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The steady growth of the export of Peruvian Giant Squid (commonly known as Pota) in absolute as well as relative values - as percentage of the also increasing Peruvian Exports- represents an opportunity to develop the still incipient Peruvian Pota Industry, a more inclusive one in comparison other consolidated export industries in Peru. The first two chapters of this document describe the dynamics of the Peruvian Pota Industry and Giant Squid Great China market. In the third chapter it is carried out a managerial analysis of this industry using SWOT analysis and Porter’s Diamond Model. The Great China Market itself is also analyzed using SWOT analysis regarding its potential as destination of the Peruvian Pota. Finally in the fourth chapter it is exposed some strategies for the Peruvian Pota companies in order to better satisfy the growing demand but at the same time better confront the challenging international competition to succeed in the Great China Market.

Cette thèse porte sur l'étude, par microscopie à µSQUID, des propriétés du réseau de vortex dans les supraconducteurs non conventionnels. La plus grande partie est dédiée au supraconducteur triplet Sr2RuO4. Dans un premier temps, le supraconducteur conventionnel<br />NbSe2 est étudié. Il sert de référence pour les supraconducteurs non conventionnels images ensuite. Un réseau de vortex hexagonal est observé à bas champ, et une rotation du réseau de<br />30° par rapport aux axes cristallographiques a lieu en augmentant le champ. Dans un second temps, nous présentons l'étude de vortex dans Sr2RuO4. On observe pour la première fois des vortex individuels à bas champ et en augmentant le champ une coalescence a lieu. En tenant compte du fait que le piégeage est faible et des expériences déjà effectuées, on explique cette coalescence par la présence des domaines de différente chiralité. Un rôle important joue aussi l'anisotropie, des chaînes de vortex sont observés pour des champs inclinés. Nous trouvons qu'à des angles d'inclinaison près de couches ab, une décoration des chaînes a lieu.<br />Ces résultats démontrent que Sr2RuO4 est un supraconducteur non conventionnel fortement anisotrope. Dans une dernière partie, nous présentons les images des domaines magnétiques dans la phase normale du supraconducteur ferromagnétique URhGe. Nous observons aussi des vortex individuels et une formation des domaines dans le supraconducteur non conventionnel UPt3. Ces domaines ressemblent à ceux de Sr2RuO4, une parallèle peut être faite entre les deux supraconducteurs triplet.

Range expansion events of the Humboldt squid reveal our inadequate understanding of populations of this species. Despite recent hatching, reproductive, tagging, genetic and dietary studies of Dosidicus gigas, much speculation remains concerning geographic migration, stock assessment and habitat preferences. This study provides evidence that statolith trace elemental variations can be useful in distinguishing among geographic populations. Specimens were collected from the Galapagos Islands, southern California, and Washington State. A dissection method was recorded and published. By using laser ablation methods, discrete measurements of 10 elements were collected at 6 to 7 ablation sites covering embryonic, paralarval, juvenile and adult stages. Analysis of Variance revealed important ontogenic elemental variations among ablation locations. Multivariate Analysis of Variance, ordination techniques and discriminant function analysis with permutation testing were all utilized to compare and characterize the variations found in elemental concentrations. Significant ontogenic variations were found for 8 out of the 10 focus elements; this is the first report for 5 of these elements for this species. The geographic populations were effectively classified as distinct group for the first time using these methods. Elemental fingerprint signatures were found to be significantly different at multiple ontogenic growth regions of the statolith. Seattle and California paralarvae exhibited similar elemental signatures despite significant differences in those found in the embryonic core and juvenile regions of the statolith. These methods are a useful tool in providing stock assessment and can be improved for use in future population dynamics models.

