La Corée est régulièrement touchée par des inondations et des sécheresses majeures qui affectent l’environnement naturel et impactent très sérieusement les activités économiques du pays. La mise en réseau des différentes ressources et infrastructures selon le concept des Smart Water Grid peut permettre d’atténuer l’impact de ces évènements. Gérer de manière dynamique les réservoirs, collecter les précipitations en milieu urbain à l’aide de réservoirs qui peuvent être utilisés pour stocker et limiter l’effet du ruissellement sont des mesures qui peuvent contribuer significativement à améliorer la gestion de l’eau. De même, les ressources de surfaces, souterraines et issues des unités de purification ou de désalinisation peuvent être combinées et associées pour répondre à la demande. Cette approche est celle du concept de Smart Water Grid qui est l’objet de ce travail de recherche. La majorité des sites urbains en Corée sont alimentés à partir de ressources superficielles. Dans le cas de l’île de Youngiongdo qui accueille l’aéroport international d’Incheon et toutes les installations aéroportuaires, l’alimentation en eau est réalisé à partir du fleuve Han et après traitement. Cependant, le système d'approvisionnement en eau est particulièrement vulnérable puisque l’eau est acheminée à partir de la ville d’Incheon située sur le littoral continental. Aucune ressource n’est mobilisée sur l’ile. Cette recherche a permis de préciser le concept de Smart Water Grid et de développer un modèle global permettant d’évaluer la disponibilité des différentes ressources à l’aide de différents modèles hydrologiques et hydrauliques. Cette approche a été appliquée sur le site de Youngiongdo. / Korea repeatedly experiences floods and droughts that cause traumatic environmental conditions with huge economic impact. With an approach and solution such as Smart Water Grid these problems can be alleviated. Tapping into the retention ponds behind dams, rainfall harvest facilities in urban areas and any other structures installed to store rainfall water during flood events will mitigate the damage of flooding and provide a new source of national water resources. Similarly, purified waste water, ground water and desalinated sea water can also be feasible to use as alternative water resources. In this research, the water balance assessment model is being developed as a Smart Water Grid concept. In fact, large proportions of water resources in Korea rely on a river fresh water. Also in the Youngjongdo Island, tap water from water purification plant which use original source from the Han river. However the water supply system in the island is quite dangerous since the water purification plant is located in Incheon city and the water comes to island through the sea and no other source is used in the island. Therefore, once the accident at main water pipe in the sea, no water is available in this island. Information on water availability and water needs are crucial to identify hot spots of quantitative pressures on water resources. In this study, all available alternative water sources are calculated by the model developed through this study. Several physical and stochastic models on hydraulic and hydrological approaches are nominated to investigate physical characteristics of catchments.

abstract: Urban water systems face sustainability challenges ranging from water quality, leaks, over-use, energy consumption, and long-term supply concerns. Resiliency challenges include the capacity to respond to drought, managing pipe deterioration, responding to natural disasters, and preventing terrorism. One strategy to enhance sustainability and resiliency is the development and adoption of smart water grids. A smart water grid incorporates networked monitoring and control devices into its structure, which provides diverse, real-time information about the system, as well as enhanced control. Data provide input for modeling and analysis, which informs control decisions, allowing for improvement in sustainability and resiliency. While smart water grids hold much potential, there are also potential tradeoffs and adoption challenges. More publicly available cost-benefit analyses are needed, as well as system-level research and application, rather than the current focus on individual technologies. This thesis seeks to fill one of these gaps by analyzing the cost and environmental benefits of smart irrigation controllers. Smart irrigation controllers can save water by adapting watering schedules to climate and soil conditions. The potential benefit of smart irrigation controllers is particularly high in southwestern U.S. states, where the arid climate makes water scarcer and increases watering needs of landscapes. To inform the technology development process, a design for environment (DfE) method was developed, which overlays economic and environmental performance parameters under different operating conditions. This method is applied to characterize design goals for controller price and water savings that smart irrigation controllers must meet to yield life cycle carbon dioxide reductions and economic savings in southwestern U.S. states, accounting for regional variability in electricity and water prices and carbon overhead. Results from applying the model to smart irrigation controllers in the Southwest suggest that some areas are significantly easier to design for. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S. Civil and Environmental Engineering 2012