or mobile joints (pivot, ball-joint). Ensuring micro-slip is required to design dampening fixed joints, but it promotes fretting damage. Coatings and surface treatments are extensively used in order to tackle the ensuing durability issues. This work presents experimental means (newly designed high temperature test rig) and test methods for fretting palliatives selection with a maximum dissipated energy criterion. Energy based approaches enable the distinction between different sliding regimes and the identification of the most favorable ones. The experimental study was based on two industrial cases (at ambient temperature and 600°C) involving various metallic alloys (17.4-PH and XD15NW stainless steels, TI6Al4V and Inconel 718) protected with DLCs or WS2 ionic implantation (on raw substrate or CrC/CrN underlay).

La machine asynchrone présente un intérêt majeur par rapport aux autres types de machines(courant continu, synchrone, ...), sa robustesse, son faible coût de fabrication etd'entretien en sont les principales raisons. Cependant ces avantages ont longtemps été inhibés par la complexité de la commande de celle-ci.De nos jours de nombreux industrielles proposent des variateurs de vitesse pour la machine asynchrone offrant à la fois la souplesse de contrôle, et la qualité de la conversion électromagnétique,naturellement obtenues jusqu'alors avec la machine à courant continu et de la machine synchrone.Depuis quelques années les industrielles font face à une nouvelle problématique, qui est la suppression du capteur mécanique dans le processus de régulation de vitesse de la machine asynchrone. Les travaux de cette thèse, effectués dansle cadre d'un support CIFRE entre l'entreprise GS Maintenance et le laboratoire ECS-Lab EA 3649, ont été orientésvers la réalisation d'un système de contrôle commande d'un variateur industrieldédié aux machines asynchrones sans capteur mécanique. De ce point de vue, l'objectifpremier du travail de thèse, est la conception des techniques de détermination des grandeursmécaniques (vitesse) de la machine asynchrone en utilisant comme seules mesuresles grandeurs électriques. Ces techniques, utilisées pour remplacer l'informationdonnée par les capteurs mécaniques, sont parfois appelées capteurs logiciels.Une attention particulière est donnée au fonctionnement de la machine asynchrone sanscapteur mécanique à basse vitesse. Dans un second temps l'objectif étant d'illustrer lesintérêts technologiques d'un observateur basé sur la technique des modes glissants dansle but d'intégrer celui-ci dans le système contrôle commande d'un variateur industriel. / Induction machine includes main interests compared with others electricals machines like brushed DC Motor,or synchronus electric Motor.Its robustness, its low cost manufacture, and maintenance are major reason of its success.However, for long time this advantages inhibited because of induction machine control complexity.Nowadays,many industrial propose speed drives for induction machine giving both control flexibility, and electromagnetic qualited conversion, naturally obtained with DC motor, and synchronus electric Motor.For several years now, many manufacturers face to a new problematic, wich is sensorless induction machine control.This thesis work, carried out in concert with the firm GS Maintenance and ECS-Lab EA 3649 laboratory under CIFRE financement.This work focused on conception plant dedicated to sensorless industrial speed drive control for induction machine.From this point of view, at first glance this work proposes technical strategies to identify mechanical induction machine variables, by using only electrical measurements.This strategies used to stand in for informations from a mechanical sensor, are the so called software sensor.Specific attention has been paid to induction machine sensorless working at very low speed. Secondly, we propose to illustrate the interest of a second order Sliding Mode Observer with final aim to be integrated into an industrial speed drive

Orientador: José Paulo Fernandes Garcia / Banca: Laurence Duarte Colvara / Banca: Ivan Nunes da Silva / Resumo: O enfoque principal do trabalho foi dado ao Controle Discreto com Modos Deslizantes(CDMD) aplicado em sistemas que possuem atraso no processamento do sinal de controle e acesso somente à saída do sistema. A estratégia de controle tem por objetivo a utilização de técnicas de controle com modos deslizantes para a elaboração de uma lei de controle simples e robusta às incertezas da planta e ao atraso. O observador de estados apresentado possui características de modo deslizante, o qual realiza a estimação robusta do vetor de estados que na maioria dos casos práticos não é totalmente acessível. Os métodos de projetos propostos podem ser aplicados no controle de plantas estáveis ou instáveis com atraso no sinal de controle e acesso somente à saída da planta. Para comprovar a eficiência dos projetos apresentados neste trabalho, analisou-se o controlador atuando com acesso a todos estados e o controlador atuando juntamente com o observador robusto para a estimação dos estados. Os resultados foram obtidos através de simulações no Sistema Bola e Viga, Sistema Pêndulo Invertido Linear e Sistema Pêndulo Invertido Rotacional que são exemplos de plantas de natureza instável. / Abstract: The main focus was placed on the Discrete Sliding Mode Control (DSMC) applied to systems that have a delay in the processing of the control signal and access to the system output only. The control strategy is intended to use control techniques of sliding modes to elaborate a simple and robust control law against the uncertainties of the plant and the delay. The states observer presented has the characteristics of a sliding mode, which performs the robust estimation of the states vector that, in most practical cases, is not fully accessible. The design methods proposed may be applied to the control of stable or unstable plants with delay on the control signal and access to the plant output only. In order to attest the efficiency of the design presented in this work, the controller was analyzed at work with access to all states and jointly with the robust observer to estimate the states. The results were obtained by means of simulations in the Ball and Beam System, Linear Inverted Pendulum System, and Rotational Inverted Pendulum System, which are examples of plants of unstable nature. / Mestre

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2006. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 78-82).

