Thesis (M. Sc.)--University of Alberta, 2009. / Title from pdf file main screen (viewed on Aug. 14, 2009). "A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Communications, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta." Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Carleton University, 2001. / Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005. / Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xviii, 139 p.; also includes graphics (some col.). Includes bibliographical references (p. 130-139). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center

Orientador: Celso de Almeida / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T08:17:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Panaro_JoseSantoGuiscafre_D.pdf: 1026204 bytes, checksum: 40282f66b4b6eda29d96f913e55549ee (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: O presente trabalho investiga códigos adequados para esquemas CDMA em redes de comunicação por meios ópticos como, por exemplo, fibras ópticas e redes sem fio por infravermelho. O trabalho desenvolve uma base teórica do comportamento de sistemas CDMA em canais unipolares submetidos à interferência estritamente positiva e sinalização binária, e antecipa as suas implicações. Além disso, verifica-se o desempenho de códigos unipolares apropriados para comunicação óptica propostos anteriormente, comparando-os com uma nova classe de códigos ópticos com salto temporal (OTH). Finalmente, para sistemas ópticos de múltiplo acesso por divisão de código (O-CDMA) com códigos de espalhamento ortogonais no tempo e no comprimento de onda, efetua-se uma análise de desempenho para sistemas tanto com sinalização do tipo OOK (on-off keying) quanto OOO (on-off orthogonal keying) / Abstract: This work concerns optical fiber and infrared networks using code-division multiple access techniques. A theoretical basis for the behavior of the unipolar CDMA systems under strictly positive interference and binary signaling is developed, and their consequences are predicted. In addition, the performance of unipolar codes, appropriate for optical communications is verified and compared with a new class of optical timehopping codes (OTH) proposed in this work. Finally, a performance evaluation analysis is done for O-CDMA systems using time and wavelength spreading codes, considering OOK (on-off keying) and OOO (on-off orthogonal keying) / Doutorado / Telecomunicações e Telemática / Doutor em Engenharia Elétrica

This thesis investigates techniques for stealth hydroacoustic communication using spread spectrum. The Swedish naval defense organisations have a vision that all their units should be able to communicate with each other, even between underwater vehicles. But the properties of water makes it a complex channel to use for wireless communications. Radiomagnetic waves have very limited range in water, therefore acoustic waves are used. In this report the basics of wireless communication systems are described including source coding, channel coding, modulation techniques as well as different techniques for spread spectrum. The fundamental principle for all spread spectrum systems is to use more bandwidth than necessary to spread the signal energy in the frequency spectrum. This limits the data rate but results in a robust communication link which is difficult to detect, intercept and to jam. In addition to the theoretical background, this thesis also gives a brief description of a Matlab system and a VHDL-system that was developed during the project. Finally the results of this project are presented and some suggestions of further developments are given.

Abstract An inevitable trend in wireless communications is the requirement for higher and higher data rates. At the same time, location awareness requires high accuracy for positioning ability. One option fulfilling both of these challenges is the use of an ultra wideband (UWB) physical layer technology due to its extremely large inherent bandwidth. From the two possible solutions to generate UWB signals, this thesis is focused on the singleband approach. This technique is closer to the original idea of impulse radio transmission than the other recently proposed multiband UWB approach. This thesis focuses on UWB coexistence with several selected radio systems; global positioning and cellular systems, and wireless local area networks. The topic was studied analytically and with experimental tests. The analytical part is divided into simulations and theoretical calculations. In the study, two different physical layer concepts, several modulation schemes and pulse waveforms have been used to find the best system performance under interference. From time hopping and direct sequence based approaches (TH and DS, respectively), the latter with binary pulse amplitude modulation was seen to outperform the former one in an interfered multipath channel if compared with bit error rate performance. Therefore, the theoretical calculations are addressed to the DS-UWB approach. The formulation defined makes it possible to rather easily calculate the upper bound for DS-UWB system performance in an AWGN channel and the results can be used to calculate reference bounds, for example, in receiver algorithm studies. The experimental part of the work focused on link level coexistence measurements between UWB and either IEEE802.11b or 3G networks. UWB can cause harmful performance degradation on the victim system if there are unrealistic numbers of active interferers in close vicinity of the victim receiver. However, increasing the separation between the UWB interferer and victim to 40 cm, or 70 cm, in the case of WLAN and 3G, respectively, the impact is insignificant. It was also shown that the activity factor of the UWB transmitter has a great impact on the victim system's performance degradation. UWB activity factors of less than about 5% can be tolerated by the studied victim systems.

