My Diploma work is called ``Reasons for Children´s Placement in Institutional and Correctional Facilities``. The aim of the work was to find out and analyse why children were transferred into the facilities of institutional and correctional education and to map all legal measures which could procede. The theoretical part deals with socio-pathological phenomena in families, legal framework of placing children in special-care facilities, children´s social and legal security, different school institutions and their inmates´ rights and duties as well as psychological impact of institutional care on children´s development. In the practical part a method of quantitative sociological research, a secondary data analysis, has been used. The research database consisted of all children who were placed in any special-care facility as a result of court-ordered institutional and correctional education, preliminary measures or parent agreed-to placement in an diagnostic institute. Three hypotheses based on the professional literature findings were defined. 1. The main reason why children are placed in institutional facilities is a dysfunctional family where the children´s education is threatened by some sociopathological phenomena. 2. Children are mostly placed in the institutional facilities aged 12 {--} 15. 3. The fact schools do not solve the behavioural problems in children in the long term affects negatively more than one quarter of institutionalised children. The first hypothesis was not confirmed while the other two were.