The aim of the thesis was to elucidate the occurrence of adipokinetic hormones in the spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus) by competitive ELISA and LC/MS analysis. Total lipid and carbohydrate content as well as levels of glucose, trehalose and glycogen were measured to characterize physiological changes during particular phases of the life cycle.

The efficiency of various protective measures against the Spruce bark beetle (pheromone-baited traps, trap trees, poisoned traps - tripods.) and the impact of insecticide-treated trap trees on non-target organisms were studied in weekly periods in areas in the altitude of 1000m above sea level. Tree traps proved to be of much higher effectivity with an average of 3307 caught spruce bark beetles in comparison with pheromone-baited traps with only 457 beetles within the same period. Poisoned traps ? tripods baited with pheromone (FeSex Typo, producer ? Karel Ubik, CR) were more effective than pheromone traps and the average number of caught beetles was 1226. Among non-target insects caught in these traps were 61 species included 7 orders. The most common species was Thanasimus formicarius.

The thesis deals with characterisation and changes of energetic status in the spruce bark beetle, Ips typographus, during pre-diapause, diapause and post-diapause quiescence.

The aim of this report was to investigate whether the management of protected forests cause increased risk of infestation by the European spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus) in production forests, and whether the risk of infestation in production forests is greater in the vicinity of protected forests. The survey was conducted by using GIS-data covering suspected attacks and forests that are susceptible to infestations. The proportion of infested forests in three different buffer zones located around the protected areas were compared. The results show no evidence suggesting that protected areas serve as a hatchery for spruce bark beetles and no increased risk of infestations in the vicinity of protected forests were detected.

To design a grate boiler with a natural circulation for burning of a pine bark with an output 18t/h is a primary objective of this dissertation. Individual parts of a boiler and it´s heat transfering surfaces were calculated after the working out of stoichiometric calculations from given element analysis of fuel. All computations have to fulfill several parameters: boliler output, temperature and pressure of an overheated steam.

In many natural forests, forest managers fell and debark spruces (Picea abies) colonised by theEuropean spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus) to prevent the beetle from spreading to other tree stands. The aim of this study was to examine how this method affects the biodiversity of other saproxylic beetle species. Eclector traps were installed on debarked and non-debarked dead spruces of four different ages in four nature reserves to compare the richness and composition of saproxylic beetles. The results indicated that a significantly higher number of species and individuals emerged from standing dead trees with bark compared to debarked logs. The highest emergence of species and individuals occurred in one-year-old standing trees with bark. There was a significant interaction between the type and the age of wood, suggesting thatthe richness declined with the aging of wood with bark, while it remained constantly low in debarked logs. The species composition varied greatly between standing trees with bark and debarked logs, as well as between standing trees with bark of different ages. This study demonstrated that debarking spruces as a pest control method reduces the diversity of nontarget saproxylic beetle species. Potential reasons behind that could be the hardening and drying of consumable parts of the wood, rendering it inhabitable for many saproxylic organisms, as well as the presence of the European spruce bark beetle itself, which is associated with many other species.

Shaping of students' attitudes in geographical education - the issue of Ips typographus outbreaks Abstract The diploma thesis deals with shaping the students' attitudes by utilising various texts during the geography classes. This experiment is shown on particular problem of Spruce Bark Beetle in the National Park of Šumava. There are two main streams towards this issue of Spruce Bark Beetle-one of them promotes the idea of incorporating the human intervention, while reducing the disaster, the other follows the opposite attitude towards the outbreak of the Spruce Bark Beetle, and that is not to intervene at all and to leave the destructed vegetation to regenerate. The backbone of the thesis is represented by a survey that aims at finding attitudes towards the problem mentioned above. Moreover, the survey also questions the way the attitudes change depending on critical reading of distinctive texts. Two main questions are posed in this research. The results are graphically depicted and commented upon in the thesis. The research shows the extent to which it is possible to influence the students' opinion utilising quality study texts. Key words: Spruce Bark Beetle (Ips typographus), National park Šumava, Spruce Bark Beetle outbreak, geographical education, critical thinking, active reading, shaping of attitudes

Effekten av torka på gran kan var stor. Sommaren 2018 var en av de torraste och varmaste somrarna på länge. En sådan period påverkar ofta granars vitalitet negativt och kan leda till en ökad risk för angrepp av granbarkborre. Denna studie har undersökt hur årsringsbredden på gran har förändrats till följd av torka genom att jämföra årsringsbredder före torkperioden med de efter. Mätningar genomfördes med en resistograf som genererade datafiler som sedan sammanställdes och analyserades, främst med hjälp av Excel. Vidare noterades markfuktighet, bonitet och angrepp av granbarkborre. Dessa faktorer jämfördes med varandra med syfte att finna eventuella samband. Studiens resultat visar att torkperioden 2018 haft en stor inverkan på granars vitalitet. Dessutom har samband mellan torrare bestånd och antal granar angripna av granbarkborre kunnat påvisas. Samband mellan minskad årsringsbredd och angrepp av granbarkborre har ej kunnat fastställas.

No description available.

Spruce forest is an important production ecosystem for our civilization. Its development can be affected by three main types of disturbances: forest fire, windstorms and spruce bark beetle attack. Experiences with a massive and long-term attack of spruce bark beetle in the Šumava mountains and a strong windstorm in 2004 in the spruce forest in the High Tatra provoke questions, how natural are such severe disturbances. To understand the current development of forest ecosystems, it is necessary to study past structure of these forests and frequency of forest disturbances. This work is about locality Tatranská Lomnice located in the High Tatra mountains, in the belt of mountain spruce forest. In my work, I used mainly pollen and plant macro-fossils analyses. I compared my data with disturbance information originating from dendroecology for windstorms and from charcoal analysis for fires. My research found that according to the pollen assemblages, most of the disturbances did not have strong influence on the forest composition, and most likely they only caused the forest thinning. The most significant fire occurred around 1420. The most significant wind disturbance probably occurred in 1890. The was not found any effect of spruce bark beetle. In the past millennium disturbances affected spruce forest...