Current measures of Third World development focus on limited aspects of the development process. The Gross Domestic Product (GDP), a measure of production output, has been used to categorize levels of development and human welfare. The Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite measure of three or four indicators. Both measures have been criticized, the GDP, as being too unidimensional, and the HDI as being atheoretical and overly simplistic. The problem is that neither measure gives an indication of the extensive processes which Third World nations must undergo to achieve desired developmental outcomes. / The central aim of this research is to derive a conceptual framework that leads to a set of indicators which maps the process of development for the Commonwealth Caribbean nation of Barbados. I also examine how well that framework and related indicators correspond to major social scientific theoretical frameworks and indicators of development; and I assess the extent to which the process indicators I identify are related to the HDI. / Using indicators suggested by three major social scientific frameworks, and temporally moving correlation and covariance analysis applied to time-series data, I assess the process of development between 1960 and 1990. / I find several variables, representing parts of each of the frameworks, trace correlates of development. I also find the highest internal validity among indicators from the human welfare framework and lowest level of internal validity for indicators from the modernization framework. / I conclude that both input and output indicators are key to the development process. In addition, I show that while the HDI is a limited set of output measures that mark a particular stage of development, there is a wider set of key indicators which maps the development process and consists of both input and output indicators. This synthetic framework and its related indicators are advanced as a model for comprehending the process of development in Barbados, and as a potential model for understanding the developmental process in other countries. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 56-12, Section: A, page: 4973. / Major Professor: Charles B. Nam. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Florida State University, 1995.

The first part of this study investigates the history of the Fuke sect and the development of the shakuhachi from its origins to the abolition and revival of the sect; the remaining chapters deal with the Tozan-ryu. Translations of all the different extant versions of the Keicho No Okitegaki, a statute which regulated the special privileges accorded to the komuso (mendicant priests) by the Tokugawa authorities, are given and discussed. To the author's knowledge, these documents have not yet been translated into English. / Pertinent data have been collected that sustain the hypothesis that Tozan-ryu is the result of a transformation of style due to new artistic and economic changes as well as cultural shifts that developed in Japan shortly after World War II. The dissertation also presents a comparative study of the Fuke tradition and the Tozan-ryu. / Although the Tozan-ryu developed out of a strong socio-religious heritage, it was also based on a new concept prevailing in early twentieth-century Japan. The combination of an artistic process of secularism, a Western educational influence and a new economic stimulus were the three major factors of this transformation. / The treatment of miyako-bushi (the in (dark) mode), the basic scale of Japanese secular music, is examined in the context of Nakao Tozan's early works. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 51-11, Section: A, page: 3556. / Major Professor: Dale A. Olsen. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Florida State University, 1990.

This study examined whether students' actual opinions of traditional and modern roles for males and females in the school system was consistent with the policy of sex equity of the Ministry of Education in Iraq. / More specifically, the study sought to determine the extent to which sex, age, family income, father's education, and mother's education affected students' attitudes toward male and female roles in the family, education, and occupations. / The sample size was 720 subjects. A questionnaire was used to measure students' sex-role flexibility in relation to sex-role stereotype about occupations, home jobs, school jobs, work and family, education, and friends. / The data were analyzed by analysis of variance in addition to descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, and frequency distribution. / The study results indicated the following: (1) Sex and age had significant effect on all the variables. (2) Socioeconomic status of the family had no significant effect on students' attitudes toward occupation, home jobs, school jobs, and work and family, but it had a significant effect on students' attitudes toward education and friends. (3) Fathers' educational levels had no significant effect on students' attitudes toward occupation, home jobs, and school jobs, but it had a significant effect on work and family, education, and friends. (4) Mothers' educational levels had no significant effect on students' attitude toward occupations and home jobs, but they had a significant effect on work and family role, education and friends. / The findings of this study support part of the previous research on sex-role stereotype in three domains--education, family role, and occupations--in both Arab and non-Arab countries. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 51-12, Section: A, page: 4082. / Major Professor: Byron G. Massialas. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Florida State University, 1990.

What makes an innovator famous? This is the principal question of this dissertation. I examine three potential drivers of the innovators’ fame – their social structure, creativity and identity. My empirical context is the early 20th century abstract artists in 1910-25. The period represents a paradigmatic shift in the history of modern art, the emergence of the abstract art movement. In chapter 2, I operationalize social structure by an innovator’s local peer network. I find that an innovator with structurally and compositionally diverse local network is likely to be more famous than the one with a homogenous local network. I find no statistical evidence for creativity as a link between social structure and fame. Instead, the evidence suggests that an innovator’s creative identity and access to promotional opportunities are the key drivers of her fame. In Chapter 3, I find that the creativity identity resulting from an innovator’s creative trajectory can lead to obscurity despite early fame and acclaim. The drastic change in the nature of a producer’s output can dilute her identity and cost her her niche. In combination with her peer network characteristics, these dynamics can mean obscurity even for talented and prolific innovators. In chapter 4, I undertake a large-scale analysis of the relationship between creativity and fame. Using a novel computational measure for the novelty of the artists’ works, I explore how their creativity and fame evolve over 1905-2000 in five markets. I find no statistical evidence for a positive relationship between creativity and fame; in fact, the statistical evidence is in favor of a negative relationship between creativity and fame through several time periods. The results suggest that creativity (measured by expert or machines) is not a driver of fame. In effect, it further supports the conclusions of chapter 2 and 3.