Abstract The present dissertation deals with initial synchronization in Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) networks. In the first part of this thesis an extensive and up-to-date review of the literature is presented. The basic theory of code acquisition as well as different techniques and structures used to achieve the initial synchronization are discussed. A survey of the most common theoretical approaches allowing performance characterization of the acquisition process is included. The effect of noise, interference, carrier Doppler, multipath propagation, fading and data modulation on system performance are reviewed. Advanced code acquisition approaches exploiting interference suppression techniques and multiple antennas are also described. A summary of the results obtained within the area of code acquisition in CDMA networks is also embraced by this thesis. The distinctive assumption is to consider the actual variable effect of multiple access interference on the delay-domain search process, instead of the usual constant approximation. Three directions of research are followed. Models for code acquisition in quasi-synchronous and asynchronous CDMA networks are first developed and analysed. Closed-form expressions for the main performance figures of the acquisition process are derived and analysed. Results show a strong dependence of the mean acquisition time with the nature of the multiple access interference. In the second area of research the previous results are extended to consider code acquisition with a multi-branch (Rake) receiver in a multipath channel. A generic model for Rake receiver code acquisition is considered and developed, in which the synchronization takes place in two phases. The first detected path is allocated to the first finger during the initial synchronization phase, whereas the remaining fingers are successively allocated to other available paths in the postinitial synchronization phase. Performance measures for this acquisition process are also derived and analysed. Finally, based on the use of an antenna array and beamforming techniques, conventional delay-domain code acquisition is extended to the angular domain, resulting in a two-dimensional (delay-angle) search. This technique is found to be feasible, outperforming the synchronization approach exploiting a single-antenna. It is found that there exists an optimal number of antennas that minimises the mean acquisition time. Two-dimensional code acquisition is studied in a variety of scenarios, including single and multipath channels, fixed and fading channels, and with uniform and nonuniform spatial distributions of interference. Different two-dimensional search strategies are studied. A clear dependence of acquisition performance with the search strategy and the particular distribution of interference is pointed out. The performance of two-dimensional code acquisition is found to be seriously deteriorated by the presence of spatially nonuniform interference. Schemes based on search strategy and adaptive detector structures are considered and analysed to combat the performance degradation in the mentioned case. A comparative study of code acquisition exploiting multiple antennas is also presented.

In spread spectrum systems employing parity bit selected spreading sequences, parity bits generated from a linear block encoder are used to select a spreading code from a set of mutually orthogonal spreading sequences. In this thesis, turbo receivers for SS-PB systems are proposed and investigated. In the transmitter, data bits are rst convolutionally encoded before being fed into SS-PB modulator. In fact, the parity bit spreading code selection technique acts as an inner encoder in this system without allocating any transmit energy to the additional redundancy provided by this technique. The receiver implements a turbo processing by iteratively exchanging the soft information on coded bits between a SISO detector and a SISO decoder. In this system, detection is performed by incorporating the extrinsic information provided by the decoder in the last iteration into the received signal to calculate the likelihood of each detected bit in terms of LLR which is used as the input for a SISO decoder. In addition, SISO detectors are proposed for MC-CDMA and MIMO-CDMA systems that employ parity bit selected and permutation spreading. In the case of multiuser scenario, a turbo SISO multiuser detector is introduced for SS-PB systems for both synchronous and asynchronous channels. In such systems, MAI is estimated from the extrinsic information provided by the SISO channel decoder in the previous iteration. SISO multiuser detectors are also proposed for the case of multiple users in MC-CDMA and MIMO-CDMA systems when parity bit selected and permutation spreading are used. Simulations performed for all the proposed turbo receivers show a signi cant reduction in BER in AWGN and fading channels over multiple iterations.

