In this thesis, a new model for the slow start phase based on the discrete evolutions of congestion window is developed, and we integrate this part into the improved TCP steady state model for a better prediction performance. Combining these short and steady state models, we propose an extensive stochastic model which can accurately predict the throughput and latency of the TCP connections as functions of loss rate, round-trip time (RTT), and file size. We validate our results through simulation experiments. The results show that our model?s predictions match the simulation results better than the Padhye and Cardwell's stochastic models, about 75% improvement in the accuracy of performance predictions for the steady state and 20% improvement for the short-lived TCP flows.

Networking research and development have historically focused on increasing network throughput and path resource utilization, which particularly helped bulk applications such as file transfer and video streaming. Recent over-provisioning in the core of the Internet has facilitated the use of interactive applications like interactive web browsing, audio/video conferencing, multi- player online gaming and financial trading applications. Although the bulk applications rely on transferring data as fast as the network permits, interactive applications consume rather little bandwidth, depending instead on low latency. Recently, there has been an increasing concern in reducing latency in networking research, as the responsiveness of interactive applications directly influences the quality of experience. To appreciate the significance of latency-sensitive applications for today's Internet, we need to understand their traffic pattern and quantify their prevalence. In this thesis, we quantify the proportion of potentially latency-sensitive traffic and its development over time. Next, we show that the flow start-up mechanism in the Internet is a major source of latency for a growing proportion of traffic, as network links get faster. The loss recovery mechanism in the transport protocol is another major source of latency. To improve the performance of latency-sensitive applications, we propose and evaluate several modifications in TCP. We also investigate the possibility of prioritization at the transport layer to improve the loss recovery. The idea is to trade reliability for timeliness. We particularly examine the applicability of PR-SCTP with a focus on event logging. In our evaluation, the performance of PR-SCTP is largely influenced by small messages. We analyze the inefficiency in detail and propose several solutions. We particularly implement and evaluate one solution that utilizes the Non-Renegable Selective Acknowledgments (NR-SACKs) mechanism, which has been proposed for standardization in the IETF. According to the results, PR-SCTP with NR-SCAKs significantly improves the application performance in terms of low latency as compared to SCTP and TCP. / Interactive applications such as web browsing, audio/video conferencing, multi-player online gaming and financial trading applications do not benefit (much) from more bandwidth. Instead, they depend on low latency. Latency is a key determinant of user experience. An increasing concern for reducing latency is therefore currently being observed among the networking research community and industry. In this thesis, we quantify the proportion of potentially latency-sensitive traffic and its development over time. Next, we show that the flow start-up mechanism in the Internet is a major source of latency for a growing proportion of traffic, as network links get faster. The loss recovery mechanism in the transport protocol is another major source of latency. To improve the performance of latency-sensitive applications, we propose and evaluate several modifications in TCP. We also investigate the possibility of prioritization at the transport layer to improve the loss recovery. The idea is to trade reliability for timeliness. We particularly examine the applicability of PR-SCTP with a focus on event logging. In our evaluation, the performance of PR-SCTP is largely influenced by small messages. We analyze the inefficiency in detail and propose several solutions. We particularly implement and evaluate one solution that utilizes the Non-Renegable Selective Acknowledgments (NR-SACKs) mechanism, which has been proposed for standardization in the IETF. According to the results, PR-SCTP with NR-SCAKs significantly improves the application performance in terms of low latency as compared to SCTP and TCP.

Content of master’s thesis is description field of Sliding window and it’s expansion algorithms, witch are Slow start, Congestion avoidance, Fast Retransmit and Fast Recovery algorithm. Thereinafter is described creation of model in Opnet Modeler’s simulation area. In this simulation area was analyzed reactions of average transfer speed onto variance of data size, lost ratio, latency in short and long time slot and variance of receiver’s buffer size. In last section of this document is method design witch makes it possible of transfer speed control through the use of receiver’s buffer size dynamic setting.