Order-disorder phenomena in geometrical frustrated systems are the attractive topics because of the intrinsic fluctuation. Among the geometrical frustrated systems, the material with spinel structure (AB2X4) is one of the appropriate candidates to investigate the long range ordering behavior. Corner sharing of tetrahedron and edge sharing of octahedron in the unique structural network of spinel structure are the characteristics for geometrical frustration. Hence, to study the 3d transition metal substituted in spinel system which leads to fruitful physical behavior becomes rapidly attractive. In this dissertation, long range ordering behavior in spin frustrated systems including three interesting materials LiTi2O4, NaxCoO2¡DyH2O, and CdCr2S4 were investigated. LiTi2O4 was found to show the highest superconducting transition temperature (Tc ~ 11 K) while first hydrated superconductor NaxCoO2¡DyH2O (Tc~ 4.5 K) was discovered in 2003. Superconductivity of LiTi2O4 and NaxCoO2¡DyH2O had been measured and analyzed by low temperature specific heat under magnetic field. According to the analyses of specific-heat results, isotropic (s-wave) and nodal (d-wave) gaps of superconducting pairing symmetry were proposed for LiTi2O4 and NaxCoO2¡DyH2O, respectively. Finally, LiTi2O4 was confirmed to be a typical BCS-like, fully gapped, and electron-phonon moderate-coupling type-II superconductor. Not like the case of LiTi2O4, the superconducting parameters of NaxCoO2¡DyH2O, such as Tc, HC2 and pairing symmetry, were strongly dependent on synthesized conditions. However, the evidence of nodal gap was found to be an intrinsic feature in this peculiar material NaxCoO2¡DyH2O. In the ferromagnetic insulator CdCr2S4, we first found several interesting features induced by external electric field in dielectric and magnetization measurements. Exchangestriction was proposed to be associated with the colossal change of dielectric constant value and suppression of magnetization under external electric and magnetic field in CdCr2S4. Therefore, our results supported that CdCr2S4 was a typical multiferroic material. In a conclusion, the intrinsic fluctuation of spin frustrated systems wasnecessary to pay more attention in the near future due to its fruitful physical properties and behind theoretical description.

We investigate the some of the many subtleties in taking a microscopic approach to modelling the decoherence of an Open Quantum System. We use the RF-SQUID, which will be referred to as a simply a SQUID throughout this paper, as a non-linear example and consider different levels of approximation, with varied coupling, to show the potential consequences that may arise when characterising devices such as superconducting qubits in this manner. We first consider a SQUID inductively coupled to an Ohmic bath and derive a Lindblad master equation, to first and second order in the Baker-Campbell-Hausdorff expansion of the correlation-time-dependent flux operator. We then consider a SQUID both inductively and capacitively coupled to an Ohmic bath and derive a Lindblad master equation to better understand the effect of parasitic capacitance whilst shedding more light on the additions, cancellations and renormalisations that are attributed to a microscopic approach.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T18:05:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo8040_1.pdf: 1356225 bytes, checksum: 102f2a0a220b971a269f68419cf93313 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2002 / No presente trabalho apresentaremos um estudo das propriedades magnéticas de três sistemas: manganitas, fitas amorfas e bicamadas com anisotropia unidirecional. Foi dado enfoque ao efeito da desordem magnética nesses sistemas. Todas as medidas de magnetização foram feitas em um magnetômetro SQUID desenvolvido durante o período da tese. Estudamos várias amostras de manganitas, do tipo filme e espessas. Essas amostras apresentam o efeito de magneto-resistência colossal. As propriedades de transporte foram ajustadas usando o modelo dos canais de condução. As medidas na amostra dopada com Ho apresentaram um comportamento peculiar com um mínimo na resistência em baixas temperaturas. Esse mínimo foi associado ao espalhamento eletrônico em duas dimensões. Além desse mínimo, encontramos efeitos de termoremanência, histerese e irreversibilidade na resistência. A partir das medidas magnéticas foram levantados diagramas de fase que demonstraram comportamento do tipo vidro de spin. As propriedades em baixas temperaturas foram associadas a espalhamento eletrônico por paredes de domínios e a mistura de fases magnéticas. Também foi utilizado um modelo de transporte bidimensional para explicar a existência do mínimo na resistência. O segundo sistema estudado foi a fita amorfa Co70,4Fe4,6Si10B15. Nesse tema, o estudo da magnetoimpedância-gigante foi estendido até freqüências na faixa de microondas, e mostrada sua equivalência com a ressonância ferromagnética. Por fim, foi feito um estudo das propriedades magnéticas em filmes compostos de uma camada ferromagnética e outra antiferromagnética. Estes filmes apresentam anisotropia unidirecional com o ciclo de histerese deslocado. Os resultados demonstraram efeitos de desordem magnética com propriedades tanto do tipo vidro de spin quanto de campo aleatório. Pela primeira vez esses dois tipos de comportamentos foram encontrados em um único sistema. Os resultados foram comparados com simulações utilizando formalismo de campo médio, aplicado a um modelo de bicamadas com rugosidade. Obtendo-se portanto a evidência definitiva que a rugosidade na interface é fonte de desordem magnética nesses sistemas

