Student Number : 9703077F - MSc research report - School of Oral Health Sciences - Faculty of Health Sciences / Guidelines for endodontic procedures and practice have been described, but in South Africa there is no information on the adherence of practitioners to such guidelines. The aim of this study was to provide this information by administering a questionnaire to 1367 members of the South African Dental Association. Although the response rate was poor, 111 replies could be used. The majority of these respondents had more than 5 years experience. Half used a rubber dam, which is favourable relative to the global practice of endodontics. The majority use engine-driven instruments for canal preparation and all the respondents use radiographs. Lateral condensation and gutta percha were the preferred choices for canal obturation. Single-visit treatment was performed with varying frequency. The conclusion of this study is that South African dentists do adhere to most international and current standards. However, there is a need to develop quality assurance guidelines for endodontic treatment for South Africa, and which can also be applicable for developing countries.