Ingeniero Civil Eléctrico / Grandes empresas relacionadas a la innovación en telecomunicaciones a nivel mundial como IBM, CISCO y Nokia están desarrollando nuevas tecnologías y servicios para el Internet of Things (IoT), entre ellas nuevas técnicas de modulación de señales, como Chirp Spread Spectrum (CSS), que han permitido la creación de un nuevo tipo de redes de bajo consumo y grandes áreas de cobertura. El termino acuñado para estas redes es Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWAN) y ellas se caracterizan por lograr rangos de cobertura del orden de los kilómetros, pero con un consumo de energía mínimo que permite mantener los nodos de la red por años en funcionamiento de manera remota sin un cambio de batería. El desarrollo de este nuevo tipo de redes va de la mano con la aparición de las Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), redes ubicuas y redes mesh acercándonos a un futuro en donde se pueda conocer y controlar diversos aspectos de nuestro entorno de forma remota, en tiempo real y a bajo costo. La tecnología estudiada en este trabajo es LoRa la cual permite enviar información con un bajo costo energético y ser recibida a largas distancias gracias a sus altos niveles de sensibilidad (-130[dBm]). En este trabajo se explicarán en detalle los fundamentos de estas características y se mostrará el análisis gráfico de un radio-enlace de LoRa en un ambiente urbano. El estudio fue llevado a cabo en la ciudad de Santiago Chile, en la intersección de las comunas de Macul y Ñuñoa. Se integraron distintos Hardwares para crear un sistema de comunicación inalámbrico LoRa que opera en la banda ISM de 915[MHz] y permite asociar los parámetros del radio enlace con su respectiva posición georreferenciada. Fue posible obtener rangos de buena cobertura entre los 500[m] y los 700[m], y ademas se encontraron zonas de cobertura adicional a aproximadamente 1[km] de distancia entre el nodo transmisor y la estación base. Esta memoria es parcialmente financiada por Telefónica Investigación y Desarrollo Chile, con el objetivo de desarrollar pruebas reales que permitan analizar y validar los resultados teóricos ofrecidos por esta nueva tecnología y además hacerse del Know How necesario para utilizar estas tecnologías en desarrollos nacionales. / Este trabajo ha sido parcialmente financiado por Telefónica Investigación y Desarrollo Chile

abstract: State-of-the-art automotive radars use multi-chip Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) radars to sense the environment around the car. FMCW radars are prone to interference as they operate over a narrow baseband bandwidth and use similar radio frequency (RF) chirps among them. Phase Modulated Continuous Wave radars (PMCW) are robust and insensitive to interference as they transmit signals over a wider bandwidth using spread spectrum technique. As more and more cars are equipped with FMCW radars illuminate the same environment, interference would soon become a serious issue. PMCW radars can be an effective solution to interference in the noisy FMCW radar environment. PMCW radars can be implemented in silicon as System-on-a-chip (SoC), suitable for Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) implementation and is highly programmable. PMCW radars do not require highly linear high frequency chirping oscillators thus reducing the size of the final solution. This thesis aims to present a behavior model for this promising Digitally modulated radar (DMR) transceiver in Simulink/Matlab. The goal of this work is to create a model for the electronic system level framework that simulates the entire system with non-idealities. This model includes a Top Down Design methodology to understand the requirements of the individual modules’ performance and thus derive the specifications for implementing the real chip. Back annotation of the actual electrical modules’ performance to the model closes the design process loop. Using Simulink’s toolboxes, a passband and equivalent baseband model of the system is built for the transceiver with non-idealities of the components built in along with signal processing routines in Matlab. This model provides a platform for system evaluation and simulation for various system scenarios and use-cases of sensing using the environment around a moving car. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Engineering 2019