<p>In 1989 Jun Kigami made an analytic construction of a Laplacian on the Sierpiński gasket, a construction that he extended to post critically finite fractals. Since then, this field has evolved into a proper theory of analysis on fractals. The new results obtained in this thesis are all in the setting of Kigami's theory. They are presented in three papers.</p><p>Strichartz recently showed that there are first order linear differential equations, based on the Laplacian, that are not solvable on the Sierpiński gasket. In the first paper we give a characterization on the polynomial p so that the differential equation p(Δ)u=f is solvable on any open subset of the Sierpiński gasket for any f continuous on that subset. For general p we find the open subsets on which p(Δ)u=f is solvable for any continuous f.</p><p>In the second paper we describe the infinitesimal geometric behavior of a large class of smooth functions on the Sierpiński gasket in terms of the limit distribution of their local eccentricity, a generalized direction of gradient. The distribution of eccentricities is codified as an infinite dimensional perturbation problem for a suitable iterated function system, which has the limit distribution as an invariant measure. We extend results for harmonic functions found by Öberg, Strichartz and Yingst to larger classes of functions.</p><p>In the third paper we define and study intrinsic first order derivatives on post critically finite fractals and prove differentiability almost everywhere for certain classes of fractals and functions. We apply our results to extend the geography is destiny principle, and also obtain results on the pointwise behavior of local eccentricities. Our main tool is the Furstenberg-Kesten theory of products of random matrices.</p>

In 1989 Jun Kigami made an analytic construction of a Laplacian on the Sierpiński gasket, a construction that he extended to post critically finite fractals. Since then, this field has evolved into a proper theory of analysis on fractals. The new results obtained in this thesis are all in the setting of Kigami's theory. They are presented in three papers. Strichartz recently showed that there are first order linear differential equations, based on the Laplacian, that are not solvable on the Sierpiński gasket. In the first paper we give a characterization on the polynomial p so that the differential equation p(Δ)u=f is solvable on any open subset of the Sierpiński gasket for any f continuous on that subset. For general p we find the open subsets on which p(Δ)u=f is solvable for any continuous f. In the second paper we describe the infinitesimal geometric behavior of a large class of smooth functions on the Sierpiński gasket in terms of the limit distribution of their local eccentricity, a generalized direction of gradient. The distribution of eccentricities is codified as an infinite dimensional perturbation problem for a suitable iterated function system, which has the limit distribution as an invariant measure. We extend results for harmonic functions found by Öberg, Strichartz and Yingst to larger classes of functions. In the third paper we define and study intrinsic first order derivatives on post critically finite fractals and prove differentiability almost everywhere for certain classes of fractals and functions. We apply our results to extend the geography is destiny principle, and also obtain results on the pointwise behavior of local eccentricities. Our main tool is the Furstenberg-Kesten theory of products of random matrices.

Title: Application of Calculus of Variations Author: Anton'ın Bohata Department: Department of Mathematics Education Supervisor: doc. RNDr. Jana Star'a, CSc., Department of Mathematical Analysis Abstract: The thesis deals with the calculus of variation and its applica- tions. We recall the basic concepts from functional analysis that are needed to formulation of variational problems. Further, the simplest variational prob- lem is discussed. In particular, we present well-known Euler's equation which is a necessary condition of a local extremum of the given functional. The re- sults are then applied to solve various examples from geometry, physics, and economy. Some of these examples can be used to teach at secondary school. Keywords: Euler's equation, functionals, local extrema, calculus of variation