Aspects of the biology of the sepiolid squid Rossia pacifica Berry were studied from specimens obtained by otter trawling at Cape Lazo Gully and Saanich Inlet, British Columbia. Temperature, salinity, and sediment size at Cape Lazo Gully varied from 7.18°C to 11.00°C, 28.01 °/oo to 30.21 °/oo, and from less than l00μd to over 250μd respectively. Living specimens in the laboratory exhibited color changes from dark red-brown to opalescent grey-green. They did not mimic the color of the substrate. Comparisons of the morphometric indices of R. pacifica with other species of this genus showed differences in some indices but not in others. The arm formula is inconsistent, the most common being 3>2>4>1 and 3>2=4>1. The lower beak differs from that of R. maarosoma by having a "tooth" on its shoulder. In an aquarium Rossia spent most of its time resting on the bottom either in a horizontal position or with the anterior end elevated. The squid usually formed a depression in the sandy bottom to rest in. In some instances they threw sand onto their backs. Fish were caught with the tentacles and held with the arms while being eaten. Stomach analysis revealed that crustacea were present in 86.6% of the stomachs that contained food, while fish were present in 16.6%. Shrimp formed the largest portion of the crustacea in the diet. Bivalve molluscs, squid, and ostracods were occasionally found. Proportions of crustacea to fish in the diet were higher in smaller squid and decreased in larger animals. Seasonal variations in the diet were correlated with the biomass of shrimp in the area where the squid were collected; when a low biomass of shrimp was present the squid had a higher proportion of fish in their diet. The female R. pacifica are slightly larger than the males of the same age and grow to a larger size than do the males. The male and female reproductive systems are described. Gonad indices show that the ovaries and nidamental glands begin to mature when the females have a dorsal mantle length of approximately 24.0 mm. Spermatophores were not found in males smaller than 22 mm mantle length. The proportion of males containing spermatophores was 9% at 22 mm and increased through 17% at 24 mm, 50% at 26 mm to 90% at 28 mm. During mating the male attaches to the female from below by means of his second, third, and fourth pairs of arms. Spermatophores are transferred into the dorsal region of the female's pallial cavity by his dorsal, hectocotylized arms. The sex ratio of males to females found at Cape Lazo Gully was 1.2:1.0. Spawning occurs in the fall with the most active period occurring from August through October. This may be correlated with an increase in the water temperature, during this time. The squid have a life span of one year, at the end of which they mate, spawn, and die. / Graduate

Ocean acidification is predicted to lead to global oceanic decreases in pH of up to 0.3 units within the next 100 years. However, those levels are already being reached currently in coastal regions due to natural CO2 variability. Squid are a vital component of the pelagic ecosystem, holding a unique niche as a highly active predatory invertebrate and major prey stock for upper trophic levels. This study examined the effects of a range of ocean acidification regimes on the early life history of a coastal squid species, the Atlantic longfin squid, Doryteuthis pealeii. Eggs were raised in a flow-through ocean acidification system at CO2 levels ranging from ambient (400ppm) to 2200ppm. Time to hatching, hatching efficiency, and hatchling mantle lengths, yolk sac sizes, and statoliths were all examined to elucidate stress effects. Delays in hatching time of at least a day were seen at exposures above 1300ppm in all trials under controlled conditions. Mantle lengths were significantly reduced at exposures above 1300 ppm. Yolk sac sizes varied between CO2 treatments, but no distinct pattern emerged. Statoliths were increasingly porous and malformed as CO2 exposures increased, and were significantly reduced in surface area at exposures above 1300ppm. Doryteuthis pealeii appears to be able to withstand acidosis stress without major effects up to 1300ppm, but is strongly impacted past that threshold. Since yolk consumption did not vary among treatments, it appears that during its early life stages, D. pealeii reallocates its available energy budget away from somatic growth and system development in order to mitigate the stress of acidosis.

In recent years, the giant squid processing industry in Peru exhibited a 59% increase in exports with respect to 2018. According to estimates, this industry generates approximately 30,900 jobs per year. However, some SMEs experience low productivity, such as the PECEPE company, due to plant downtime. This represents 26% of the available time, which translates into the loss of 1760 tons every year. The most constraining external factor the sector faces is uncertainty in resource availability caused by changing weather conditions and informal fishing activities. Although there is a large number of research studies on the fishing industry and resource extraction, literature on processing plant operations is scarce. Within this context, this study seeks to promote a high impact sector in Peru, as well as fostering processing plant competitiveness and productivity. Hence, to address these issues, the authors propose a maintenance management model under the TPM approach. As part of the results from model implementation, a 39% decrease was reported in plant downtime, while maintenance costs also decreased by 16%, which, in turn, increased machine availability and production by 784 tons per year.