<p> Classism is a recently studied, but historically existent form of oppression. Classism may involve students feeling that they cannot pursue a degree or career due to discrimination related to their social class status. This study explored the relationship between classism, gender, age, race, socioeconomic status, and career agency through survey design research. Career agency is the primary dependent variable in this study. Career agency includes career choice, career forethought, and career related actions related. Psychometrically established instruments including The Experiences With Perceived Classism Scale&ndash;Short Form and The Career Futures Inventory&ndash;Revised were used to assess classism and career agency. Using this design, data were collected from undergraduate university students of various genders, races, socioeconomic statuses, ages, career anticipations, and potential experiences of classism at a large Midwestern university in the United States. Student data were collected to explore any potential associations between any self-report of perceived classism and students&rsquo; reported career agency. Student responses were then analyzed through correlations, an independent samples t-test, and a multiple linear regression analysis. </p><p>

acase@tulane.edu

In this dissertation I explore how North Korea's anti-American state power has operated in individuals' everyday practices by focusing on its militant nationalism. The Western image of "Stalinist" North Korea has been of an autocratic, all-powerful totalitarian state inexorably imposing its harsh will upon its subjects. However, existing studies have neglected an aspect of North Korea's nationalist power that has been neither necessarily top-down nor violent, but rather productive and diffusive in people's everyday lives. While the regime's anti-American mobilization has come from above, people's politics of hatred, patriotism, and emotion have been reproduced from below. Along this line, I examine how the state's militant nationalism was legitimated by people's solid micro-fascism from the 1950s through the 1980s, and how it has been contested and recreated through both change and persistence in people's micro-fascism from the 1990s through the present.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Washington State University, May 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 139-149).

Commentary on skilled trades occupations in Canada has been framed by two main paradigms: The dominant policy discourse has applied human capital theory to the dynamics of the skilled labour supply, often concentrating on intractable “problems” such as low apprenticeship participation and completion rates and an extreme gender imbalance in the trades. Sociological research has portrayed trades occupations as positions of structurally reproduced social disadvantage. This study adopts an alternate, neo-Weberian framework centred on the theory of economic social action. Social structure is treated in strictly nominalistic terms, and social action is rooted in the interest-oriented behaviour of socially embedded individuals. The study, undertaken in a large public-sector shipyard, involved both a pen-and-paper survey (N=509) of skilled trades workers and ten focus group interviews with 49 respondents from labour and management. The research questions addressed indicators of structural (dis)advantage and reproduction, as well as the specific mechanisms of social action operating within the study environment. The population shows a very distinct profile in terms of gender, ethnicity, and educational investment. Data on earnings, job security, and working conditions dispel any suspicion of economic disadvantage. Although a high proportion of incumbents have family connections to the skilled trades, an analysis of their siblings’ occupations refutes the supposition of structural determinism through the family. Instead, it is argued that both the social profile of the workforce and the high density of family and network connections reflect the use of “bridging” and “bonding” social capital strategies by study population members. The operative mechanisms include formal elements of the organization’s hiring practices, as well as institutionalized group norms and workplace culture. Through a “separatist” discourse that invokes notions of both “trade stigma” and “trade pride,” incumbents ascribe a particular set of cognitive and moral attributes to trades workers, which also contribute to defining the formal and informal membership requirements for their occupations. By approaching occupations as sites of economic social action, this research concludes that some of the intractable “problems” in Canada’s apprenticeable trades reflect individual behaviours that are enabled and incited by institutional features integral to the present skilled trades system.

A social network approach was used to investigate the structural features of various emergent leadership systems in a large financial organization (n = 137), including transactional and transformational-style leadership relations. Results indicate that macro-level patterns of leadership nominations may be explained by a small number of underlying structural features, some of which vary across types of leadership networks. Leadership nominations were shown to be less hierarchical, more reciprocal, and more triadic than traditionally thought. On top of effects associated with individual differences in sex, supervisor status, tenure, and physical location, leadership networks displayed tendencies towards reciprocity and loose core-periphery structures based on transitive hierarchies. There was also some evidence that transformational leadership networks tended to be slightly less centralized and more transitive than transactional leadership networks. Implications for bridging leadership theory across levels of analysis are discussed.