Thesis supervisor: Steven W. Anderson. Includes bibliographic references (p. 143-150).

Thesis (M.A.)--Miami University, Dept. of English, 2005. / Title from first page of PDF document. Document formatted into pages; contains [1], ii, 31 p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 31).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1963. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1983. / Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 55-61).

Thesis (M.S.)--Wisconsin. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 49-50).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1971. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis--University of Wisconsin--Madison. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 185-199).

A preliminary analysis of the concepts of attitude and value is made together with an examination of these concepts in relation to general phenomena of perception. The concept of organizational climate as some form of aggregate of social perceptions is then considered and hypotheses are derived specifying relationships between values and perceptions with in an organizational context. The major hypotheses can be summarized as postulating relationships between values and a) perceptions of social and leadership behaviour, b) organizational role, c) the operationalized concepts of authenticity, inner-direction and other-direction, and d) biographical variables. In addition a number of a prioi explorative propositions were stated and the relationship between organizational climate and the concepts of value congruence and consonance were examined and tested. The instruments used for measuring values and perceptions were respectively modifications of the scales developed by William A. Scott and the Organizational Climate Description Questionnaire developed by Andrew W. Halpin and Don B. Croft. In addition a general questionnaire was used for the purpose of collecting biographical data. The research was conducted in the early part of 1968 and involved a randomly selected sample of 40 public elementary schools from seven school districts in the Vancouver metropolitan area. Respondents numbered 68 school administrators and 523 teachers. Findings of the empirical study showed significant relationships between values and perceptions at both the individual and the school level of analysis. Significant value differences were observed between administrators and teachers (e.g. the former valuing creativity and independence less than the latter) which cannot be accounted for simply in terms of biographical variance. This leads to the tentative conclusion that organizational role is a substantial determinant of individual value orientation and the consequences are discussed. The findings also lead to certain doubts being cast upon facets of previous research viz., the importance of the notions of value congruence and consonance as developed by Dante Lupini and the conceptual and methodological validity of the organizational climate concept as developed by Andrew W. Halpin. In sum it can be stated that significant relationships' were found between specified values and the dimensions of organizational climate (e.g. directly between intellectualism and intimacy and inversely between independence and esprit) and some evidence was derived to infer a relationship between value orientation and organizational role. A concluding section examines the implications of the findings and proffers a tentative outline or schema for the investigation and development of a theory of organizational value. / Education, Faculty of / Graduate

The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the structural bases of pleasantness and consistency ratings and to determine the relationship between the two types of judgement in children ranging in age from 5-12 years. A secondary purpose of the study was to determine whether the results of studies by Atwood (1969) and by Storm and Knox (1969) using a prediction procedure to investigate the developmental course of cognitive balance would generalize to a different dependent measure. Subjects in the study were 80 children, 20 (10 males and 10 females) from each of the following age groups: 5-6, 7-8, 9-10, and 11-12 years. They rated hypothetical social situations both for pleasantness and for consistency. The situations were of the P-O-X type, consisting of the subject, another person, and an unspecified, but important "thing." On the assumption that affect influences the social perceptions of younger children more than considerations of consistency it was predicted that in their ratings of social situations younger children would differentiate little between pleasantness and consistency (i.e., situations rated as pleasant would also be rated as consistent). Relative to the youngest children, older children were expected to differentiate more between pleasantness and consistency. Thus, it was predicted that as a function of increasing age, correlations between pleasantness and consistency ratings would monotonically decrease across the successive age groups in the study. Further, it was predicted that children at all age levels would attach greater weight to agreement than to balance when making pleasantness ratings and that younger children would also base consistency ratings more on agreement than on balance. However, balance was expected to exert greater influence than agreement on the consistency ratings of older children. This follows from Zajone's (1968) review and its extension which suggest that agreement is more important than balance when the dependent measure relates to affect whereas balance exerts greatest influence when the task relates to psychological consistency. The results failed to yield evidence of age differences in differentiation between pleasantness and consistency. Correlations between the two types of ratings were high in all groups. These were also no age differences in the relative weighting of balance and agreement. Children in all groups utilized balance to a slightly greater extent than agreement when pleasantness was the criterion; agreement was used to a slightly greater extent than balance when the children rated for consistency. The effects of balance and agreement were very small, however, in comparison to those of attraction. Children in all age groups appeared to base both pleasantness and consistency ratings primarily on attraction (i.e., on the sign of the P/0 bond). A cross-validation study conducted concurrently with the principal study by an independent and “naive" E yielded the same pattern of results. Differences in results obtained with children in the rating situation vs the prediction situation were tentatively attributed to differential task complexity. It was suggested that differences between adults (cf., Zajonc, 1968) and children in the rating situation may be due to differences in information processing abilities and/or to differences in the strength of the balance "schema.” That is, the "schema" or implicit code for balance may be more firmly established in adults than in children. This could perhaps account for the fact that although adults utilize balance to a greater extent than agreement or attraction in the prediction situation and when rating for consistency, strong balance effects among children are obtained only in the easier prediction situation. The balance "schema" in children, in other words, may not be of sufficient strength to withstand the competition of alternative biases such as attraction, agreement, and positivity when the more complex rating task is used. / Arts, Faculty of / Psychology, Department of / Graduate

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