Southern Blight (SB), caused by the fungus Athelia rolfsii, has increasingly impacted Mississippi soybean production with estimated economic losses in recent years rising from $181,616 in 2016 to $9,508,412 in 2021. Currently, there are no recommended fungicides and no known commercially available cultivar resistance. Eleven cultivars were evaluated for their response to the presence of Athelia rolfsii in the 2021 field trial. An in vitro fungicide assay was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of five fungicides to determine the respective EC50. These fungicides were then evaluated in combination with three cultivars, one mild, one moderate, and one severe in the 2022 field trial and in the growth chamber trial. A rapid and quantitative method was developed to evaluate the response of these commercially available soybean cultivars in combination with fungicides to SB. Determining effective management options has the potential to decrease disease losses for Mississippi Soybean growers.

Peanuts are an important legume crop cultivated in Mississippi with an annual production of 71 million kg per hectare. Southern blight (SB), caused by Athelia rolfsii, is a devastating disease resulting in significant losses to peanut production. Cultural practices may not adequately control diseases; therefore, the application of fungicides is important. Recently, the rapid growth of weed species has emphasized herbicide usage and studied weed interaction with SB. In this study, Athelia rolfsii isolates were collected from different counties to identify their biological characteristics and determine the in vitro efficacy in both 2022 and 2023. In the field trial, seven fungicides were applied in-furrow in both 2022 and 2023. Additionally, eight herbicides were applied at pre-emergence, post-emergence, and mid-post emergence along with the application of fungicides, Revytek, and Omega 500. The introduction of appropriate management practices has led to significant SB losses and an increased pod yield.

We evaluated the genetic diversity of Penstemon's Centromeric Histone 3 (CENH3), which localizes to chromosome centromeres in eukaryotes. From RNA extractions of 56 species, we successfully amplified two CENH3s (termed CENH3a and CENH3b), which share approximately 69% sequence homology across the length of the gene and about 85% across the histone fold domain (HFD). CENH3a is generally 72 bp longer than CENH3b and contains seven exons while CENH3b is made of five. Unlike studies of CENH3 in other plants, Penstemon's CENH3 N-tail was found to be highly conserved, indicative that the genus has undergone a short evolutionary history. Surprisingly, of the 99 CENH3 sequences obtained during this study, 32 appeared to be mis-spliced and contained premature stop codons. Of those aberrant transcripts, 84.4% originated from CENH3b genomic DNA. Most mis-spliced transcripts resulted from the retention of all or part of an intron. In some cases, all or portions of an exon were missing, including one that was missing the L1 motif. Second, we systematically cataloged interspecific breeding data in Penstemon, on which we then conducted a network analysis. The resulting network provides breeders with a better visualization of successful parental combinations and also identifies gaps in interspecific breeding. This method allowed for the identification of species with a high degree of interspecific compatibility, which we compared to the CENH3 sequencing data. Finally, we studied the performance of soil streaming in high tunnel production of tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Our experiments revealed that soil steaming and mulch reduced weed coverage of Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson), large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis L.), and yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus L.). Steam and mulch increased the tomato plant size, fruit size, fruit number, and fruit yield. Additionally, soil steaming reduced tomato southern blight, caused by Sclerotium rolfsii, by 5.8-fold. These findings provide promising results for high tunnel tomato producers, particularly those involved in organic production where pesticide and fumigation use is limited.