Nanocrystalline materials with grain size less than 100 nm have been receiving much attention because of their unparallel properties compared with their microcrystalline counterparts. Because of its high hardness, nanocrystalline nickel has been used for MEMS. Long term thermomechnical properties and deformation mechanism at both ambient and elevated temperatures need to be evaluated which is vital for reliability of its applications as structural material. In this thesis, nanoindentation creep of nanocrystalline nickel with an as-deposited grain size of 14 nm was characterized at elevated temperatures. The nanoindentation creep rate was observed to scale with temperature and applied load (or stress), and could be expressed by an empirical power-law equation for describing conventional crystalline solids. Creep activation energy was found to be close to that for grain boundary self-diffusion in nickel. The activation volume was also evaluated using a stress relaxation technique. The creep results were compared with those for fine-grained nickel in the literature. Possible mechanisms were discussed in light of the creep rate and temperature ranges. To provide a direct comparison, uniaxial creep tests were conducted on nanocrystalline nickel with an as-deposited grain size of 14 nm at 398 K. It was found that stress exponents under the two test conditions are almost the same, indicating a similar creep mechanism. However, the strain rate measured by nanoindentation creep was about 100 times faster than that by uniaxial creep. The rate difference was discussed in terms of stress states and the appropriate selection of Tabor factor. To further explore the time-dependent plastic behavior, multiple unload-reload tests were conducted on electrodeposited nanocrystalline nickel in both compression and tension. A hysteresis was observed during each unload-reload cycle, indicating irreversible energy dissipation. The dissipated energy was evaluated and the energy dissipation rate was found to increase with the flow stress to the third power and sensitive to the stress state (tension or compression). A mechanistic model based on grain boundary sliding was proposed to describe the unload-reload behavior. Experimental results were found to be in good agreement with the model predictions, suggesting the observed hysteresis was indeed caused by grain boundary sliding.

The aim of this thesis is to increase the understanding of wear in rolling/sliding contacts such as the wheel-rail contact for railroads and the roller-washer contact for roller bearings. The Stockholm commuter train network has been the subject of papers A and B in this thesis in which the wear and surface cracks on rails has been observed for a period of three years. By comparing the wear depth with the crack length, equilibrium between these two damage mechanisms was found for a lubricated rail. By using a lubricant with friction modifiers the stresses was low enough to prevent crack propagation; at the same time, the rail was hard enough to reduce the wear rate. This is probably the most favourable state in terms of rail maintenance cost. Roller bearings subjected to lubricant borne particles have been the subject of papers C, D and E in this thesis. Particles in the lubricating oil can have a significant impact on the wear in lubricated contacts. Even at low concentration levels can self-generated particles cause significant wear. The here presented results shows that filtration during run-in can significantly reduce both the mass loss and the number of self generated particles. A series of experiments has been carried out to study the wear of roller bearings by ingested lubricant borne hard particles. The form of the worn profile and the length of wear scratches correspond closely to the sliding within the contact. A count of the number of wear scratches on the rolling element surface indicates that the contact concentrates particles. A novel wear model based on the observation of a single point on the contacting surface when a concentration of particles passes through it has been developed and the necessary data for the model has been determined from the experiments. Comparison of the simulation results with the experimental results shows good qualitative agreement for the form change of the washer surfaces. / QC 20101015

Based on the Lyapunov stability theorem, an adaptive sliding mode control scheme is proposed in this thesis for a class of mismatched perturbed multi-input multi-output (MIMO) dynamic systems to solve regualtion problems. The sliding surface function is firstly designed by treating some state variables as a pseudo controllers through the usage of sliding function to stabilize the rest of state variables. In this thesis the number of these pseudo controllers is less than that of the state variables to be stabilized. The second step is to design the controllers so that the trajectories of the controlled systems are able to reach sliding surface in a finite time. Some adaptive mechanisms are embedded in the sliding surface function and sliding mode controllers, so that not only the mismatched perturbations can be suppressed during the sliding mode, but also the information of upper bounds of some perturbations are not required when designing the sliding surface function and controllers. Once the controlled system enters the sliding mode, the state trajectories can achieve asymptotical stability under certain conditions. A numerical example and a practical example are given to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed design technique.

A quantized control means that the control force is restricted to takes only a finite number of prescribed levels. The well-known bang-bang control or relay control belongs to this category. This kind of control has the advantage of simple circuit realization using electronic switches or relays that feature low power consumption in their on-off operation. However, quantized control introduces noise and distortion, and even worse its high nonlinearity makes the stabilizing compensator design difficult. This thesis applies the concept of dynamic sliding mode to the synthesis of a multi-level quantized control, with the aim to stabilize the system, perform reference tracking and attenuate the switching noise. The applicability of the presented sliding-mode quantized control is demonstrated on a three-level buck converter. Compared with the conventional PWM (Pulse-Width Modulation) scheme, it eliminates the use of a complex three-level PWM generator and a current sensor. A 12V/8V three-level buck converter with sliding mode quantized control is designed and realized, which shows the output voltage with 0.4625% of average DC error, 2.8988% of the static output ripple and 2.3% of load regulation error in response to the load current steps from 0A/3A to 3A/0A, at a slew rate of 6.25A/£gsec.

This thesis is concerned with the speed control of a brushless DC (BLDC) fan motor by switching its coil currents. Because fans are the most common cooling devices for computers, the demand for a quit and efficient fan that is capable of automatically regulating its speed according to temperature grows with each passing day. A mixed linear and switching control scheme which consists of two loop of feedback compensation for a two-phase BLDC fan motor is presented. Roughly speaking, the linear outer loop is mainly for speed regulation, and the inner loop is to generate a switching control signal while doing plant compensation. This control structure is simple and effective, emphasizing on low power consumption, accurate velocity regulation and low switching noise. The performance and stability requirement can be easily met by tuning several positive coefficients in the controller. The experiment shows an average steady-state regulation error of 0.563% in the range of fan¡¦s speed from 1050 to 2231 r.p.m.