Proefschrift--Rijksuniversiteit. / "Stellingen" (1 leaf) inserted. Bibliography: p. [154]-159.

Proefschrift--Rijksuniversiteit. / "Stellingen" (1 leaf) inserted. Bibliography: p. [154]-159.

This thesis is an anthropological inquiry into the emergence of urban soils as matters of concern in the worlds of soil scientists and other fields more traditionally involved with cities. Through the lens of soil-making practices, it seeks to elucidate the specificity of urban pedogenesis, including the growth of soils and the lives of the humans associated with them. City soils have typically been neglected in modern thinking about nature and urbanism. They have long been framed solely as a technical question for engineers which seemed to require no further pondering until – in the last two decades – they entered the scope of the soil sciences. This thesis draws on over thirteen months of multi-locale fieldwork conducted in Paris and Lorraine with soil scientists, gardeners and foundation builders. The research does not define a priori what should count as 'urban', 'agricultural' or 'natural' soils. Building on scholarship in anthropology, the soil sciences, science studies, and speculative philosophy, it follows how these actors learn to be affected in the material performance of different relations between people and soils. The chapters are built in counterpoint to one another, occasionally turning to narrative to complement analysis and more traditional ethnography. Each chapter pulls a different diffractive string from the mesh of urban soil matters, and follows where it leads. As ways of knowing that emerge from soil construction are described, the question of what making soils does to knowing them becomes a central thread of the thesis. In this, it looks at how soils participate in apparatuses where they become 'lures for feelings' – affective interweavings in which worlds are experienced.

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Typescript. / Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1977. / Bibliography: leaves 332-339. / xxiii, 339 leaves ill., maps

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1940. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 68-73).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1954. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 101-107).

Thesis (M.S.)--Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1994. / Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 91-98). Also available via the Internet.

Chemical input-output analyses were used to evaluate the rate of rock weathering and soil development on a granitic inselberg of the Dragoon Mountains in southeastern Arizona. Soil genesis relationships were investigated through field and laboratory study of the soil profile, parent rock, microclimate and vegetation, on different catena positions and hillside aspects. Precipitation and runoff water qualities were determined, with increased summer acidity. Precipitation volume was estimated by extrapolating data from a nearby recording station. Runoff volume was estimated by the U.S.D.A.-S.C.S. Curve Number Method (1972). These data enabled the quantitative determination of cationic solution loss. The indicated decreasing order of cation mobility is calcium, sodium, potassium and magnesium. Cations of higher mobility are relatively depleted in the hillcrest soils, while transported to the footslope or beyond. Calcium, and to a lesser extent sodium, have experienced more extensive off-site removal. Differences resulting from the transformation of parent material to soil were analyzed by field morphology, X-ray analysis, laser light-scattering particle size analysis, and chemical analyses. The study site was surveyed, mapped and the spatial arrangement of soil taxa and their compositional variation were studied. Nearly all pedons on the crest or transport slope are Lithic Ustic Torriorthents; whereas footslope soils show greater development, as exemplified by the occurrence of various Haplargids, Haplustolls and Argiustolls. Weathering rates were calculated using a methodology similar to that of F. W. Barth (1961). Potassium and magnesium provided the most reasonable data of 350 and 430 Kg ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹, respectively. (equivalent to 13.5 and 16.5 mm of rock weathered per 1000 years). Two serrated projectile points were found inbedded on the clayey soil surface of an adjacent ancient pond site. These artifacts resemble another projectile point found in southeastern Arizona which has been radiocarbon dated ~7,000 yr B.P. A minimum age for the pond and immediate surrounding topography is suggested to correspond with the end of the western subhumid pluvial period. The assessment of the geochemical budget provided a valuable framework for quantification of the various processes which interactively determine the rates of weathering and soil formation.