No / This study investigated stable-isotope ratio evidence of weaning for the late Anglo-Saxon population of Raunds Furnells, Northamptonshire, UK. δ15N and δ13C values in rib collagen were obtained for individuals of different ages to assess the weaning age of infants within the population. A peak in δ15N values at about 2-year-old, followed by a decline in δ15N values until age three, indicates a change in diet at that age. This change in nitrogen isotope ratios corresponds with the mortality profile from the site, as well as with archaeological and documentary evidence on attitudes towards juveniles in the Anglo-Saxon period. The pattern of δ13C values was less clear. Comparison of the predicted age of weaning to published data from sites dating from the Iron Age to the 19th century in Britain reveals a pattern of changing weaning practices over time, with increasingly earlier commencement and shorter periods of complementary feeding in more recent periods. Such a change has implications for the interpretation of socioeconomic changes during this period of British history, since earlier weaning is associated with decreased birth spacing, and could thus have contributed to population growth.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:14:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 3326.pdf: 1797738 bytes, checksum: b6f980bbbcadf5f8e31d26a5a63bc4ec (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-16 / Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais / In view of the process of administrative decentralization promoted by the federal government, especially after the 1988 Constitution, the local level becomes crucial regarding the implementation of public policies and the promotion of economic development. Thus increases the importance of local political elites who will be responsible for more significant policy decisions with immediate impact on the citizen s lives. This research analyzes the process of recruitment of political elites in Caraguatatuba County during the period corresponding to the years 1970 to 2000. We attempt to correlate changes in the social composition of the elite to the social and economic transformations occurring in the city during this period as well as the institutional transformations occurred in the country. We emphasize the processes of political integration of social agents concerning to the mechanisms leading to conversion of social resources into political capital for the establishment of elites at the local level. / Considerando o processo de descentralização administrativa promovida pelo governo federal, sobretudo após a Constituição de 1988, o nível local passa a ser fundamental quanto à implementação de políticas públicas e à promoção do desenvolvimento econômico. Com isso aumenta a importância das elites políticas locais, que serão as responsáveis pelas decisões políticas mais significativas e de impacto imediato na vida dos cidadãos. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo a análise do processo de recrutamento das elites políticas no município de Caraguatatuba, no período correspondente aos anos de 1970 à 2000. Procura-se relacionar as mudanças ocorridas na composição social da elite com as transformações sociais e econômicas ocorridas no município no período enfocado, além das transformações institucionais ocorridas no país. Atentamos para os processos de inserção política de agentes sociais no que se refere aos mecanismos de reconversão de recursos sociais em capital político, para a constituição de elites em âmbito local.

Mortality development in Central Asian countries in 1986-2006 Abstract Before the collapse of the Soviet Union, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan were more or less comparable in terms of their socioeconomic development. Despite some differences in overall mortality levels, the five former Soviet republics were also very close to each other in terms of directions of mortality trends by age, and cause-specific mortality patterns. After 1991, all the five countries experienced substantial political and social transformations, and the challenges associated with the transition from a socialist to a market economy system. The sudden changes brought numerous problems, such as rapid growth in unemployment, falling standards of living, and growing social and income inequalities. These factors contributed to the significant deterioration of the health situation in all the countries, but the size and the nature of the mortality crisis was different. This work examines patterns of mortality across the Central Asian countries using data from the middle of 1980s until 2006 years. Based on these analyses we conclude that the emergence of high mortality during the 1990s has been accompanied by increase in circulatory and external causes of death.